高速主轴动平衡方法研究现状
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摘要
动平衡方法是高速主轴在线动平衡的必要条件,是实现高速主轴在线动平衡的关键。基于在线动平衡方法在高速主轴动平衡调控过程中所起到的重要作用,综述了目前所应用于高速主轴及高速转子的各种动平衡方法。详细地阐述了应用于刚性主轴和柔性主轴的动平衡方法,其中针对刚性主轴的动平衡方法主要介绍了力平衡法和影响系数法;针对柔性主轴的动平衡方法则重点对模态平衡法、影响系数法和无试重平衡法进行了详细地梳理。介绍了全息谱动平衡法和低速动平衡法这2种应用于平衡主轴的新方法。最后,对高速主轴在线动平衡方法的发展趋势进行了展望。
Dynamic balancing method is the necessary condition for online dynamic balance of high speed spindle,which is the crux of dynamic balancing of high speed spindle. Because of the online dynamic balancing method plays an important role in the dynamic balance control of high speed spindle,various dynamic balancing methods applied to high speed spindle and high speed rotor are reviewed. The dynamic balancing method applied to rigid spindle and flexible spindle is described in detail,among them,the dynamic balancing method of rigid spindle is mainly force balance method and influence coefficient method at present.For the flexible spindle,the modal balance method and the influence coefficient method are combed in detail,two new methods of holographic dynamic balancing method and low speed dynamic balance method applied to balance spindle are introduced. Finally,the development trend of the online dynamic balance method of high-speed spindle is prospected.
Dynamic balancing method is the necessary condition for online dynamic balance of high speed spindle,which is the crux of dynamic balancing of high speed spindle. Because of the online dynamic balancing method plays an important role in the dynamic balance control of high speed spindle,various dynamic balancing methods applied to high speed spindle and high speed rotor are reviewed. The dynamic balancing method applied to rigid spindle and flexible spindle is described in detail,among them,the dynamic balancing method of rigid spindle is mainly force balance method and influence coefficient method at present.For the flexible spindle,the modal balance method and the influence coefficient method are combed in detail,two new methods of holographic dynamic balancing method and low speed dynamic balance method applied to balance spindle are introduced. Finally,the development trend of the online dynamic balance method of high-speed spindle is prospected.
引文
[1]周大帅,伍良生.机床主轴在线动平衡技术综述[J].现代制造工程,2008(7):121-124.
[2]白彩波,孙长敬.高速主轴在线动平衡技术综述[J].现代制造工程,2011(12):112-117.
[3]赵学森,陈龙,李增强.超精密机床主轴在线动平衡装置研究现状[J].航空精密制造技术,2014(5):6-9.
[4]郭俊华.刚性转子动平衡技术及系统研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2012.
[5]钟一谔,何衍宗,王正,等.转子动力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2008
[6]陶利民.转子高精度动平衡测试与自动平衡技术研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2006.
[7] GOODMAN T P. A Least-Squares Method for Computing Balance Corrections[J]. Journal of Manufacturing Science&Engineering,1964,86(3):273-277.
[8] DYER S W,NI J. Adaptive Influence Coefficient Control of Single-Plane Active Balancing Systems for Rotating Machinery[J]. Journal of Manufacturing Science&Engineering,2001,123(2):291-298.
[9]梅雪松,章云,杜喆.机床主轴高精度动平衡技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2015.
[10] XU X,FAN P P. Rigid Rotor Dynamic Balancing by TwoPlane Correction with the Influence Coefficient Method[J].Applied Mechanics&Materials,2013(365/366):211-215.
[11]谢志江,唐一科,李远友.转子双面现场动平衡的不卸试重平衡法[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2002,25(9):101-103.
[12] ZHANG S,ZHANG Z. A method to select correcting faces of a double-face dynamic balancing rotor[J]. Advances in Mechanical Engineering,2016,8(12):1-9.
[13]宾光富,何立东,高金吉,等.基于模态振型分析的大型汽轮机低压转子高速动平衡方法[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(14):87-92.
[14] SALDARRIAGA M V,STEFFEN V,HAGOPIAN J D,et al. On the balancing of flexible rotating machines by using an inverse problem approach[J]. Journal of Vibration&Control,2011,17(7):1021-1033.
[15] ZACHWIEJA J. The effectiveness of modal balancing of flexible rotors[J]. Diagnostyka,2015,16(3):79-87.
[16] LIU S. A modified low-speed balancing method for flexible rotors based on holospectrum[J]. Mechanical Systems&Signal Processing,2007,21(1):348-364.
[17]陈习珍.故障诊断技术在鼓风机振动分析中的应用与探讨[J].风机技术,2009(3):63-66..
[18]章璟璇,唐云冰,罗贵火.最小二乘影响系数法的优化改进[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2005,37(1):110-113.
[19]王星星,吴贞焕,杨国安,等.基于改进粒子群算法的最小二乘影响系数法的理论及实验研究[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(8):100-104.
[20] QIAO X,HU G. Active Control for Multinode Unbalanced Vibration of Flexible Spindle Rotor System with Active Magnetic Bearing[J]. Shock and Vibration,2017(12):1-9.
[21] MOON J D,KIM B S,LEE S H. Development of the active balancing device for high-speed spindle system using influence coefficients[J]. International Journal of Machine Tools&Manufacture,2006,46(9):978-987.
[22]陈曦,廖明夫,张霞妹,等.大涵道比涡扇发动机低压转子现场动平衡技术[J].航空动力学报,2017,32(4):808-819.
[23] BISHOP R E D,GLADWELL G M L. The Vibration and Balancing of an Unbalanced Flexible Rotor[J]. ARCHIVE Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science,1959,1(1):66-77.
[24] KELLENBERGER W. Should a Flexible Rotor Be Balanced in N or(N+2)Planes?[J]. Journal of Engineering for Industry,1972,94(2):548.
[25]陈曦,廖明夫,刘展翅,等.一种弹性支撑柔性转子模态动平衡方法[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2016,48(3):402-409.
[26] LIU C,LIU G. Field Dynamic Balancing for Rigid Rotor-AMB System in a Magnetically Suspended Flywheel[J]. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics,2016,21(2):1140-1150.
[27] EL-SHAFEI A,EL-KABBANY A S,YOUNAN A A. Rotor Balancing Without Trial Weights[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines&Power,2004,126(3):1117-1124.
[28] LI X,ZHENG L,LIU Z. Balancing of flexible rotors without trial weights based on finite element modal analysis[J].Journal of Vibration&Control,2012,19(3):461-470.
[29] KHULIEF Y A,OKE W,MOHIUDDDIN M A. Modally Tuned Influence Coefficients for Low-Speed Balancing of Flexible Rotors[J]. Journal of Vibration&Acoustics,2014,2(2):858-862.
[30]李晓丰,郑龙席,刘振侠.柔性转子无试重模态动平衡方法与试验[J].振动、测试与诊断,2013,33(4):565-570.
[31]王维民,高金吉,江志农,等.旋转机械无试重现场动平衡原理与应用[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(2):212-215,232.
[32]刘钢旗,郑龙席,梅庆,等.一种跨二阶柔性转子无试重模态平衡方法[J].航空学报,2014,35(4):1019-1025.
[33]宾光富,李学军,沈意平,等.基于动力学有限元模型的多跨转子轴系无试重整机动平衡研究[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(21):78-86.
[34]章云,梅雪松,邹冬林,等.应用动力学模型的高速主轴无试重动平衡方法[J].西安交通大学学报,2011,45(7):34-37.
[35] BIN G,LI X,WU J,et al. Virtual dynamic balancing method without trial weights for multi-rotor series shafting based on finite element model analysis[J]. Journal of Renewable&Sustainable Energy,2014,6(4):130-136.
[36] WANG Y,FANG J,ZHENG S. A Field Balancing Technique Based on Virtual Trial-Weights Method for a Magnetically Levitated Flexible Rotor[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines&Power,2014,136(9):1-7.
[37]屈梁生,邱海,徐光华.全息动平衡技术:原理与实践[J].中国机械工程,1998,9(1):60-63.
[38]刘石,屈梁生.全息谱技术在轴系现场动平衡方法中应用[J].热能动力工程,2009,24(1):24-30.
[39] ZHANG Y,MEI X,SHAO M,et al. An improved holospectrum-based balancing method for rotor systems with anisotropic stiffness[J]. Proceedings of Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science,2013,227(2):246-260.
[40]刘淑莲,李强,郑水英.基于全息谱分析的非线性转子系统不平衡量识别[J].机械工程学报,2010,46(17):62-67.
[41] TAN S G,WANG X X. A Theoretical Introduction to Low Speed Balancing of Flexible Rotors:Unification and Development of the Modal Balancing and Influence Coefficient Techniques[J]. Journal of Sound&Vibration,1993,168(3):385-394.
[42]章云,梅雪松.机床柔性主轴转子低速无试重动平衡方法研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2016,50(4):89-93.
[2]白彩波,孙长敬.高速主轴在线动平衡技术综述[J].现代制造工程,2011(12):112-117.
[3]赵学森,陈龙,李增强.超精密机床主轴在线动平衡装置研究现状[J].航空精密制造技术,2014(5):6-9.
[4]郭俊华.刚性转子动平衡技术及系统研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2012.
[5]钟一谔,何衍宗,王正,等.转子动力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2008
[6]陶利民.转子高精度动平衡测试与自动平衡技术研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2006.
[7] GOODMAN T P. A Least-Squares Method for Computing Balance Corrections[J]. Journal of Manufacturing Science&Engineering,1964,86(3):273-277.
[8] DYER S W,NI J. Adaptive Influence Coefficient Control of Single-Plane Active Balancing Systems for Rotating Machinery[J]. Journal of Manufacturing Science&Engineering,2001,123(2):291-298.
[9]梅雪松,章云,杜喆.机床主轴高精度动平衡技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2015.
[10] XU X,FAN P P. Rigid Rotor Dynamic Balancing by TwoPlane Correction with the Influence Coefficient Method[J].Applied Mechanics&Materials,2013(365/366):211-215.
[11]谢志江,唐一科,李远友.转子双面现场动平衡的不卸试重平衡法[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2002,25(9):101-103.
[12] ZHANG S,ZHANG Z. A method to select correcting faces of a double-face dynamic balancing rotor[J]. Advances in Mechanical Engineering,2016,8(12):1-9.
[13]宾光富,何立东,高金吉,等.基于模态振型分析的大型汽轮机低压转子高速动平衡方法[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(14):87-92.
[14] SALDARRIAGA M V,STEFFEN V,HAGOPIAN J D,et al. On the balancing of flexible rotating machines by using an inverse problem approach[J]. Journal of Vibration&Control,2011,17(7):1021-1033.
[15] ZACHWIEJA J. The effectiveness of modal balancing of flexible rotors[J]. Diagnostyka,2015,16(3):79-87.
[16] LIU S. A modified low-speed balancing method for flexible rotors based on holospectrum[J]. Mechanical Systems&Signal Processing,2007,21(1):348-364.
[17]陈习珍.故障诊断技术在鼓风机振动分析中的应用与探讨[J].风机技术,2009(3):63-66..
[18]章璟璇,唐云冰,罗贵火.最小二乘影响系数法的优化改进[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2005,37(1):110-113.
[19]王星星,吴贞焕,杨国安,等.基于改进粒子群算法的最小二乘影响系数法的理论及实验研究[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(8):100-104.
[20] QIAO X,HU G. Active Control for Multinode Unbalanced Vibration of Flexible Spindle Rotor System with Active Magnetic Bearing[J]. Shock and Vibration,2017(12):1-9.
[21] MOON J D,KIM B S,LEE S H. Development of the active balancing device for high-speed spindle system using influence coefficients[J]. International Journal of Machine Tools&Manufacture,2006,46(9):978-987.
[22]陈曦,廖明夫,张霞妹,等.大涵道比涡扇发动机低压转子现场动平衡技术[J].航空动力学报,2017,32(4):808-819.
[23] BISHOP R E D,GLADWELL G M L. The Vibration and Balancing of an Unbalanced Flexible Rotor[J]. ARCHIVE Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science,1959,1(1):66-77.
[24] KELLENBERGER W. Should a Flexible Rotor Be Balanced in N or(N+2)Planes?[J]. Journal of Engineering for Industry,1972,94(2):548.
[25]陈曦,廖明夫,刘展翅,等.一种弹性支撑柔性转子模态动平衡方法[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2016,48(3):402-409.
[26] LIU C,LIU G. Field Dynamic Balancing for Rigid Rotor-AMB System in a Magnetically Suspended Flywheel[J]. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics,2016,21(2):1140-1150.
[27] EL-SHAFEI A,EL-KABBANY A S,YOUNAN A A. Rotor Balancing Without Trial Weights[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines&Power,2004,126(3):1117-1124.
[28] LI X,ZHENG L,LIU Z. Balancing of flexible rotors without trial weights based on finite element modal analysis[J].Journal of Vibration&Control,2012,19(3):461-470.
[29] KHULIEF Y A,OKE W,MOHIUDDDIN M A. Modally Tuned Influence Coefficients for Low-Speed Balancing of Flexible Rotors[J]. Journal of Vibration&Acoustics,2014,2(2):858-862.
[30]李晓丰,郑龙席,刘振侠.柔性转子无试重模态动平衡方法与试验[J].振动、测试与诊断,2013,33(4):565-570.
[31]王维民,高金吉,江志农,等.旋转机械无试重现场动平衡原理与应用[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(2):212-215,232.
[32]刘钢旗,郑龙席,梅庆,等.一种跨二阶柔性转子无试重模态平衡方法[J].航空学报,2014,35(4):1019-1025.
[33]宾光富,李学军,沈意平,等.基于动力学有限元模型的多跨转子轴系无试重整机动平衡研究[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(21):78-86.
[34]章云,梅雪松,邹冬林,等.应用动力学模型的高速主轴无试重动平衡方法[J].西安交通大学学报,2011,45(7):34-37.
[35] BIN G,LI X,WU J,et al. Virtual dynamic balancing method without trial weights for multi-rotor series shafting based on finite element model analysis[J]. Journal of Renewable&Sustainable Energy,2014,6(4):130-136.
[36] WANG Y,FANG J,ZHENG S. A Field Balancing Technique Based on Virtual Trial-Weights Method for a Magnetically Levitated Flexible Rotor[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines&Power,2014,136(9):1-7.
[37]屈梁生,邱海,徐光华.全息动平衡技术:原理与实践[J].中国机械工程,1998,9(1):60-63.
[38]刘石,屈梁生.全息谱技术在轴系现场动平衡方法中应用[J].热能动力工程,2009,24(1):24-30.
[39] ZHANG Y,MEI X,SHAO M,et al. An improved holospectrum-based balancing method for rotor systems with anisotropic stiffness[J]. Proceedings of Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science,2013,227(2):246-260.
[40]刘淑莲,李强,郑水英.基于全息谱分析的非线性转子系统不平衡量识别[J].机械工程学报,2010,46(17):62-67.
[41] TAN S G,WANG X X. A Theoretical Introduction to Low Speed Balancing of Flexible Rotors:Unification and Development of the Modal Balancing and Influence Coefficient Techniques[J]. Journal of Sound&Vibration,1993,168(3):385-394.
[42]章云,梅雪松.机床柔性主轴转子低速无试重动平衡方法研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2016,50(4):89-93.