含电动汽车和分布式电源的主动配电网动态重构
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摘要
分布式电源和大量电动汽车充电功率的间歇性和随机性使配电网重构面临新的挑战。在此背景下,提出了一种基于区间数方法的含电动汽车和分布式电源的动态重构策略。文中引入区间数以描述分布式电源出力和电动汽车充电负荷的不确定性,以区间数描述最小化网损为目标函数,提出依据动态降损参数的动态时段划分,建立配电网动态重构的数学模型,在利用KrawczykMoore区间迭代法对潮流方程进行求解的同时引入仿射乘除运算代替区间乘除运算,改善了区间运算过于保守的问题。最后,结合邻域搜索以及克隆选择算法提出了求解上述模型的优化方法,以实现考虑多种不确定因素下主动配电网动态重构。算例分析证明所提方法相较于传统人工智能算法具有优越性。
The intermittent and randomness of distributed generations and charging power of electric vehicles bring new challenges to the distribution network reconfiguration.In this context,an interval number method based dynamic reconfiguration strategy considering electric vehicles and distributed generation is proposed.This paper introduces the uncertainty of the distribution power supply and the charging load of electric vehicles.The objective function to minimize network loss by interval number is proposed.Meanwhile,the dynamic time division of dynamic loss parameters is come up with and a mathematical model of dynamic reconfiguration of distribution network is established.The flow equation is solved by using Krawczyk-Moore interval iteration method as well as an affine multiplication and division operation is introduced to replace the interval multiplication,which help to solve the problem of interval arithmetic.Finally,the optimization method for the model above is proposed by combining neighborhood search and clonal selection algorithm,in order to realize dynamic reconfiguration of active distribution network with multiple uncertainties.The analysis of the example shows that the proposed method is superior to the traditional artificial intelligence algorithm.
The intermittent and randomness of distributed generations and charging power of electric vehicles bring new challenges to the distribution network reconfiguration.In this context,an interval number method based dynamic reconfiguration strategy considering electric vehicles and distributed generation is proposed.This paper introduces the uncertainty of the distribution power supply and the charging load of electric vehicles.The objective function to minimize network loss by interval number is proposed.Meanwhile,the dynamic time division of dynamic loss parameters is come up with and a mathematical model of dynamic reconfiguration of distribution network is established.The flow equation is solved by using Krawczyk-Moore interval iteration method as well as an affine multiplication and division operation is introduced to replace the interval multiplication,which help to solve the problem of interval arithmetic.Finally,the optimization method for the model above is proposed by combining neighborhood search and clonal selection algorithm,in order to realize dynamic reconfiguration of active distribution network with multiple uncertainties.The analysis of the example shows that the proposed method is superior to the traditional artificial intelligence algorithm.
引文
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[14]陈春,汪沨,刘蓓,等.基于基本环矩阵与改进和声搜索算法的配电网重构[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(6):55-60.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20130618011.CHEN Chun,WANG Feng,LIU Bei,et al.Configuration of distribution network based on fundamental ring matrix and improved harmony search algorithm[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(6):55-60.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20130618011.
[15]黄弦超,杨雨.基于电流分点编码的遗传算法在配电网重构中的应用[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(19):74-79.HUANG Xianchao,YANG Yu.Network reconfiguration in distribution systems based on genetic algorithm with current point coding technique[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(19):74-79.
[16]刘柏私,谢开贵,周家启,等.配电网重构的动态规划算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(9):29-34.LIU Baisi,XIE Kaigui,ZHOU Jiaqi,et al.Dynamic programming algorithm for distribution network reconstruction[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(9):29-34.
[17]田立亭,史双龙,贾卓.电动汽车充电功率需求的统计学建模方法[J].电网技术,2010,34(11):126-130.TIAN Liting,SHI Shuanglong,JIA Zhuo.A statistical model for charging power demand of electric vehicles[J].Power System Technology,2010,34(11):126-130.
[18]SALAMEH Z,BOROWY B,AMIN A.Photovoltaic modulesite matching based on the capacity factors[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,1995,10(2):326-332.
[19]DIMITROVSKI A,TOMSOVIC K.Boundary load flow solution[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2004,19(1):348-355.
[20]LEONARDO W,OLIVEIRA D,FELIPE D,et al.Optimal reconfiguration of distribution systems with representation of uncertainties through interval analysis[J].Electrical Power and Energy Systems,2016:382-391.
[21]BARAN M,WU F.Network reconfiguration in distribution systems for loss reduction and load balancing[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1989,4(2):1401-1407.
[22]熊宁,程浩忠.基于开关组的禁忌算法在配电网动态重构中的应用[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(11):56-60.XIONG Ning,CHENG Haozhong.Switch group-based tabu algorithm applied in distribution network dynamic reconfiguration[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2008,32(11):56-60.
[23]易海川,张彼德,王海颖,等.提高DG接纳能力的配电网动态重构方法[J].电网技术,2016,40(5):1431-1436.YI Haichuan,ZHANG Bide,WANG Haiying,et al.Distribution network dynamic reconfiguration method for improving distribution network’s ability of accepting DG[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(5):1431-1436.
[24]CHEN C,WANG F,ZHOU B,et al.An interval optimization based day-ahead scheduling scheme for renewable energy management in smart distribution systems[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2015,106:584-596.
[2]吴泓俭,雷霞,刘斌,等.基于遗传膜算法的含风电机组和电动汽车的配电网分时段动态重构[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(2):196-205.WU Hongjian,LEI Xia,LIU Bin,et al.Membrane computing based genetic algorithm for dynamic reconfiguration of distribution network with dividing time and considering electric vehicles and wind turbines[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(2):196-205.
[3]赵静翔,牛焕娜,王钰竹.基于信息熵时段划分的主动配电网动态重构[J].电网技术,2017,41(2):402-408.ZHAO Jingxiang,NIU Huanna,Wang Yuzhu.Dynamic reconfiguration of active distribution network based on information entropy of time intervals[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(2):402-408.
[4]SHARIATKHAH M H,HAGHIFAM M R,SALEHI J,et al.Duration based reconfiguration of electric distribution networks using dynamic programming and harmony search algorithm[J].Electrical Power and Energy Systems,2012,41(1):1-10.
[5]周洁洁,阙凌燕,王良毅,等.采用改进最优模糊C均值聚类和改进和声搜索算法的配电网动态重构[J].机电工程,2015,32(4):531-536.ZHOU Jiejie,QUE Lingyan,WANG Liangyi,et al.Dynamic reconfiguration of distribution network based on improved optimal fuzzy C-means clustering and improved harmony search algorithm[J].Journal of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,2015,32(4):531-536.
[6]HONG Y Y,LUO Y F.Optimal VAR control considering wind farms using probabilistic load-flow and gray-based genetic algorithms[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2009,24(3):1441-1449.
[7]田昊,吕林,高红均,等.计及电网运行特性的配电网动态重构[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(1):9-14.TIAN Hao,LLin,GAO Hongjun,et al.Dynamic reconfiguration of distribution network considering power grid operation characteristic[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(1):9-14.
[8]KAVOUSI F A,NIKNAM T,KHOSRAVI A.Multi-objective probabilistic distribution feeder reconfiguration considering wind power plants[J].International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems,2014,55(2):680-691.
[9]NIKNAM T,KAVOUSI F A,BAZIAR A.Multi-objective stochastic distribution feeder reconfiguration problem considering hydrogen and thermal energy production by fuel cell power plants[J].Energy,2012,42(1):563-573.
[10]孙秋野,张化光,刘兆冰.配电网模糊潮流计算方法及其收敛性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(10):46-50.SUN Qiuye,ZHANG Huaguang,LIU Zhaobing.Fuzzy flow calculation in power distribution system and its convergence[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(10):46-50.
[11]THOMAS M S,RANJAN R,RAINA R.Probabilistic fuzzy approach to assess RDS vulnerability and plan corrective action using feeder reconfiguration[J].Energy and Power Engineering,2012,4(5):330-338.
[12]丁涛,崔翰韬,顾伟,等.基于区间和仿射运算的不确定潮流算法[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(13):51-55.DING Tao,CUI Hantao,GU Wei,et al.An uncertainty power flow algorithm based on interval and affine arithmetic[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(13):51-55.
[13]裴爱华,刘明波,张弛.考虑负荷不确定性的区间潮流计算方法[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2004,16(6):24-27.PEI Aihua,LIU Mingbo,ZHANG Chi.Interval algorithm for power flow calculation with uncertain load[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2004,16(6):24-27.
[14]陈春,汪沨,刘蓓,等.基于基本环矩阵与改进和声搜索算法的配电网重构[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(6):55-60.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20130618011.CHEN Chun,WANG Feng,LIU Bei,et al.Configuration of distribution network based on fundamental ring matrix and improved harmony search algorithm[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(6):55-60.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20130618011.
[15]黄弦超,杨雨.基于电流分点编码的遗传算法在配电网重构中的应用[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(19):74-79.HUANG Xianchao,YANG Yu.Network reconfiguration in distribution systems based on genetic algorithm with current point coding technique[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(19):74-79.
[16]刘柏私,谢开贵,周家启,等.配电网重构的动态规划算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(9):29-34.LIU Baisi,XIE Kaigui,ZHOU Jiaqi,et al.Dynamic programming algorithm for distribution network reconstruction[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(9):29-34.
[17]田立亭,史双龙,贾卓.电动汽车充电功率需求的统计学建模方法[J].电网技术,2010,34(11):126-130.TIAN Liting,SHI Shuanglong,JIA Zhuo.A statistical model for charging power demand of electric vehicles[J].Power System Technology,2010,34(11):126-130.
[18]SALAMEH Z,BOROWY B,AMIN A.Photovoltaic modulesite matching based on the capacity factors[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,1995,10(2):326-332.
[19]DIMITROVSKI A,TOMSOVIC K.Boundary load flow solution[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2004,19(1):348-355.
[20]LEONARDO W,OLIVEIRA D,FELIPE D,et al.Optimal reconfiguration of distribution systems with representation of uncertainties through interval analysis[J].Electrical Power and Energy Systems,2016:382-391.
[21]BARAN M,WU F.Network reconfiguration in distribution systems for loss reduction and load balancing[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1989,4(2):1401-1407.
[22]熊宁,程浩忠.基于开关组的禁忌算法在配电网动态重构中的应用[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(11):56-60.XIONG Ning,CHENG Haozhong.Switch group-based tabu algorithm applied in distribution network dynamic reconfiguration[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2008,32(11):56-60.
[23]易海川,张彼德,王海颖,等.提高DG接纳能力的配电网动态重构方法[J].电网技术,2016,40(5):1431-1436.YI Haichuan,ZHANG Bide,WANG Haiying,et al.Distribution network dynamic reconfiguration method for improving distribution network’s ability of accepting DG[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(5):1431-1436.
[24]CHEN C,WANG F,ZHOU B,et al.An interval optimization based day-ahead scheduling scheme for renewable energy management in smart distribution systems[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2015,106:584-596.