含初始损伤大理岩的时效变形与破坏试验研究
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摘要
为研究大型地下洞室在持续的多次开挖卸荷和复杂应力重分布过程中损伤围岩的时效变形和破坏特性,针对现有岩石流变或时效破坏试验研究未充分考虑试样初始损伤的不足,通过预加载的方式对大理岩构造初始损伤,结合声发射对含初始损伤大理岩进行单轴压缩时效变形和破坏试验及裂纹扩展观测分析,同时对比开展含初始损伤大理岩和完整大理岩的蠕变试验研究。结果表明:1)含初始损伤大理岩单轴压缩时效破坏没有明显的应力峰值点;当临近破坏停止加载保持应力恒定后,其环向应变的增长幅度远大于轴向应变的增长幅度。同步声发射监测揭示体应变的拐点是含初始损伤样发生破坏的先兆。2)三轴蠕变试验中含初始损伤大理岩的轴向和径向应变均大于完整大理岩的轴向和径向应变,体应变结果分析显示含初始损伤大理岩在加载初期即出现体积扩容。3)随着围压的升高无损伤大理岩仍发生剪切型脆性破坏,含初始损伤大理岩从脆性破坏向延性破坏转化,最终呈现"X"型共轭剪切鼓胀破坏。试验研究结果有力地表明含初始损伤大理岩的时效变形与破坏特性不同于完整大理岩,其对更加合理地分析地下洞室长期稳定性具有重要的借鉴意义。
In order to research the time-dependent deformation and failure properties of damage surrounding rock in the process of excavation and under continuous complex loading, a marble was initially damaged by preloading, and uniaxial aging damage compression test combined with acoustic emission and crack propagation analysis were conducted on original damage marble, comparative study on triaxial creep test between initial damage marble and complete one was executed. The results shows that initial damage marble has no apparent stress peaks under uniaxial aging damage compression, keeping stress constant when near to failure, the ring strain amplitude is much greater than the growth of axial strain.Synchronous acoustic emission monitoring revealed that volumetric strain inflection points is the forerunner of the initial damage damage occurred. Both axial and radial strains of initial damage marble are greater than the complete marble under triaxial creep test. Volumetric strain analysis showed that the initial damage marble appears volumetric dilatation at the beginning of the load. With the increase of confining pressure complete marble still come up shear brittle failure, while the initial damage marble transform from brittle to ductile, finally presented the "X" type conjugate shear ballooning failure. The results strongly suggested that the deformation and failure of damaged marble are different from the complete one,which could also provide important guiding significance for the theoretical analysis and the long-term stability of large cavities.
In order to research the time-dependent deformation and failure properties of damage surrounding rock in the process of excavation and under continuous complex loading, a marble was initially damaged by preloading, and uniaxial aging damage compression test combined with acoustic emission and crack propagation analysis were conducted on original damage marble, comparative study on triaxial creep test between initial damage marble and complete one was executed. The results shows that initial damage marble has no apparent stress peaks under uniaxial aging damage compression, keeping stress constant when near to failure, the ring strain amplitude is much greater than the growth of axial strain.Synchronous acoustic emission monitoring revealed that volumetric strain inflection points is the forerunner of the initial damage damage occurred. Both axial and radial strains of initial damage marble are greater than the complete marble under triaxial creep test. Volumetric strain analysis showed that the initial damage marble appears volumetric dilatation at the beginning of the load. With the increase of confining pressure complete marble still come up shear brittle failure, while the initial damage marble transform from brittle to ductile, finally presented the "X" type conjugate shear ballooning failure. The results strongly suggested that the deformation and failure of damaged marble are different from the complete one,which could also provide important guiding significance for the theoretical analysis and the long-term stability of large cavities.
引文
[1]孙钧.岩土材料流变及其工程应用[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999.
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[7]Lu Bo,Wang Jimin,Ding Xiuli,et al.Study of deformation and cracking mechanism of surrounding rock of Jinping I underground powerhouse[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(12):2429-2441.[卢波,王继敏,丁秀丽,等.锦屏一级水电站地下厂房围岩开裂变形机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(12):2429-2441.]
[8]Pei Xiangjun,Huang Runqiu,Li Zhengbing,et al.Research on grouting reinforcement of unloading fractured loose rock mass in left bank of Jinping I hydropower station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(2):284-288.[裴向军,黄润秋,李正兵,等.锦屏一级水电站左岸卸荷拉裂松弛岩体灌浆加固研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(2):284-288.]
[9]Ling Jianming,Sun Jun.On mesocrack damage of brittle rocks and its time dependent characteristics[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1993,12(4):304-312.[凌建明,孙钧.脆性岩石的细观裂纹损伤及其时效特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1993,12(4):304-312.]
[10]Liu Quansheng,Xu Xichang,Yamaguchi Tsutomo,et al.Testing study of mechanical properties of the Three Gorges granite concerning temperature and time[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(5):715-719.[刘泉声,许锡昌,山口勉,等.三峡花岗岩与温度及时间相关的力学性质试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(5):715-719.]
[11]Huang Shuling,Feng Xiating,Zhou Hui,et al.Study of aging failure mechanics and triaxial compression creep experiments with water pressure coupled stress of brittle rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(11):3441-3446.[黄书岭,冯夏庭,周辉,等.水压和应力耦合下脆性岩石蠕变与破坏时效机制研究[J].岩土力学,2010,3 1(11):3441-3446.]
[12]Zhou Guanglei,Xu Tao,Zhu Wancheng,et al.A time-dependent thermo-mechanical creep model of rock[J].Engineering Mechanics,2017,34(10):1-9.[周广磊,徐涛,朱万成,等.基于温度-应力耦合作用的岩石时效蠕变模型[J].工程力学,2017,34(10):1-9.]
[13]Yang Yanyi.The underlying relationship between nonlinear rheological property of fissured rocks and damage development[J].Engineering Mechanics,1994,11(2):81-90.[杨延毅.裂隙岩体非线性流变性态与裂隙损伤扩展过程关系研究[J].工程力学,1994,11(2):81-90.]
[14]Chen Youliang,Sun Jun.Creep fracture of rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1996,15(4):323-327.[陈有亮,孙钧.岩石的流变断裂特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(4):323-327.]
[15]Jin Fengnian,Pu Kuiying.Simulation of crack extension in three-point-bending creep test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1997,16(1):51-58.[金丰年,浦奎英.三点弯曲蠕变试验中裂缝扩展的有限元计算分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(1):51-58.]
[16]Xiao Hongtian,Zhou Weiyuan,Yang Ruoqiong.Mesoscopic analysis of rheological growth of rock cracks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(6):623-626.[肖洪天,周维垣,杨若琼.岩石裂纹流变扩展的细观机理分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(6):623-626.]
[17]Yang Songlin,Xu Weiya,Zhang Guijin.Stability criterion for fracture creep[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(3):423-127.[杨松林,徐卫亚,张贵金.裂隙蠕变的稳定性准则[J].岩土力学,2003,24(3):423-427.]
[18]Pan Pengzhi,Feng Xiating,Shen Linfang,et al.Study of anisotropic creep behavior of fractured granite[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(1):36-44.[潘鹏志,冯夏庭,申林方,等.裂隙花岗岩各向异性蠕变特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(1):36-44.]
[19]Martin C D,Christiansson R,Soderhall J.Rock stability considerations for siting and constructing a KBS-3 repository[R].Stockholm:Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co,2001.
[20]Li Tingchun,Lyu Haibo.CT real-time scanning tests on single crack propagation under triaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(2):289-296.[李廷春,吕海波.三轴压缩载荷作用下单裂隙扩展的CT实时扫描试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(2):289-296.]
[21]Zhu Hongguang,Xie Heping,Yi Cheng,et al.CT identification of microcracks evolution for rock materials[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(6):1230-1238.[朱红光,谢和平,易成,等.岩石材料微裂隙演化的CT识别[J].岩石力学与工程学报,201 1,30(6):1230-1238.]
[22]Sano O,Ito I,Terada M.Influence of strain rate on dilatancy and strength of Oshima granite under uniaxial compression[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,1981,B10:9299-9311.
[23]Sano O,Terada M,Ehara S.A study on the time-dependent microfracturing and strength of Oshima granite[J].Tectonophyics,1982,84(2):343-362.
[24]Kranz R L,Scholz C H.Critical dilatant volume of rocks at the onset of Tertiary creep[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1977,82(6):4893-4898.
[25]谢和平.分形-岩石力学导论[M].北京:科学出版社,1996.
[26]Zhang Ru,Xie Heping,Liu Jianfeng,et al.Experimental study on acoustic emission characteristic of rock failure under uniaxial multilevel loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(12):2584-2588.[张茹,谢和平,刘建峰,等.单轴多级加载岩石破坏声发射特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(12):2584-2588.]
[2]Huang Runqiu,Huang Da,Duan Shaohui,et al.Geomechanics mechanism and characteristics of surrounding rock mass deformation failure in construction phase for underground powerhouse of Jinping I hydropower station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(1):23-35.[黄润秋,黄达,段绍辉,等.锦屏I级水电站地下厂房施工期围岩变形开裂特征及地质力学机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(1):23-35.]
[3]Ding Xiuli,Dong Zhihong,Lu Bo,et al.Deformation charactistics and feedback analysis of surrounding rock of large underground powerhouse excavated in steeply dipped sedimentary rock strata[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(10):2019-2026.[丁秀丽,董志宏,卢波,等.陡倾角沉积岩地层中大型地下厂房开挖围岩失稳特征和反馈分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(10):2019-2026.]
[4]Zhang Yong,Xiao Pingxi,Ding Xiuli,et al.Study on deformation and failure characteristics for surrounding rocks of underground powerhouse caverns under high geostress condition and countermeaasures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(2):228-244.[张勇,肖平西,丁秀丽,等.高地应力条件下地下厂房洞室群围岩的变形破坏特征及对策研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(2):228-244.]
[5]Shao Shuai,Yang Xingguo,Huang Cheng,et al.Failure modes analysis and control measures for surrounding rock mass in fracture zone of tunnel[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,2017,49(Supp 1):72-80.[邵帅,杨兴国,黄成,等.隧洞破碎带围岩失稳破坏模式及控制措施研究[J].工程科学与技术,2017,49(增刊1):72-80.]
[6]Li Zhongkui,Zhou Zhong,Tang Xuefeng,et al.Stability analysis and considerations of underground powerhouse caverns group of Jinping I hydropower station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(11):2167-2174.[李仲奎,周钟,汤雪峰,等.锦屏一级水电站地下厂房洞室群稳定性分析与思考[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(11):2167-2174.]
[7]Lu Bo,Wang Jimin,Ding Xiuli,et al.Study of deformation and cracking mechanism of surrounding rock of Jinping I underground powerhouse[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(12):2429-2441.[卢波,王继敏,丁秀丽,等.锦屏一级水电站地下厂房围岩开裂变形机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(12):2429-2441.]
[8]Pei Xiangjun,Huang Runqiu,Li Zhengbing,et al.Research on grouting reinforcement of unloading fractured loose rock mass in left bank of Jinping I hydropower station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(2):284-288.[裴向军,黄润秋,李正兵,等.锦屏一级水电站左岸卸荷拉裂松弛岩体灌浆加固研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(2):284-288.]
[9]Ling Jianming,Sun Jun.On mesocrack damage of brittle rocks and its time dependent characteristics[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1993,12(4):304-312.[凌建明,孙钧.脆性岩石的细观裂纹损伤及其时效特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1993,12(4):304-312.]
[10]Liu Quansheng,Xu Xichang,Yamaguchi Tsutomo,et al.Testing study of mechanical properties of the Three Gorges granite concerning temperature and time[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(5):715-719.[刘泉声,许锡昌,山口勉,等.三峡花岗岩与温度及时间相关的力学性质试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(5):715-719.]
[11]Huang Shuling,Feng Xiating,Zhou Hui,et al.Study of aging failure mechanics and triaxial compression creep experiments with water pressure coupled stress of brittle rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(11):3441-3446.[黄书岭,冯夏庭,周辉,等.水压和应力耦合下脆性岩石蠕变与破坏时效机制研究[J].岩土力学,2010,3 1(11):3441-3446.]
[12]Zhou Guanglei,Xu Tao,Zhu Wancheng,et al.A time-dependent thermo-mechanical creep model of rock[J].Engineering Mechanics,2017,34(10):1-9.[周广磊,徐涛,朱万成,等.基于温度-应力耦合作用的岩石时效蠕变模型[J].工程力学,2017,34(10):1-9.]
[13]Yang Yanyi.The underlying relationship between nonlinear rheological property of fissured rocks and damage development[J].Engineering Mechanics,1994,11(2):81-90.[杨延毅.裂隙岩体非线性流变性态与裂隙损伤扩展过程关系研究[J].工程力学,1994,11(2):81-90.]
[14]Chen Youliang,Sun Jun.Creep fracture of rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1996,15(4):323-327.[陈有亮,孙钧.岩石的流变断裂特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(4):323-327.]
[15]Jin Fengnian,Pu Kuiying.Simulation of crack extension in three-point-bending creep test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1997,16(1):51-58.[金丰年,浦奎英.三点弯曲蠕变试验中裂缝扩展的有限元计算分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(1):51-58.]
[16]Xiao Hongtian,Zhou Weiyuan,Yang Ruoqiong.Mesoscopic analysis of rheological growth of rock cracks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(6):623-626.[肖洪天,周维垣,杨若琼.岩石裂纹流变扩展的细观机理分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(6):623-626.]
[17]Yang Songlin,Xu Weiya,Zhang Guijin.Stability criterion for fracture creep[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(3):423-127.[杨松林,徐卫亚,张贵金.裂隙蠕变的稳定性准则[J].岩土力学,2003,24(3):423-427.]
[18]Pan Pengzhi,Feng Xiating,Shen Linfang,et al.Study of anisotropic creep behavior of fractured granite[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(1):36-44.[潘鹏志,冯夏庭,申林方,等.裂隙花岗岩各向异性蠕变特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(1):36-44.]
[19]Martin C D,Christiansson R,Soderhall J.Rock stability considerations for siting and constructing a KBS-3 repository[R].Stockholm:Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co,2001.
[20]Li Tingchun,Lyu Haibo.CT real-time scanning tests on single crack propagation under triaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(2):289-296.[李廷春,吕海波.三轴压缩载荷作用下单裂隙扩展的CT实时扫描试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(2):289-296.]
[21]Zhu Hongguang,Xie Heping,Yi Cheng,et al.CT identification of microcracks evolution for rock materials[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(6):1230-1238.[朱红光,谢和平,易成,等.岩石材料微裂隙演化的CT识别[J].岩石力学与工程学报,201 1,30(6):1230-1238.]
[22]Sano O,Ito I,Terada M.Influence of strain rate on dilatancy and strength of Oshima granite under uniaxial compression[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,1981,B10:9299-9311.
[23]Sano O,Terada M,Ehara S.A study on the time-dependent microfracturing and strength of Oshima granite[J].Tectonophyics,1982,84(2):343-362.
[24]Kranz R L,Scholz C H.Critical dilatant volume of rocks at the onset of Tertiary creep[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1977,82(6):4893-4898.
[25]谢和平.分形-岩石力学导论[M].北京:科学出版社,1996.
[26]Zhang Ru,Xie Heping,Liu Jianfeng,et al.Experimental study on acoustic emission characteristic of rock failure under uniaxial multilevel loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(12):2584-2588.[张茹,谢和平,刘建峰,等.单轴多级加载岩石破坏声发射特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(12):2584-2588.]
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