张掖城市主要功能用地演变特征及其动因分析
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摘要
研究城市功能用地演替可以揭示出新时期中国城市功能空间演化的特征、趋势与形成机制,为城市管理提供理论依据。以张掖中心城区为研究范围,运用GIS工具及方法,定量分析了张掖市1981年以来居住用地、工业用地、公共服务用地三大功能用地的空间演变特征及其动因。结果表明:张掖城市居住用地和公共服务用地呈逐步增加趋势,空间上呈"内聚"到"外散"的演变趋势,两者均由老城区向四周扩散;而工业用地先增加后减少,空间上呈"混杂"到"集中"的演变趋势,工业用地集中于东北部产业园区。三大主要功能用地呈现出明显的圈层特征。张掖城市功能用地演变是人口经济驱动、宏观政策调控、城市开发与生态环境博弈、交通线路牵引、城市规划引导等共同作用的结果。
China is facing with a critical period of rapid urbanization and urban spatial reconstruction.Studying the evolution of urban functional lands can reveal the features,trends and formation mechanisms of urban functional space in the new era and provide a theoretical guidance for urban management.This paper takes downtown of Zhangye City,Gansu Province,China as the research object,and uses nuclear density estimation and circle analysis to quantitatively analyze characteristics of the spatial evolution and its driving forces of residential land,industrial land and public service land since 1981,which will provides guidance for the sustainable development of oasis city.The results show that urban residential land and public service land are gradually increasing, and it appears a tend of "cohesion→external dispersion" in space. They spread from the central to the surrounding area.While,the industrial land increases in the beginning and decreases then, and it appears the changing of "mixed →concentration" in space.Overall,the three functional lands together push the urban space expanding out.In addition,the evolution of urban functional land is the result of the combined effects of population,economy,policy control,game playing between urban development and eco-environment protection,traffic traction and urban planning.
China is facing with a critical period of rapid urbanization and urban spatial reconstruction.Studying the evolution of urban functional lands can reveal the features,trends and formation mechanisms of urban functional space in the new era and provide a theoretical guidance for urban management.This paper takes downtown of Zhangye City,Gansu Province,China as the research object,and uses nuclear density estimation and circle analysis to quantitatively analyze characteristics of the spatial evolution and its driving forces of residential land,industrial land and public service land since 1981,which will provides guidance for the sustainable development of oasis city.The results show that urban residential land and public service land are gradually increasing, and it appears a tend of "cohesion→external dispersion" in space. They spread from the central to the surrounding area.While,the industrial land increases in the beginning and decreases then, and it appears the changing of "mixed →concentration" in space.Overall,the three functional lands together push the urban space expanding out.In addition,the evolution of urban functional land is the result of the combined effects of population,economy,policy control,game playing between urban development and eco-environment protection,traffic traction and urban planning.
引文
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[10] 石崧.城市空间结构演变的动力机制分析[J].城市规划汇刊,2004,(1):50-52.[SHI Song.The dynamics of urban structure’s evolution[J].Urban Planning Forum,2004,(1):50-52.]
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[12] 周国磊,李诚固,张婧,等.2003年以来长春市功能用地演替[J].地理学报,2015,70(4):539-550.[ZHOU Guolei,LI Chenggu,ZHANG Jing,et al.Transition of urban functional land in Changchun from 2003 to 2012[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(4):539-550.]
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[14] 申庆喜,李诚固,周国磊,等.2002—2012年长春市城市功能空间耦合研究[J].地理研究,2015,34(10):1897-1910.[SHEN Qingxi,LI Chenggu,ZHOU Guolei,et al.The coupling of functional urban spaces:A case study of Changchun from 2002 to 2012[J].Geographical Research,2015,34(10):1897-1910.]
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[16] 陶江,陆玉麒,王昌燕.乌鲁木齐城市用地空间转换及其机制[J].经济地理,2008,28(6):1025-1030.[TAO Jiang,LU Yuqi,WANG Changyan.A study on urban land conversion and mechanism in Urumqi City[J].Economic Geography,2008,28(6):1025-1030.]
[17] 张文忠,刘旺,李业锦.北京城市内部居住空间分布与居民居住区位偏好[J].地理研究,2003,22(2):751-759.[ZHANG Wenzhong,LIU Wang,LI Yejin.Housing’s spatial distribution and residents’ preference on housing location in Beijing[J].Geographical Research,2003,22(2):751-759.]
[18] 廖邦固,徐建刚,梅安新.1947—2007年上海中心城区居住空间分异变化:基于居住用地类型视角[J].地理研究,2012,31(6):1089-1102.[LIAO Banggu,XU Jiangang,MEI Anxin.Evolution of residential differentiation in central Shanghai City (1947-2007):A view of residential land use types[J].Geographical Research,2012,31(6):1089-1102.]
[19] 周春山,罗仁泽,代丹丹.2000—2010年广州市居住空间结构演变及机制分析[J].地理研究,2015,34(6):1109-1124.[ZHOU Chunshan,LUO Renze,DAI Dandan.Evolution and mechanism of the residential spatial structure from 2000 to 2010 in Guangzhou[J].Geographical Research,2015,34(6):1109-1124.]
[20] 宋伟轩,吴启焰,朱喜钢.新时期南京居住空间分异研究[J].地理学报,2010,65(6):685-694.[SONG Weixuan,WU Qiyan,ZHU Xigang.Residential differentiation of Nanjing in the new period[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2010,65(6):685-694.]
[21] 张婧,李诚固,周国磊,等.长春市公共服务设施用地演变格局与机制[J].地理学报,2015,70(12):1939-1952.[ZHANG Jing,LI Chenggu,ZHOU Guolei,et al.The evolution pattern and mechanism of public service facilities lands in Changchun[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(12):1939-1952.]
[22] 温锋华,许学强.广州商务办公空间发展及其与城市空间的耦合研究[J].人文地理,2011,26(2):36-43.[WEN Fenghua,XU Xueqiang.The development of business office space of Guangzhou and its coupling relationship with the urban space[J].Human Geography,2011,26(2):36-43.]
[2] WEBSTER C.Pricing accessibility:Urban morphology,design and missing markets[J].Progress in Planning,2010,73(2):77- 111.
[3] 王新生,刘纪远,庄大方,等.中国特大城市空间形态变化的时空特征[J].地理学报,2005,60(3):392-400. [WANG Xinsheng,LIU Jiyuan,ZHUANG Dafang,et al.Spatial-temporal change of urban spatial morphology in China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2005,60(3):392-400.]
[4] 潘竟虎,韩文超.近20 a中国省会及以上城市空间形态演变[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(3):470-480. [PAN Jinghu,HAN Wenchao.Spatial-temporal change of urban morphology of provincial capital cities or above in China[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2013,28(3):470-480.]
[5] 尚正永,张小林,周晓钟.基于RS/GIS的城市空间扩展与外部形态演变研究:以江苏省淮安市为例[J].经济地理,2012,32(8):64-70.[SHANG Zhengyong,ZHANG Xiaolin,ZHOU Xiaozhong.Study on urban spatial expansion and external morphology evolution based on RS/GIS:A case of Huai’an City[J].Economic Geography,2012,32(8):64-70.]
[6] POELMANS L,ROMPAEY A V.Complexity and performance of urban expansion models[J].Computers Environment and Urban Systems,2010,34(1):17-27.
[7] 刘纪元,王新生,庄大方,等.凸壳原理用于城市用地空间扩展类型识别[J].地理学报,2003,58(6):885-892.[LIU Jiyuan,WANG Xinsheng,ZHUANG Dafang,et al.Application of convex hull in identifying the types of urban land expansion[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2003,58(6):885-892.]
[8] TIAN G J,WU J G,YANG Z F.Spatial pattern of urban functions in the Beijing metropolitan region[J].Habitat International,2010,34(2):249-255.
[9] 张庭伟.1990年代中国城市空间结构的变化及其动力机制[J].城市规划,2001,25(7):7-14.[ZHANG Tingwei.The urban restructuring of Chinese cities in 1990s and its dynamic mechanism[J].City Planning Review,2001,25(7):7-14.]
[10] 石崧.城市空间结构演变的动力机制分析[J].城市规划汇刊,2004,(1):50-52.[SHI Song.The dynamics of urban structure’s evolution[J].Urban Planning Forum,2004,(1):50-52.]
[11] SHU B R,ZHANG H H,LI Y L.Spatiotemporal variation analysis of driving forces of urban land spatial expansion using logistic regression:A case study of port towns in Taicang City,China[J].Habitat International,2014,43(4):181-190.
[12] 周国磊,李诚固,张婧,等.2003年以来长春市功能用地演替[J].地理学报,2015,70(4):539-550.[ZHOU Guolei,LI Chenggu,ZHANG Jing,et al.Transition of urban functional land in Changchun from 2003 to 2012[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(4):539-550.]
[13] 刘贤腾,顾朝林.解析城市用地空间结构:基于南京市的实证[J].城市规划学刊,2008,(5):78-84.[LIU Xianteng,GU Chaolin.Decoding urban land use spatial structure:A case study on the city of Nanjing[J].Urban Planning Forum,2008,(5):78-84.]
[14] 申庆喜,李诚固,周国磊,等.2002—2012年长春市城市功能空间耦合研究[J].地理研究,2015,34(10):1897-1910.[SHEN Qingxi,LI Chenggu,ZHOU Guolei,et al.The coupling of functional urban spaces:A case study of Changchun from 2002 to 2012[J].Geographical Research,2015,34(10):1897-1910.]
[15] 尚正永,张小林,卢晓旭,等.基于可达性的城市功能用地空间格局演变研究——以江苏省淮安市为例[J].地理科学,2014,34(2):154-162.[SHANG Zhengyong,ZHANG Xiaolin,LU Xiaoxu,et al.Evolution of accessibility spatial pattern of urban land use:A case of Huai’an City in Jiangsu Province[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2014,34(2):154-162.]
[16] 陶江,陆玉麒,王昌燕.乌鲁木齐城市用地空间转换及其机制[J].经济地理,2008,28(6):1025-1030.[TAO Jiang,LU Yuqi,WANG Changyan.A study on urban land conversion and mechanism in Urumqi City[J].Economic Geography,2008,28(6):1025-1030.]
[17] 张文忠,刘旺,李业锦.北京城市内部居住空间分布与居民居住区位偏好[J].地理研究,2003,22(2):751-759.[ZHANG Wenzhong,LIU Wang,LI Yejin.Housing’s spatial distribution and residents’ preference on housing location in Beijing[J].Geographical Research,2003,22(2):751-759.]
[18] 廖邦固,徐建刚,梅安新.1947—2007年上海中心城区居住空间分异变化:基于居住用地类型视角[J].地理研究,2012,31(6):1089-1102.[LIAO Banggu,XU Jiangang,MEI Anxin.Evolution of residential differentiation in central Shanghai City (1947-2007):A view of residential land use types[J].Geographical Research,2012,31(6):1089-1102.]
[19] 周春山,罗仁泽,代丹丹.2000—2010年广州市居住空间结构演变及机制分析[J].地理研究,2015,34(6):1109-1124.[ZHOU Chunshan,LUO Renze,DAI Dandan.Evolution and mechanism of the residential spatial structure from 2000 to 2010 in Guangzhou[J].Geographical Research,2015,34(6):1109-1124.]
[20] 宋伟轩,吴启焰,朱喜钢.新时期南京居住空间分异研究[J].地理学报,2010,65(6):685-694.[SONG Weixuan,WU Qiyan,ZHU Xigang.Residential differentiation of Nanjing in the new period[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2010,65(6):685-694.]
[21] 张婧,李诚固,周国磊,等.长春市公共服务设施用地演变格局与机制[J].地理学报,2015,70(12):1939-1952.[ZHANG Jing,LI Chenggu,ZHOU Guolei,et al.The evolution pattern and mechanism of public service facilities lands in Changchun[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(12):1939-1952.]
[22] 温锋华,许学强.广州商务办公空间发展及其与城市空间的耦合研究[J].人文地理,2011,26(2):36-43.[WEN Fenghua,XU Xueqiang.The development of business office space of Guangzhou and its coupling relationship with the urban space[J].Human Geography,2011,26(2):36-43.]
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