淡水养殖环境中除草剂类农药残留量及风险分析
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摘要
为了解淡水养殖环境中除草剂类农药残留状况,分别在河南省采集养殖水体、养殖鱼体(鲫鱼、鳊鱼、鮰鱼、鲤鱼和鲢鱼)和养殖点底泥样品,采用气相色谱质谱联用法(GC-MS)对淡水养殖环境中的7种除草剂农药进行检测,并初步分析了其污染风险。研究结果显示,鱼类肌肉中阿特拉津、乙草胺、扑草津、利谷隆、丁草胺、丙草胺和除草醚几种除草剂均为未检出。在本次调查所采集的水体中,3个水样中阿特拉津均有检出,其浓度分别为0.170μg/L,0.148μg/L,0.182μg/L。在本次调查所采集的底泥样品中,1个底泥样品中丙草胺有检出,其它样品均未有除草剂农药残留。虽然水体中所检出阿特拉津的量远远低于EPA所规定的终身健康建议量,且在水产品中未有检出,但是其长期低剂量的暴露对水生生物、对人体的潜在危害不可忽视。
In order to study herbicides residue characteristics in freshwater aquaculture environment,samples of freshwater, sediments and fish(crucian carp, bream, catfish, carp and silver carp) were collected.Seven herbicides were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The residues and possible sources of herbicides in the aquaculture environment were analysed. The 7 herbicides were not detected in aquatic products. Atrazine was detected in three water samples but at low levels. The concentration of the atrazine was 0.170 μg/L,0.148 μg/L and 0.182 μg/L respectively. The orther herbicides were not detected in water samples. Pretilachlor was detected in one sediments samples. The orther herbicides were not detected in sediments. Although the amount of atrazine found in the water is far below the amount recommended by EPA for lifelong health and the herbicides investigated were not detected in fish muscle. However, its long-term exposure to low doses of aquatic organisms, the potential harm to the human body can not be ignored.
In order to study herbicides residue characteristics in freshwater aquaculture environment,samples of freshwater, sediments and fish(crucian carp, bream, catfish, carp and silver carp) were collected.Seven herbicides were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The residues and possible sources of herbicides in the aquaculture environment were analysed. The 7 herbicides were not detected in aquatic products. Atrazine was detected in three water samples but at low levels. The concentration of the atrazine was 0.170 μg/L,0.148 μg/L and 0.182 μg/L respectively. The orther herbicides were not detected in water samples. Pretilachlor was detected in one sediments samples. The orther herbicides were not detected in sediments. Although the amount of atrazine found in the water is far below the amount recommended by EPA for lifelong health and the herbicides investigated were not detected in fish muscle. However, its long-term exposure to low doses of aquatic organisms, the potential harm to the human body can not be ignored.
引文
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[10]郑关超,郭萌萌,赵春霞,等.环渤海地区养殖水产品中多环芳烃(PAHs)污染残留及健康风险评估[J].中国渔业质量与标准,2015,5(6):20-26.
[11]王建伟,张彩香,潘真真,等.江汉平原典型土壤环境中有机磷农药的分布特征及影响因素[J].环境科学,2017,4:1 597-1 605.
[12]赵李娜,赖子尼,李秀丽,等.珠江河口沉积物中拟除虫菊酯类农药污染及毒性评价[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(8):1 408-1 413.
[13]李宏园,马红,陶波.除草剂阿特拉津的生态风险分析与污染治理[J].东北农业大学学报,2006,37(4):552-556.
[14]任晋,蒋可,周怀东.官厅水库中阿特拉津残留的分析及污染来源[J].环境科学,2002,23(1):126-128.
[15]塔娜,冯建芳,孙成,等.太湖梅粱湾水体中阿特拉津的毛细管气相色谱法测定[J].环境污染与防治,2015,27(8):634-636.
[16]FISCHER-SCHERL T,VEESER A,HOFFMANN R W,et al.Morphological effects of acute and chronic atrazine exposure in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Arch Environ Contam Toxicol,1991,20(4):454-461.
[17]TISSEAU M A,FAUCHON N,VANDEVELDE T.Assessing pesticides contamination of the rivers in the Paris area[J].Annals of Otology Rhinology&Laryngology,1998,40(3):169-170.
[2]王丽娟.水环境中有机磷农药对水生动物和人类的影响及其检测[J].福建水产,2015,37(4):338-344.
[3]乔丹,刘小静,韩典峰,等.气相色谱-质谱法测定动物源性水产品中16种除草剂[J].渔业科学进展,2017,38(4):172-179.
[4]赵晨,彭书传,陈天虎,等.巢湖流域和太湖流域沉积物中苄氯菊酯和高效氰戊菊酯的生态风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(3):1 080-1 091.
[5]徐佳艳,彭自然,和庆,等.长三角地区池塘养殖水产品体内农药类污染与食用风险评价[J].生态毒理学报,2017,12(3):483-493.
[6]程波,柯常亮,李乐,等.卵形鲳鲹网箱养殖过程主要生长阶段DDTs残留特征及其来源分析[J].水产学报,2017,41(8):1 264-1 275.
[7]BISSON M,HONTELA A.Cytotoxic and endocrine-disrupting potential of atrazine,diazinon,endosulfan,and mancozeb in adrenocortical steroidogenic cells of Rainbow trout exposed in Vitro[J].Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology,2002,180(2):110-117.
[8]杨敏娜,周芳,孙成,等.长江江苏段有毒有机污染物的残留特征及来源分析[J].环境化学,2006,25(3):375-376.
[9]丁洋,黄焕芳,李绘,等.广州南沙红树林湿地水体和沉积物中有机氯农药的残留特征[J].环境科学,2017,38(4):1 431-1 441.
[10]郑关超,郭萌萌,赵春霞,等.环渤海地区养殖水产品中多环芳烃(PAHs)污染残留及健康风险评估[J].中国渔业质量与标准,2015,5(6):20-26.
[11]王建伟,张彩香,潘真真,等.江汉平原典型土壤环境中有机磷农药的分布特征及影响因素[J].环境科学,2017,4:1 597-1 605.
[12]赵李娜,赖子尼,李秀丽,等.珠江河口沉积物中拟除虫菊酯类农药污染及毒性评价[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(8):1 408-1 413.
[13]李宏园,马红,陶波.除草剂阿特拉津的生态风险分析与污染治理[J].东北农业大学学报,2006,37(4):552-556.
[14]任晋,蒋可,周怀东.官厅水库中阿特拉津残留的分析及污染来源[J].环境科学,2002,23(1):126-128.
[15]塔娜,冯建芳,孙成,等.太湖梅粱湾水体中阿特拉津的毛细管气相色谱法测定[J].环境污染与防治,2015,27(8):634-636.
[16]FISCHER-SCHERL T,VEESER A,HOFFMANN R W,et al.Morphological effects of acute and chronic atrazine exposure in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Arch Environ Contam Toxicol,1991,20(4):454-461.
[17]TISSEAU M A,FAUCHON N,VANDEVELDE T.Assessing pesticides contamination of the rivers in the Paris area[J].Annals of Otology Rhinology&Laryngology,1998,40(3):169-170.