基于干燥均匀性的真空脉动干燥加热控制技术
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摘要
为解决真空脉动干燥中加热板差异和气流扰动引起的物料干燥不均匀问题,设计了基于过零触发控制的加热板辐射强度控制硬件电路,将PID控制理论和离群点检测方法相结合,提出了加热板温度离群点优化积分分离PID控制策略,以含水率均匀一致的面片作为试验原料,以干燥均匀度为考核指标,对控制系统的控制效果进行试验验证。试验结果表明:该控制系统可以有效缩小不同加热板间的辐射强度差异,平均温度控制精度±0. 8℃,初始阶段调节时间120 s,在受到气流扰动干扰后能够迅速恢复;在干燥均匀性方面,离群点优化PID控制优于独立PID控制和整体PID控制,可以减小气流扰动对干燥整体均匀性的影响,面片干燥均匀度由90%左右提高到95%以上。
In order to solve the problem of non-uniformity of material drying caused by difference of heating plate and disturbance of air flow in vacuum pulse drying,a hardware circuit for controlling radiation intensity of heating plate based on zero-crossing trigger control was designed. The control circuit was designed as daisy-chaining connection mode to facilitate installation and expansion. Combining the theory of PID control with outlier detection method in data mining technology,an integral separation PID control strategy for temperature outlier optimization of heating plate was proposed. The control effect of the control system was validated by using the uniform moisture content of the patches as the test material and the uniformity of drying as the evaluation index. The experimental results show that the control system can effectively reduce the difference of radiation intensity between different heating plates. The average temperature control accuracy was ± 0. 8℃ and the initial transient time was 120s. The surface temperature of heating plate can recover quickly after disturbed by air flow disturbance. In terms of drying uniformity,the outlier optimization integral separation PID control was superior to the heating plate independent PID control and the heating plates whole PID control. It can reduce the influence of air disturbance on drying uniformity and improve the drying uniformity of the patches from 90% to more than 95%.
In order to solve the problem of non-uniformity of material drying caused by difference of heating plate and disturbance of air flow in vacuum pulse drying,a hardware circuit for controlling radiation intensity of heating plate based on zero-crossing trigger control was designed. The control circuit was designed as daisy-chaining connection mode to facilitate installation and expansion. Combining the theory of PID control with outlier detection method in data mining technology,an integral separation PID control strategy for temperature outlier optimization of heating plate was proposed. The control effect of the control system was validated by using the uniform moisture content of the patches as the test material and the uniformity of drying as the evaluation index. The experimental results show that the control system can effectively reduce the difference of radiation intensity between different heating plates. The average temperature control accuracy was ± 0. 8℃ and the initial transient time was 120s. The surface temperature of heating plate can recover quickly after disturbed by air flow disturbance. In terms of drying uniformity,the outlier optimization integral separation PID control was superior to the heating plate independent PID control and the heating plates whole PID control. It can reduce the influence of air disturbance on drying uniformity and improve the drying uniformity of the patches from 90% to more than 95%.
引文
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[19]张仲欣,赵永玲,张玉先.横流循环式烘干机气流分布均匀性的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2001,17(6):17-21.ZHANG Zhongxin,ZHAO Yongling,ZHANG Yuxian.Experimental research on the airflow distribution uniformity in material layers of crossflow recirculating drier[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2001,17(6):17-21.(in Chinese)
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[21]张卫鹏.茯苓真空脉动干燥技术适应性及干燥特性研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2018.ZHANG Weipeng.The adaptability and drying characteristics of pulsed vacuum drying technology for poria cocos[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2018.(in Chinese)
[22]薛令阳,王书茂,高振江,等.真空干燥过程中物料质量在线测量设备设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(9):326-337.XUE Lingyang,WANG Shumao,GAO Zhenjiang,et al.On-line measurement of material quality in vacuum drying process[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(9):326-337.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20180938&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.09.038.(in Chinese)
[23]MORTAZA A,SOLEIMAN H,MUJUMDAR A S.Application of artificial neural networks(ANNs)in drying technology:a comprehensive review[J].Drying Technology,2015,33(12):1397-1462.
[24]潘忠礼,ATUNGULU G G,马海乐,等.食品和农产品干燥的一种有效方法:红外加热法[J].干燥技术与设备,2013,11(1):61-66.PAN Zhongli,ATUNGULU G G,MA Haile,et al.Infrared heating as an efficient method for drying foods and agricultural products[J].Drying Technology&Equipment,2013,11(1):61-66.(in Chinese)
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[26]赵举廉.红外加热干燥机理探讨[J].红外技术,1985,7(1):12-15.
[27]李树君,林亚玲,潘忠礼.红外技术用于农产品灭酶和脱水干燥的研究综述[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(6):109-112.LI Shujun,LIN Yaling,PAN Zhongli.Investigation of infrared technology on blanching and dehydration of farm products[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2008,39(6):109-112.(in Chinese)
[28]侯兰田,汤大新,李玉润.木材的红外光谱和非匹配吸收干燥机理研究[J].红外与毫米波学报,1983,2(1):1-7.HOU Lantian,TANG Daxin,LI Yurun.Investigation on infrared spectroscopy and non-matching absorption of wood for infrared radiation[J].Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves,1983,2(1):1-7.(in Chinese)
[29]韩家炜,MICHELINE K,裴健.数据挖掘:概念与技术[M].3版.范明,孟小峰,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2012.
[30]RICHARD C D,ROBERT H B.现代控制系统[M].12版.谢红卫,孙志强,译.北京:电子工业出版社,2015.
[31]国家卫生和计划生育委员会.GB5009.3-2016食品安全国家标准食品中水分的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.
[2]王栋.基于多参数监控的真空脉动干燥过程研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.WANG Dong.Study on optimization of sectional pulsed vacuum drying process based on multi-parameter monitoring[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
[3]曹志向,高振江,林海.滚筒式真空脉动压干燥胡萝卜丁试验研究[J].食品科技,2009,34(3):81-85.CAO Zhixiang,GAO Zhenjiang,LIN Hai.Experimental investigation of roller vacuum pulsating pressure carrots drying[J].Food and Technology,2009,34(3):81-85.(in Chinese)
[4]白竣文,王吉亮,肖红伟,等.基于Weibull分布函数的葡萄干燥过程模拟及应用[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(16):278-285.BAI Junwen,WANG Jiliang,XIAO Hongwei,et al.Weibull distribution for modeling drying of grapes and its application[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(16):278-285.(in Chinese)
[5]方小明,张晓琳,王军,等.荷花粉真空脉动干燥特性和干燥品质[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(10):287-295.FANG Xiaoming,ZHANG Xiaolin,WANG Jun,et al.Vacuum plused drying characteristics and quality of lotus pollen[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(10):287-295.(in Chinese)
[6]白竣文,周存山,蔡健荣,等.南瓜片真空脉动干燥特性及含水率预测[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(17):290-297.BAI Junwen,ZHOU Cunshan,CAI Jianrong,et al.Vacuum pulse drying characteristics and moisturecontent prediction of pumpkin slices[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(17):290-297.(in Chinese)
[7]乔宏柱,高振江,王军,等.大蒜真空脉动干燥工艺参数优化[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(5):256-263.QIAO Hongzhu,GAO Zhenjiang,WANG Jun,et al.Optimization of vacuum pulsed drying process of garlic[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2018,34(5):256-263.(in Chinese)
[8]钱婧雅,张茜,王军,等.三种干燥技术对红枣脆片干燥特性和品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(17):259-265.QIAN Jingya,ZHANG Qian,WANG Jun,et al.Effects of three drying technologies on drying characte ristics and quality attributes of jujube crisps[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(17):259-265.(in Chinese)
[9]XIE Long,MUJUMDAR A S,FANG Xiaoming,et al.Far-infrared radiation heating assisted pulsed vacuum drying(FIR-PVD)of wolfberry(Lycium barbarum L.):effects on drying kinetics and quality attributes[J].Food and Bioproducts Processing,2017,102:320-331.
[10]WANG Jun,LAW C L,NEMA P K,et al.Pulsed vacuum drying enhances drying kinetics and quality of lemon slices[J].Journal of Food Engineering,2018,224:129-138.
[11]WANG Jun,MU Weisong,FANG Xiaoming,et al.Pulsed vacuum drying of Thompson seedless grape:effects of berry ripeness on physicochemical properties and drying characteristic[J].Food and Bioproducts Processing,2018,106:117-126.
[12]杨丽丽,马奇虎,李重,等.枸杞真空脉动干燥工艺优化研究[J].食品工业,2018,39(11):74-77.YANG Lili,MA Qihu,LI Zhong,et al.Technology optimization of goji berry undergoing pulsed vacuum drying[J].The Food Industry,2018,39(11):74-77.(in Chinese)
[13]CHAO Jia,LI Wang,GUO Wei,et al.Effect of swing temperature and alternating airflow on drying uniformity in deep-bed wheat drying[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,106:774-783.
[14]张航,邓胜祥.基于Shannon-Wiener指数的干燥过程中物料含水率均匀性计算及验证[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(20):290-297.ZHANG Hang,DENG Shengxiang.Calculation and validation of moisture uniformity in drying process based on ShannonWiener index[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(20):290-297.(in Chinese)
[15]WANG S,LUECHAPATTANAPORN K,TANG J.Experimental methods for evaluating heating uniformity in radio frequency systems[J].Biosystem Engineering,2008,100(1):58-65.
[16]王顺民,胡志超,韩永斌,等.微波干燥均匀性研究进展[J].食品科学,2014,35(17):297-300.WANG Shunmin,HU Zhichao,HAN Yongbin,et al.A review of the application of microwave drying:improvement of heating uniformity[J].Food Science,2014,35(17):297-300.(in Chinese)
[17]王海鸥,胡志超,屠康,等.微波施加方式对微波冷冻干燥均匀性的影响试验[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(5):131-135,170.WANG Haiou,HU Zhichao,TU Kang,et al.Effects on microwave vacuum freeze drying uniformity contributed by microwave loading methods[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(5):131-135,170.(in Chinese)
[18]代建武,肖红伟,白竣文,等.气体射流冲击干燥机气流分配室流场模拟与结构优化[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(3):69-76,295.DAI Jianwu,XIAO Hongwei,BAI Junwen,et al.Numerical simulation and optimum design on airflow distribution chamber of air-impingement jet dryer[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(3):69-76,295.(in Chinese)
[19]张仲欣,赵永玲,张玉先.横流循环式烘干机气流分布均匀性的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2001,17(6):17-21.ZHANG Zhongxin,ZHAO Yongling,ZHANG Yuxian.Experimental research on the airflow distribution uniformity in material layers of crossflow recirculating drier[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2001,17(6):17-21.(in Chinese)
[20]刘强,曹崇文.混流谷物干燥机沿通气盒纵向粮层气流分布均匀性的研究[J].农业工程学报,1994,10(1):76-82.LIU Qiang,CAO Chongwen.Study on air distribution uniformity in grain bed along longitudinal direction of air duct in mixed flow grain dryer[J].Transactions of the CSAE,1994,10(1):76-82.(in Chinese)
[21]张卫鹏.茯苓真空脉动干燥技术适应性及干燥特性研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2018.ZHANG Weipeng.The adaptability and drying characteristics of pulsed vacuum drying technology for poria cocos[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2018.(in Chinese)
[22]薛令阳,王书茂,高振江,等.真空干燥过程中物料质量在线测量设备设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(9):326-337.XUE Lingyang,WANG Shumao,GAO Zhenjiang,et al.On-line measurement of material quality in vacuum drying process[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(9):326-337.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20180938&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.09.038.(in Chinese)
[23]MORTAZA A,SOLEIMAN H,MUJUMDAR A S.Application of artificial neural networks(ANNs)in drying technology:a comprehensive review[J].Drying Technology,2015,33(12):1397-1462.
[24]潘忠礼,ATUNGULU G G,马海乐,等.食品和农产品干燥的一种有效方法:红外加热法[J].干燥技术与设备,2013,11(1):61-66.PAN Zhongli,ATUNGULU G G,MA Haile,et al.Infrared heating as an efficient method for drying foods and agricultural products[J].Drying Technology&Equipment,2013,11(1):61-66.(in Chinese)
[25]杨丽君.远红外加热工作波段及辐射源温度的选择[J].红外技术,1997,19(3):47-48.YANG Lijun.The choice of IR source waveband and temperature for heating[J].Infrared Technology,1997,19(3):47-48.(in Chinese)
[26]赵举廉.红外加热干燥机理探讨[J].红外技术,1985,7(1):12-15.
[27]李树君,林亚玲,潘忠礼.红外技术用于农产品灭酶和脱水干燥的研究综述[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(6):109-112.LI Shujun,LIN Yaling,PAN Zhongli.Investigation of infrared technology on blanching and dehydration of farm products[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2008,39(6):109-112.(in Chinese)
[28]侯兰田,汤大新,李玉润.木材的红外光谱和非匹配吸收干燥机理研究[J].红外与毫米波学报,1983,2(1):1-7.HOU Lantian,TANG Daxin,LI Yurun.Investigation on infrared spectroscopy and non-matching absorption of wood for infrared radiation[J].Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves,1983,2(1):1-7.(in Chinese)
[29]韩家炜,MICHELINE K,裴健.数据挖掘:概念与技术[M].3版.范明,孟小峰,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2012.
[30]RICHARD C D,ROBERT H B.现代控制系统[M].12版.谢红卫,孙志强,译.北京:电子工业出版社,2015.
[31]国家卫生和计划生育委员会.GB5009.3-2016食品安全国家标准食品中水分的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.