天山北坡阜康市土壤侵蚀区域分异特征及防治重点
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摘要
土壤侵蚀具有显著的区域分异性,研究土壤侵蚀分异特征对指导区域水土流失防治具有重要意义。文中以天山北坡阜康市为对象,通过综合评判法、空间叠置及地统计等方法,分析土壤侵蚀及主要影响因子空间分异特征,开展水土保持区域布局,划定重点防治范围与对象。结果如下:(1)土壤侵蚀及其影响因子空间分异明显,自然因素是产生土壤侵蚀区域分异的先决条件,人为活动的差异进一步加剧了土壤侵蚀区域分异。(2)区域内土壤侵蚀强度以中度-轻度为主,北部沙漠区以中度风蚀为主,中部平原区为轻度风水复合侵蚀,南部山丘区以中度水蚀为主;土壤侵蚀面积占土地总面积75.35%。(3)划分了北部沙漠防风固沙-生态维护区、中部平原农田防护-人居环境维护区、南部山地水源涵养-生态维护区3个水土保持分区;确定了7片重点防治范围、2448.71km~2的重点防治面积。研究成果可为天山北坡水土流失防治提供技术支撑,为新疆区域水土保持生态环境建设提供科学依据。
Soil erosion has significant regional variability, and the study of soil erosion differentiation is of great importance to the prevention and control of regional water and soil loss. The article takes Fukang city at the northern foot of Tianshan Mountains as the object, the characteristics of soil erosion and spatial differentiation of main influencing factors were analyzed by means of comprehensive evaluation, spatial superposition and geostatistics. The regional layout of soil and water conservation was carried out, and the scope and object of key prevention and control were delineated. The conclusions are as follows:(1) Natural factors are the preconditions for regional differentiation of soil erosion; the spatial variation of soil erosion factors was significant, and differences in human activities further aggravate regional differences in soil erosion.(2) The intensity of soil erosion in the region is mainly mild to moderate. The northern desert area mainly belongs moderate wind erosion, the central plain area mainly mild composite erosion, and the southern hilly area mainly moderate water erosion. The soil erosion area accounts for 75.35% of total area.(3) Three water and soil conservation zones were divided, they are the north desert wind-proof and sand-fixation and ecological maintenance zones, the central plain farmland protection and residential environment maintenance zones, and the south mountains water conservation and ecological maintenance zones. Seven key prevention and control areas and objects have been determined, and the key control area is 2448.70 km~2. The research results can provide technical support for the prevention and control of soil erosion in the northern foot of Tianshan Mountains and scientific basis for the construction of ecological environment for soil and water conservation in Xinjiang region.
Soil erosion has significant regional variability, and the study of soil erosion differentiation is of great importance to the prevention and control of regional water and soil loss. The article takes Fukang city at the northern foot of Tianshan Mountains as the object, the characteristics of soil erosion and spatial differentiation of main influencing factors were analyzed by means of comprehensive evaluation, spatial superposition and geostatistics. The regional layout of soil and water conservation was carried out, and the scope and object of key prevention and control were delineated. The conclusions are as follows:(1) Natural factors are the preconditions for regional differentiation of soil erosion; the spatial variation of soil erosion factors was significant, and differences in human activities further aggravate regional differences in soil erosion.(2) The intensity of soil erosion in the region is mainly mild to moderate. The northern desert area mainly belongs moderate wind erosion, the central plain area mainly mild composite erosion, and the southern hilly area mainly moderate water erosion. The soil erosion area accounts for 75.35% of total area.(3) Three water and soil conservation zones were divided, they are the north desert wind-proof and sand-fixation and ecological maintenance zones, the central plain farmland protection and residential environment maintenance zones, and the south mountains water conservation and ecological maintenance zones. Seven key prevention and control areas and objects have been determined, and the key control area is 2448.70 km~2. The research results can provide technical support for the prevention and control of soil erosion in the northern foot of Tianshan Mountains and scientific basis for the construction of ecological environment for soil and water conservation in Xinjiang region.
引文
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[2]水利部、国家发改委、财政部,等.全国水土保持规划(2015-2030年)[Z].2015-12-15.
[3]史志刚.土壤侵蚀区域分异特征及治理模式研究[J].水土保持研究,1996,3(4):9-11,41.
[4]范昊明,王铁良,蔡强国,等.东北地区土壤侵蚀分异特征与分区治理模式研究[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(2):69-72.
[5]杨伟,李璐,郭文慧,等.基于土壤侵蚀综合指数的湖北省水土流失区域分异特征研究[J].亚热带水土保持,2015,27(1):1-5.
[6]蓝雪春,程岚.宁波市水土保持区划研究[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(1):141-147.
[7]王冰,胡续礼,徐志强,等.河流域水土保持监测分区[J].中国水土保持科学,2015,13(4):51-57.
[8]刘卉,齐实,张海龙.基于空间自相关法的水土保持区划研究-以东北黑土区为例[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(1):321-326.
[9]冯磊,王治国,孙保平,等.土保持功能的重要性评价与分区[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(4):16-21.
[10]朱艳艳,陈奇伯,赵成,等.新时期云南省水土流失综合防治区域布局[J].中国水土保持科学,2018,16(1):103-108.
[11]中国科学院地理研究所.中国1:1000000地貌图制图规范(试行)[M].北京:科学出版社,1987:1～44.
[12]昌吉回族自治州农业局.昌吉州土壤[M].新疆:新疆科技卫生出版社,1993.
[13]杨韶洋,刘霞,姚孝友,等.沂蒙山区降雨侵蚀力空间分布推算方法[J].中国水土保持科学,2015,13(2):1-10.
[14]SL190-2007,土壤侵蚀分类分级标准[S].
[15]王海燕,赵永军.关于水土流失重点防治区划分标准的几个技术问题探讨[J].中国水土保持,2015(12):61-63.
[16]杨世凡,孙泉忠,宁茂岐,等.县级水土流失重点防治区划分研究-以贵州省紫云苗族布依族自治县为例[J].中国水土保持,2016,(6):31-34.
[17]赵永军.水土流失重点防治区划分刍议[J].中国水土保持,2012(5):4-6.
[18]Zhang H D, Zhang R H,Qi F, et al. The CSLE model based soil erosion prediction: Comparisons of sampling density and extrapolation method at the county level[J].Catena, 2018, 165: 465-472.
[19]巩国丽,刘纪远,邵全琴.基于RWEQ的20世纪90年代以来内蒙古锡林郭勒盟土壤风蚀研究[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(6):825-834.
[20]申陆,田美荣,高吉喜,等.浑善达克沙漠化防治生态功能区防风固沙功能的时空变化及驱动力[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(1):73-82.
[21]郭中领.RWEQ模型参数修订及其在中国北方应用研究[D].北京:北京师范大学,2012.
[22]马玉凤,严平,李双权.内蒙古孔兑区叭尔洞沟中游河谷段的风水交互侵蚀动力过程[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(4):990-999.
[23]李秋艳,蔡强国,方海燕.风蚀对窟野河流域产沙贡献的时间尺度特征[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(4):674-682.
[24]宋阳,严平,刘连友,等.威连滩冲沟砂黄土的风蚀与降雨侵蚀模拟实验[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(5):814-819.
[25]脱登峰,许明祥,郑世清,等.黄土高原风蚀水蚀交错区侵蚀产沙过程及机理[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(12)3281-3287.
[26]杨会民,王静爱,邹学勇,等.风水复合侵蚀研究进展与展望[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(4):962-971.
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