防除马铃薯田阔叶杂草除草剂的筛选及对马铃薯安全性
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摘要
为了筛选出对马铃薯田阔叶杂草防效较高的药剂,选择7种目前常用的除草剂进行大田试验。试验结果表明,播后苗前土壤处理除草剂50%乙草胺EC、33%二甲戊灵EC、50%利谷隆WP和33%二甲戊灵EC+50%乙草胺EC,在3.75 L/hm2、4.5 L/hm2、4.5 kg/hm2和2.25 L/hm2+1.875 L/hm2剂量下,对马铃薯安全,且对阔叶杂草具有一定的防除效果,其中50%利谷隆WP具有显著防效,药后60 d对阔叶杂草的株防效和鲜重防效分别达到96.70%和98.34%;苗期茎叶处理除草剂56%2甲4氯钠盐WP、70%嗪草酮WP以及二者的配比混剂组合70%嗪草酮WP+56%2甲4氯钠盐WP,在1.8 kg/hm2、1.2 kg/hm2、0.45 kg/hm2+1.35 kg/hm2、1.05 kg/hm2+0.75 kg/hm2剂量下,对马铃薯安全,且对阔叶杂草具有较高防效,药后45 d株防效在71.21%~100.00%,鲜重防效在81.52%~100.00%。
Field trails were carried out with 7 currently commonly used herbicides in order to screen herbicides with high control efficiency on broadleaf weeds in potato fields. The results showed that when used as soil treatment herbicides, 50%acetochlor EC, 33% pendimethalin EC, 50% linuron WP and the mixture of 33% pendimethalin EC and 50% acetochlor EC were safe to potato and had a good control to broadleaf weeds 60 days after treatment at the dosages of 3.75 L/ha, 4.5 L/ha,4.5 kg/ha and 2.25 L/ha + 1.875 L/ha. Control efficiency of 50% linuron WP was significant for broadleaf weeds, and the plant and fresh weight control efficiency to broadleaf weeds reached up to 96.70% and 98.34%. The results also indicated that when used as stem-and leaf-treated herbicides, 56% MCPA-Na WP, 70% metribuzin WP and the mixture of 70%metribuzin WP + 56% MCPA-Na WP were safe to potato and had a good control efficiency to broadleaf weeds 45 days after treatment at the dosages of 1.8 kg/ha, 1.2 kg/ha, and 0.45 kg/ha + 1.35 kg/ha or 1.05 kg/ha + 0.75 kg/ha with the plant control efficiency being between 71.21% and 100.00%, and the fresh control efficiency being between 81.52% and 100.00%.
Field trails were carried out with 7 currently commonly used herbicides in order to screen herbicides with high control efficiency on broadleaf weeds in potato fields. The results showed that when used as soil treatment herbicides, 50%acetochlor EC, 33% pendimethalin EC, 50% linuron WP and the mixture of 33% pendimethalin EC and 50% acetochlor EC were safe to potato and had a good control to broadleaf weeds 60 days after treatment at the dosages of 3.75 L/ha, 4.5 L/ha,4.5 kg/ha and 2.25 L/ha + 1.875 L/ha. Control efficiency of 50% linuron WP was significant for broadleaf weeds, and the plant and fresh weight control efficiency to broadleaf weeds reached up to 96.70% and 98.34%. The results also indicated that when used as stem-and leaf-treated herbicides, 56% MCPA-Na WP, 70% metribuzin WP and the mixture of 70%metribuzin WP + 56% MCPA-Na WP were safe to potato and had a good control efficiency to broadleaf weeds 45 days after treatment at the dosages of 1.8 kg/ha, 1.2 kg/ha, and 0.45 kg/ha + 1.35 kg/ha or 1.05 kg/ha + 0.75 kg/ha with the plant control efficiency being between 71.21% and 100.00%, and the fresh control efficiency being between 81.52% and 100.00%.
引文
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[2]谢从华.马铃薯产业的现状与发展[J].华中农业大学学报:社会科学版,2012(1):1-4.
[3]周晓倩,扈保杰,李雪梅.北方地区马铃薯田应用化学除草剂的研究[J].农业与技术,2006,26(4):85-86.
[4]杨春.马铃薯苗后除草剂的筛选[J].陕西农业科学,2011(2):271-273.
[5]苏少泉.中国马铃薯生产与除草剂使用[J].世界农药,2009,31(1):4-6.
[6]桑芝萍,孙建东,姜海平.地膜马铃薯田的杂草发生与防除[J].植物保护,2000,26(2):30-32.
[7]宁娜,姚满生,郭平毅,等.乙草胺对马铃薯田杂草防除试验研究[J].山西农业大学学报:自然科学版,2012,32(5):433-436.
[8]李玉奇,牛树君,刘敏艳,等.除草剂对胡麻田大麦、稷(糜子)的防除效果[J].植物保护,2014,40(1):196-199.
[9]刘向东.25%砜嘧磺隆水分散粒剂防除马铃薯田杂草田间药效试验[J].现代农业科技,2013(22):113.
[10]路兴涛,张田田,张勇,等.砜嘧磺隆的除草活性及对马铃薯的安全性[J].农药,2011,50(11):845-847.
[11]姚满生,石志达,郭万国,等.土壤处理与茎叶处理防除马铃薯田杂草的比较试验[J].中国马铃薯,2009,23(2):90-91.