双重网络嵌入、组织学习与企业升级
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摘要
制造型企业同时嵌入市场网络和制度网络,这两种网络对企业升级具有不同的作用。以网络嵌入性、组织学习和企业升级理论为基础,对广东省212家制造型企业进行了实证研究。研究发现:市场网络嵌入对流程升级、产品升级和功能升级均有显著的正向影响;制度网络嵌入对流程升级、产品升级没有显著的正向影响,但对功能升级有显著的正向影响;相比于制度网络嵌入,市场网络嵌入对企业升级的影响影响更大;组织学习中的实践学习在市场网络嵌入和企业流程升级、产品升级和功能升级之间起了中介作用。
Manufacturing enterprises are embedded in both market and institutional networks which impact firm upgrading differently.Based on the theory of network embeddedness,organizational learning and firm upgrading,the paper conducts an empirical research on 212 manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong Province. The results show that market network embeddedness has a significantly positive impact on process upgrading,product upgrading,and functional upgrading, institutional network embeddedness has no significantly positive impact on process upgrading and product upgrading,but on functional upgrading,and that compared with institutional network embeddedness,market network embeddedness has greater impact on firm upgrading; experimental learning mediates the relation between market network embeddedness and process upgrading,product upgrading,and functional upgrading.
Manufacturing enterprises are embedded in both market and institutional networks which impact firm upgrading differently.Based on the theory of network embeddedness,organizational learning and firm upgrading,the paper conducts an empirical research on 212 manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong Province. The results show that market network embeddedness has a significantly positive impact on process upgrading,product upgrading,and functional upgrading, institutional network embeddedness has no significantly positive impact on process upgrading and product upgrading,but on functional upgrading,and that compared with institutional network embeddedness,market network embeddedness has greater impact on firm upgrading; experimental learning mediates the relation between market network embeddedness and process upgrading,product upgrading,and functional upgrading.
引文
[1] BARNEY J. Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage[J]. Journal of Management, 1991, 17(1): 99-120.
[2] CHESBROUGH H. The Logic of Open Innovation: Managing Intellectual Property[J]. California Management Review, 2003, 45(3): 33-58.
[3] GRANOVETTER M. Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness[J]. American Journal of Sociology, 1985, 91(3): 481-510.
[4] UZZI B. Social Structure and Competition in Interfirm Networks: The Paradox of Embeddedness[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1997, 42(1): 35.
[5] YIU D W, LAU C M, BRUTON G D. International Venturing by Emerging Economy Firms: The effects of firm capabilities, home country networks, and corporate entrepreneurship[J]. Journal of international business studies, 2007, 38(4): 519-540.
[6] 魏江, 徐蕾. 知识网络双重嵌入、 知识整合与集群企业创新能力[J]. 管理科学学报, 2014, 17(2): 34-47.
[7] KIM Y, LUI S S. The Impacts of External Network and Business Group on Innovation: Do the Types of Innovation Matter?[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2015, 68(9): 1964-1973.
[8] MCEVILY B, ZAHEER A. Bridging Ties: A Source of Firm Heterogeneity in Competitive Capabilities[J]. Strategic management journal, 1999, 20(12): 1133-1156.
[9] 庄晋财, 沙开庆, 程李梅, 等. 创业成长中双重网络嵌入的演化规律研究——以正泰集团和温氏集团为例[J]. 中国工业经济, 2012 (8): 122-134.
[10] 戴维奇, 林巧, 魏江. 集群内外网络嵌入与公司创业——基于浙江省四个产业集群的实证研究[J]. 科学学研究, 2011, 29(4): 571-581.
[11] 梁娟, 陈国宏. 多重网络嵌入与集群企业知识创造绩效研究[J]. 科学学研究, 2015 (1): 90-97.
[12] 张恒俊, 杨皎平. 双重网络嵌入、学习空间与集群企业技术创新的实证研究[J]. 研究与发展管理, 2015, 27(1): 51-60.
[13] 聂正安, 钟素芳. 知识转移, 网络嵌入与国际代工企业成长[J]. 经济地理, 2010 (6): 970-975.
[14] 王晓萍. GVC/NVC 双重网络嵌入中本土代工制造企业动态能力提升机制研究——基于组织学习的视角[J]. 科技管理研究, 2013, 33(1): 127-130.
[15] 丘海雄, 徐建牛. 产业集群技术创新中的地方政府行为[J]. 管理世界, 2004 (10): 36-46.
[16] 丘海雄, 崔强. 剖析集群创新——西樵纺织产业集群的案例研究[J]. 学术研究, 2004 (7): 25-31.
[17] BOUDREAU K, LAKHANI K. How to Manage Outside Innovation[J]. MIT Sloan management review, 2009, 50(4): 69.
[18] DYER J H. Specialized Supplier Networks As a Source of Competitive Advantage: Evidence From the Auto Industry[J]. Strategic management journal, 1996, 17(4): 271-291.
[19] DYER J H, Hatch N W. Relation-specific Capabilities and Barriers to Knowledge Transfers: Creating Advantage Through Network Relationships[J]. Strategic management journal, 2006, 27(8): 701-719.
[20] PULLES N J, VELDMAN J, SCHIELE H. Identifying Innovative Suppliers in Business Networks: An Empirical Study[J]. Industrial Marketing Management, 2014, 43(3): 409-418.
[21] SCHIELE H, VELDMAN J, HüTTINGER L. Supplier Innovativeness and Supplier Pricing: The Role of Preferred Customer Status[J]. International Journal of Innovation Management, 2011, 15(1): 1-27.
[22] GNYAWALI D R, PARK B J. Co-Opetition and Technological Innovation in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: A Multilevel Conceptual Model[J]. Journal of Small Business Management, 2009, 47(3): 308-330.
[23] URBAN G L, VON HIPPEL E. Lead User Analyses for the Development of New Industrial Products[J]. Management Science, 1988, 34(5): 569-582.
[24] 毛蕴诗, 温思雅. 系统观视角下的环保常态机制与企业竞争力提升研究——我国台湾地区的经验及启示[J]. 东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2012, 14(4): 23-28.
[25] LAURSEN K, SALTER A. Searching High and Low: What Types of Firms Use Universities as a Source of Innovation?[J]. Research Policy, 2004, 33(8): 1201-1215.
[26] UN C A, CUERVO-CAZURRA A, ASAKAWA K. R&D Collaborations and Product Innovation[J]. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 2010, 27(5): 673-689.
[27] FREEL M S, HARRISON R T. Innovation and Cooperation in the Small Firm Sector: Evidence from ‘Northern Britain’[J]. Regional Studies, 2006, 40(4): 289-305.
[28] 吴军民. 行业协会的组织运作:一种社会资本分析视角——以广东南海专业镇行业协会为例[J]. 管理世界, 2005(10): 50-57.
[29] FAEMS D, VAN LOOY B, DEBACKERE K. Interorganizational Collaboration and Innovation: Toward a Portfolio Approach[J]. J Product Innovation Man, 2005, 22(3): 238-250.
[30] HAMEL G. Competition for Competence and Interpartner Learning Within International Strategic Alliances[J]. Strategic management journal, 1991, 12(S1): 83-103.
[31] INKPEN A C, TSANG E W K. Social Capital, Networks, and Knowledge Transfer[J]. Academy of management review, 2005, 30(1): 146-165.
[32] ZAHRA S A, NIELSEN A P, BOGNER W C. Corporate Entrepreneurship, Knowledge, and Competence Development[J]. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 1999, 23(3): 169-189.
[33] WU S H, HSU F B. Towards a Knowledge-based View of OEM Relationship Building: Sharing of Industrial Experiences in Taiwan[J]. International Journal of Technology Management, 2001, 22(5-6): 503-524.
[34] RAGATZ G L, HANDFIELD R B, PETERSEN K J. Benefits Associated with Supplier Integration into New Product Development under Conditions of Technology Uncertainty[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2002, 55(5): 389-400.
[35] 李文鹣. 政府对中小企业创新的资助模式的中外比较分析[J]. 科技管理研究, 2005, 25(1): 94-98.
[36] 董芙蓉. 知识转移视角下的产学研联盟内在机理研究[J]. 东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2011, 13(S1): 84-86,92.
[37] 吴晓波, 高忠仕, 胡伊苹. 组织学习与知识转移效用的实证研究[J]. 科学学研究, 2009, 27(1): 101-110.
[38] 王生辉, 孙国辉. 全球价值链体系中的代工企业组织学习与产业升级[J]. 经济管理, 2009( 8): 39-44.
[39] 毛蕴诗, 温思雅. 企业渐进式升级、竞争优势与驱动因素研究[J]. 东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2014, 16(2): 31-40.
[40] 蔡莉, 单标安, 刘钊, 等. 创业网络对新企业绩效的影响研究——组织学习的中介作用[J]. 科学学研究, 2010, 28(10): 1592-1600.
[41] HUMPHREY J, SCHMITZ H. Governance and Upgrading: Linking Industrial Cluster and Global Value Chain Research[EB/OL].Brighton: University of Sussex, Institute of Development Studies Working Paper 120, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-287-655-3_38 [2000-0304].
[42] 毛蕴诗, 吴瑶. 企业升级路径与分析模式研究[J]. 中山大学学报 (社会科学版), 2009, 49(1): 178-186.
[43] 毛蕴诗, 刘富先, 李田. 企业升级路径测量量表开发[J]. 华南师范大学学报: 社会科学版, 2016 (3): 103-117.
[44] 李雪灵, 韩自然, 董保宝, 等. 获得式学习与新企业创业: 基于学习导向视角的实证研究[J]. 管理世界, 2013 (4): 94-106.
[45] 单标安, 蔡莉, 鲁喜凤, 等. 创业学习的内涵、维度及其测量[J]. 科学学研究, 2014, 32(12): 1867-1875.
[46] AHUJA G, LAMPERT C M, TANDON V. Moving Beyond Schumpeter: Management Research on the Determinants of Technological innovation[J]. Academy of Management annals, 2008, 2(1): 1-98.
[47] LEE C, LEE K, PENNINGS J M. Internal Capabilities, External networks, and Performance: a Study on Technology-based Ventures[J]. Strategic management journal, 2001, 22(6-7): 615-640.
[48] FRENZ M, IETTO-GILLIES G. The Impact on Innovation Performance of Different Sources of Knowledge: Evidence from the UK Community Innovation Survey[J]. Research Policy, 2009, 38(7): 1125-1135.
[49] ZAHRA S A, IRELAND R D, HITT M A. International Expansion by New Venture Firms: International Diversity, Mode of Market Entry, Technological Learning, and Performance.[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2000, 43(5): 925-950.
[50] ARMSTRONG J S, OVERTON T S. Estimating Nonresponse Bias in Mail Surveys[J]. Journal of Marketing Research, 1977, 14(3): 396.
[51] LAMBERT D M, HARRINGTON T C. Measuring Nonresponse Bias in Customer Service Mail Surveys[J]. Journal of Business Logistics, 1990,11(2):5.
[52] BARON R M, KENNY D A. The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations.[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986, 51(6): 1173-1182.
[53] THOMKE S, FUJIMOTO T. The Effect of ‘Front-Loading’ Problem-Solving on Product Development Performance[J]. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 2000, 17(2): 128-142.
[54] MCEVILY B, MARCUS A. Embedded Ties and the Acquisition of Competitive Capabilities[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2005, 26(11): 1033-1055.
[2] CHESBROUGH H. The Logic of Open Innovation: Managing Intellectual Property[J]. California Management Review, 2003, 45(3): 33-58.
[3] GRANOVETTER M. Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness[J]. American Journal of Sociology, 1985, 91(3): 481-510.
[4] UZZI B. Social Structure and Competition in Interfirm Networks: The Paradox of Embeddedness[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1997, 42(1): 35.
[5] YIU D W, LAU C M, BRUTON G D. International Venturing by Emerging Economy Firms: The effects of firm capabilities, home country networks, and corporate entrepreneurship[J]. Journal of international business studies, 2007, 38(4): 519-540.
[6] 魏江, 徐蕾. 知识网络双重嵌入、 知识整合与集群企业创新能力[J]. 管理科学学报, 2014, 17(2): 34-47.
[7] KIM Y, LUI S S. The Impacts of External Network and Business Group on Innovation: Do the Types of Innovation Matter?[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2015, 68(9): 1964-1973.
[8] MCEVILY B, ZAHEER A. Bridging Ties: A Source of Firm Heterogeneity in Competitive Capabilities[J]. Strategic management journal, 1999, 20(12): 1133-1156.
[9] 庄晋财, 沙开庆, 程李梅, 等. 创业成长中双重网络嵌入的演化规律研究——以正泰集团和温氏集团为例[J]. 中国工业经济, 2012 (8): 122-134.
[10] 戴维奇, 林巧, 魏江. 集群内外网络嵌入与公司创业——基于浙江省四个产业集群的实证研究[J]. 科学学研究, 2011, 29(4): 571-581.
[11] 梁娟, 陈国宏. 多重网络嵌入与集群企业知识创造绩效研究[J]. 科学学研究, 2015 (1): 90-97.
[12] 张恒俊, 杨皎平. 双重网络嵌入、学习空间与集群企业技术创新的实证研究[J]. 研究与发展管理, 2015, 27(1): 51-60.
[13] 聂正安, 钟素芳. 知识转移, 网络嵌入与国际代工企业成长[J]. 经济地理, 2010 (6): 970-975.
[14] 王晓萍. GVC/NVC 双重网络嵌入中本土代工制造企业动态能力提升机制研究——基于组织学习的视角[J]. 科技管理研究, 2013, 33(1): 127-130.
[15] 丘海雄, 徐建牛. 产业集群技术创新中的地方政府行为[J]. 管理世界, 2004 (10): 36-46.
[16] 丘海雄, 崔强. 剖析集群创新——西樵纺织产业集群的案例研究[J]. 学术研究, 2004 (7): 25-31.
[17] BOUDREAU K, LAKHANI K. How to Manage Outside Innovation[J]. MIT Sloan management review, 2009, 50(4): 69.
[18] DYER J H. Specialized Supplier Networks As a Source of Competitive Advantage: Evidence From the Auto Industry[J]. Strategic management journal, 1996, 17(4): 271-291.
[19] DYER J H, Hatch N W. Relation-specific Capabilities and Barriers to Knowledge Transfers: Creating Advantage Through Network Relationships[J]. Strategic management journal, 2006, 27(8): 701-719.
[20] PULLES N J, VELDMAN J, SCHIELE H. Identifying Innovative Suppliers in Business Networks: An Empirical Study[J]. Industrial Marketing Management, 2014, 43(3): 409-418.
[21] SCHIELE H, VELDMAN J, HüTTINGER L. Supplier Innovativeness and Supplier Pricing: The Role of Preferred Customer Status[J]. International Journal of Innovation Management, 2011, 15(1): 1-27.
[22] GNYAWALI D R, PARK B J. Co-Opetition and Technological Innovation in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: A Multilevel Conceptual Model[J]. Journal of Small Business Management, 2009, 47(3): 308-330.
[23] URBAN G L, VON HIPPEL E. Lead User Analyses for the Development of New Industrial Products[J]. Management Science, 1988, 34(5): 569-582.
[24] 毛蕴诗, 温思雅. 系统观视角下的环保常态机制与企业竞争力提升研究——我国台湾地区的经验及启示[J]. 东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2012, 14(4): 23-28.
[25] LAURSEN K, SALTER A. Searching High and Low: What Types of Firms Use Universities as a Source of Innovation?[J]. Research Policy, 2004, 33(8): 1201-1215.
[26] UN C A, CUERVO-CAZURRA A, ASAKAWA K. R&D Collaborations and Product Innovation[J]. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 2010, 27(5): 673-689.
[27] FREEL M S, HARRISON R T. Innovation and Cooperation in the Small Firm Sector: Evidence from ‘Northern Britain’[J]. Regional Studies, 2006, 40(4): 289-305.
[28] 吴军民. 行业协会的组织运作:一种社会资本分析视角——以广东南海专业镇行业协会为例[J]. 管理世界, 2005(10): 50-57.
[29] FAEMS D, VAN LOOY B, DEBACKERE K. Interorganizational Collaboration and Innovation: Toward a Portfolio Approach[J]. J Product Innovation Man, 2005, 22(3): 238-250.
[30] HAMEL G. Competition for Competence and Interpartner Learning Within International Strategic Alliances[J]. Strategic management journal, 1991, 12(S1): 83-103.
[31] INKPEN A C, TSANG E W K. Social Capital, Networks, and Knowledge Transfer[J]. Academy of management review, 2005, 30(1): 146-165.
[32] ZAHRA S A, NIELSEN A P, BOGNER W C. Corporate Entrepreneurship, Knowledge, and Competence Development[J]. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 1999, 23(3): 169-189.
[33] WU S H, HSU F B. Towards a Knowledge-based View of OEM Relationship Building: Sharing of Industrial Experiences in Taiwan[J]. International Journal of Technology Management, 2001, 22(5-6): 503-524.
[34] RAGATZ G L, HANDFIELD R B, PETERSEN K J. Benefits Associated with Supplier Integration into New Product Development under Conditions of Technology Uncertainty[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2002, 55(5): 389-400.
[35] 李文鹣. 政府对中小企业创新的资助模式的中外比较分析[J]. 科技管理研究, 2005, 25(1): 94-98.
[36] 董芙蓉. 知识转移视角下的产学研联盟内在机理研究[J]. 东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2011, 13(S1): 84-86,92.
[37] 吴晓波, 高忠仕, 胡伊苹. 组织学习与知识转移效用的实证研究[J]. 科学学研究, 2009, 27(1): 101-110.
[38] 王生辉, 孙国辉. 全球价值链体系中的代工企业组织学习与产业升级[J]. 经济管理, 2009( 8): 39-44.
[39] 毛蕴诗, 温思雅. 企业渐进式升级、竞争优势与驱动因素研究[J]. 东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2014, 16(2): 31-40.
[40] 蔡莉, 单标安, 刘钊, 等. 创业网络对新企业绩效的影响研究——组织学习的中介作用[J]. 科学学研究, 2010, 28(10): 1592-1600.
[41] HUMPHREY J, SCHMITZ H. Governance and Upgrading: Linking Industrial Cluster and Global Value Chain Research[EB/OL].Brighton: University of Sussex, Institute of Development Studies Working Paper 120, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-287-655-3_38 [2000-0304].
[42] 毛蕴诗, 吴瑶. 企业升级路径与分析模式研究[J]. 中山大学学报 (社会科学版), 2009, 49(1): 178-186.
[43] 毛蕴诗, 刘富先, 李田. 企业升级路径测量量表开发[J]. 华南师范大学学报: 社会科学版, 2016 (3): 103-117.
[44] 李雪灵, 韩自然, 董保宝, 等. 获得式学习与新企业创业: 基于学习导向视角的实证研究[J]. 管理世界, 2013 (4): 94-106.
[45] 单标安, 蔡莉, 鲁喜凤, 等. 创业学习的内涵、维度及其测量[J]. 科学学研究, 2014, 32(12): 1867-1875.
[46] AHUJA G, LAMPERT C M, TANDON V. Moving Beyond Schumpeter: Management Research on the Determinants of Technological innovation[J]. Academy of Management annals, 2008, 2(1): 1-98.
[47] LEE C, LEE K, PENNINGS J M. Internal Capabilities, External networks, and Performance: a Study on Technology-based Ventures[J]. Strategic management journal, 2001, 22(6-7): 615-640.
[48] FRENZ M, IETTO-GILLIES G. The Impact on Innovation Performance of Different Sources of Knowledge: Evidence from the UK Community Innovation Survey[J]. Research Policy, 2009, 38(7): 1125-1135.
[49] ZAHRA S A, IRELAND R D, HITT M A. International Expansion by New Venture Firms: International Diversity, Mode of Market Entry, Technological Learning, and Performance.[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2000, 43(5): 925-950.
[50] ARMSTRONG J S, OVERTON T S. Estimating Nonresponse Bias in Mail Surveys[J]. Journal of Marketing Research, 1977, 14(3): 396.
[51] LAMBERT D M, HARRINGTON T C. Measuring Nonresponse Bias in Customer Service Mail Surveys[J]. Journal of Business Logistics, 1990,11(2):5.
[52] BARON R M, KENNY D A. The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations.[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986, 51(6): 1173-1182.
[53] THOMKE S, FUJIMOTO T. The Effect of ‘Front-Loading’ Problem-Solving on Product Development Performance[J]. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 2000, 17(2): 128-142.
[54] MCEVILY B, MARCUS A. Embedded Ties and the Acquisition of Competitive Capabilities[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2005, 26(11): 1033-1055.
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