考虑轮齿修形的电动车轮边减速器动态啮合性能研究
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摘要
为揭示考虑修形条件下电动车轮边减速器啮合特性与动态特性,提出三种轮齿修形方案,建立电动车轮边减速器啮合模型,获取不同修形方案下的轮齿啮合印痕;考虑修形条件下的系统刚度激励与传动误差激励,建立了电动车轮边减速器多体多自由度系统动力学模型,获取系统动态啮合力与动态轴承支承响应。结果表明未修形条件下,轮齿啮合印痕分布较差,边缘接触明显;高速级单独齿向线性修形与起鼓修形可有效改善啮合印痕,低速级齿向采用线性修形配合起鼓修形,齿形采用起鼓修形或压力角修形可有效改善啮合印痕;三种修形方案使得输入高速级与输出低速级传动误差与动态啮合力,各轴动态轴承支承响应均明显改善,推荐在电动车轮边减速器设计中采用齿向线性或起鼓修形配合齿形起鼓修形。
The objective of this research is to reveal the mesh characteristics and dynamics of wheel-rim reducers used in electric vehicles considering gear teeth modifications. Three types of strategies for the tooth modification were proposed. And the contact patterns for the related gear pairs were calculated based on the systematic mesh model considering the tooth modification strategies. Then a multi-body dynamic model for the geared rotor system in wheel-rim reducer was setup using the lumped parameter method considering the mesh stiffness and transmission error excitations.The dynamic mesh force and acceleration responses of the equivalent bearing support were calculated. The results show that poor contact patterns with edge contact existed without teeth modifications. Independent linear relief and independent crowning relief along the axial direction for the high-speed gear pair can improve the contact patterns obviously. And linear relief with crowning relief along the axial direction and crowning relief or pressure angle modification along the profile direction for low-speed gear pair can improve the contact patterns obviously. The proposed three types of strategies for the tooth modification can decrease the transmission error. The dynamic mesh force and the acceleration responses of the equivalent bearing support obviously improved for high-speed and low-speed gear pairs. Finally,the gear tooth strategy linear relief with crowning relief along the axial direction and crowning relief along the profile direction was recommended to design the gears of wheel-rim reducer used in electric vehicle.
The objective of this research is to reveal the mesh characteristics and dynamics of wheel-rim reducers used in electric vehicles considering gear teeth modifications. Three types of strategies for the tooth modification were proposed. And the contact patterns for the related gear pairs were calculated based on the systematic mesh model considering the tooth modification strategies. Then a multi-body dynamic model for the geared rotor system in wheel-rim reducer was setup using the lumped parameter method considering the mesh stiffness and transmission error excitations.The dynamic mesh force and acceleration responses of the equivalent bearing support were calculated. The results show that poor contact patterns with edge contact existed without teeth modifications. Independent linear relief and independent crowning relief along the axial direction for the high-speed gear pair can improve the contact patterns obviously. And linear relief with crowning relief along the axial direction and crowning relief or pressure angle modification along the profile direction for low-speed gear pair can improve the contact patterns obviously. The proposed three types of strategies for the tooth modification can decrease the transmission error. The dynamic mesh force and the acceleration responses of the equivalent bearing support obviously improved for high-speed and low-speed gear pairs. Finally,the gear tooth strategy linear relief with crowning relief along the axial direction and crowning relief along the profile direction was recommended to design the gears of wheel-rim reducer used in electric vehicle.
引文
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[12]于蓬,章桐,冷毅,等.电动车减/差速器振动特性分析及改进[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(7):85-92.YU Peng,ZHANG Tong,LENG Yi,et al.Vibration characteristics analysis and improvement of differential/reducer of electric vehicle[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(7):85-92.
[13]SONG Chaosheng,ZHU Caichao,LIU Huaiju,et al.Dynamic analysis and experimental study of a marine gearbox with crossed beveloid gears[J].Mechanism and Machine Theory,2015,92:17-28.
[14]ZHU Caichao,CHEN Shuang,SONG Chaosheng,et al.Dynamic analysis of a megawatt wind turbine drive train[J].Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology,2015,29(5):1913-1919.
[15]宋朝省,朱才朝,LIM T C,等.小角度空间交错轴变厚齿轮传动啮合动态特性研究[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(8):153-157.SONG Chaosheng,ZHU Caichao,LIM T C,et al.Timevarying mesh characteristics of beveloid gears with crossed axes and small shaft angle[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2012,31(8):153-157.
[16]PENG T.Coupled multi-body dynamic and vibration analysis of hypoid and bevel geared rotor system[D].Cincinnati,OH:University of Cincinnati,2010.
[2]HAMMAMI A,DEL RINCON A F,CHAARI F,et al.Dynamic behaviour of back to back planetary gear in run up and run down transient regimes[J].Journal of Mechanics,2015,31(4):481-491.
[3]GLOVER R.Design of high speed gears,low load gears for minimizing gear whine noise[C]∥Proceedings of the ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference.Portland,OR,2013.
[4]CHOI B J,YOON J H,OH J E.A study on axle gear whine noise reduction with deflection test[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D:Journal of Automobile Engineering,2012,226(D2):225-233.
[5]KORONIAS G,THEODOSSIADES S,RAHNEJAT H,et al.Axle whine phenomenon in light trucks:a combined numerical and experimental investigation[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D:Journal of Automobile Engineering,2011,225(D7):885-894.
[6]YANG J Y,PENG T,LIM T C.An enhanced multi-term harmonic balance solution for nonlinear period-one dynamic motions in right-angle gear pairs[J].Nonlinear Dynamics,2014,76(2):1237-1252.
[7]KAHRAMAN A,SINGH R.Interactions between time-varying mesh stiffness and clearance non-linearities in a geared system[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1991,146(1):135-156.
[8]王泽贵,裴质明,郝志勇,等.汽车变速器齿轮啸叫噪声试验[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2013,47(7):1307-1312.WANG Zegui,PEI Zhiming,HAO Zhiyong,et al.Experimental study on gear whine noise from transmission in vehicle[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science),2013,47(7):1307-1312.
[9]周益,曾一凡,王泽贵.齿轮精度与变速器啸叫声控制的定量分析[J].噪声与振动控制,2012(3):94-98.ZHOU Yi,ZENG Yifan,WANG Zegui.Quantitative analysis for gear accuracy and the control of transmission gear whine[J].Noise and Vibration Control,2012(3):94-98.
[10]王泽贵,周益,周观鹏,等.变速器啸叫声与下线台架振动的相关性试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(23):180-184.WANG Zegui,ZHOU Yi,ZHOU Guanpeng,et al.Correlations tests for transmission gear whine and vibration of end of line[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2012,31(23):180-184.
[11]郭栋,邓斌,石晓辉,等.国产轿车变速器啸叫噪声源的识别与控制[J].中国机械工程,2011,22(18):2264-2267.GUO Dong,DENG Bin,SHI Xiaohui,et al.Identification and reduction of gear whine noise of domestic transmission[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2011,22(18):2264-2267.
[12]于蓬,章桐,冷毅,等.电动车减/差速器振动特性分析及改进[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(7):85-92.YU Peng,ZHANG Tong,LENG Yi,et al.Vibration characteristics analysis and improvement of differential/reducer of electric vehicle[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(7):85-92.
[13]SONG Chaosheng,ZHU Caichao,LIU Huaiju,et al.Dynamic analysis and experimental study of a marine gearbox with crossed beveloid gears[J].Mechanism and Machine Theory,2015,92:17-28.
[14]ZHU Caichao,CHEN Shuang,SONG Chaosheng,et al.Dynamic analysis of a megawatt wind turbine drive train[J].Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology,2015,29(5):1913-1919.
[15]宋朝省,朱才朝,LIM T C,等.小角度空间交错轴变厚齿轮传动啮合动态特性研究[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(8):153-157.SONG Chaosheng,ZHU Caichao,LIM T C,et al.Timevarying mesh characteristics of beveloid gears with crossed axes and small shaft angle[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2012,31(8):153-157.
[16]PENG T.Coupled multi-body dynamic and vibration analysis of hypoid and bevel geared rotor system[D].Cincinnati,OH:University of Cincinnati,2010.