人机交互与人工智能:从交替浮沉到协同共进
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摘要
人机交互与人工智能是智能信息时代备受关注的两大重要研究领域.通过人机交互与人工智能发展历程可以发现,二者的关系从过去的此起彼伏逐渐变成了当下的相互促进,基于二者深度融合的典型应用也在教育、医疗等关键领域不断涌现.人机交互为人工智能提供了应用需求和研究思路,而人工智能也驱动了人机交互技术的发展和变革.放眼未来,人机交互与人工智能将保持当下这种相互促进、互相驱动的关系,更加深入地融合并协同发展.
Human-computer interaction and arti?cial intelligence(AI) are the two most important information technologies in the era of intelligent information. Through the developing histories of human computer interaction and AI, it was found that the relation between human-computer interaction and AI has changed from a competitive(in the past) to mutual promotion(in the present) state. Some intelligent user interface combining both human-computer interaction and AI techniques has gradually become commercial application from the research perspective, such as natural gesture interaction, emotional computing, and voice dialog system. This paper reviews the development process of human-computer interaction and summarizes its relation with AI.Human-computer interaction provides research ideas for AI; moreover, human intelligence drives the development of human-computer interaction and human-machine interaction. In the future, we anticipate that the present mutual promotion and driving relation existing between AI and human-machine interaction will continue, and will even increase.
Human-computer interaction and arti?cial intelligence(AI) are the two most important information technologies in the era of intelligent information. Through the developing histories of human computer interaction and AI, it was found that the relation between human-computer interaction and AI has changed from a competitive(in the past) to mutual promotion(in the present) state. Some intelligent user interface combining both human-computer interaction and AI techniques has gradually become commercial application from the research perspective, such as natural gesture interaction, emotional computing, and voice dialog system. This paper reviews the development process of human-computer interaction and summarizes its relation with AI.Human-computer interaction provides research ideas for AI; moreover, human intelligence drives the development of human-computer interaction and human-machine interaction. In the future, we anticipate that the present mutual promotion and driving relation existing between AI and human-machine interaction will continue, and will even increase.
引文
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2 Licklider L C R.Man-computer symbiosis.IIRE Trans Human Factors Electron,1960,1:4-11
3 Grudin J.AI and HCI:two fields divided by a common focus.AI Mag,2010,30:48-57
4 Bobrow D G,Kaplan R M,Kay M,et al.GUS,a frame-driven dialog system.Artif Intell,1977,8:155-173
5 Hollan J,Rich E,Hill W,et al.An introduction to HITS:human interface tool suite.In:Proceedings of Intelligent User Interfaces.New York:ACM,1991.293-337
6 Fischer G,Lemke A,Schwab T.Knowledge-based help systems.SIGCHI Bull,1985,16:161-167
7 Shardanand U,Maes P.Social information filtering:algorithms for automating“word of mouth”.In:Proceedings of Sigchi Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems,1995.210-217
8 Resnick P.Filtering information on the Internet.Sci Am,1997,276:62-64
9 Good N,Schafer J B,Konstan J A,et al.Combining collaborative filtering with personal agents for better recommendations.In:Proceedings of AAAI/IAAI,1999.439-446
10 Oviatt S.Mutual disambiguation of recognition errors in a multimodel architecture.In:Proceedings of the SIGCHIConference on Human Factors in Computing Systems,1999.576-583
11 Horvitz E.Principles of mixed-initiative user interfaces.In:Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems,1999.159-166
12 Fan J J,Tian F,Du Y,et al.Thoughts on human-computer interaction in the age of artificial intelligence.Sci Sin Inform,2018,48:361-375[范俊君,田丰,杜一,等.智能时代人机交互的一些思考.中国科学:信息科学,2018,48:361-375]
13 Dong S H,Wang J,Dai G Z.Human-Computer Interaction and Multimodel User Interface.Beijing:Science Press,1999[董士海,王坚,戴国忠.人机交互和多通道用户界面.北京:科学出版社,1999]
14 Dai G Z,Tian F.Pen-based User Interface.Beijing:Press of University of Science and Technology of China,2009[戴国忠,田丰.笔式用户界面.北京:中国科学技术大学出版社,2009]
15 Hu B G,Tian T N,Wang Y.Affective computing-new topics of computer science and technology development.Science Times,2000.3.24[胡包钢,谭铁牛,王珏.情感计算--计算机科技发展的新课题.科学时报,2000.3.24]
16 Yi X,Yu C,Xu W J,et al.COMPASS:rotational keyboard on non-touch smartwatches.In:Proceedings of the 2017CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems,Denver,2017.705-715
17 Yu C,Sun K,Zhong M Y,et al.One-dimensional handwriting:inputting letters and words on smart glasses.In:Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems,San Jose,2016.71-82
18 Strategic Research Group in Information Field,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Road Map of Information Technology Development in China to 2050.Beijing:Science Press,2009[中国科学院信息领域战略研究组.中国至2050年信息科技发展路线图.北京:科学出版社,2009]
19 Wang H A,Tian F.10000 Selected Problem in Sciences-Information Sciences.Beijing:Science Press,2011[王宏安,田丰.10000个科学难题-信息科学卷.北京:科学出版社,2011]
20 Jin L W,Zhong Z Y,Yang Z,et al.Applications of deep learning for handwritten chinese character recognition:a review.Acta Autom Sin,2016,42:1125-1141[金连文,钟卓耀,杨钊,等.深度学习在手写汉字识别中的应用综述.自动化学报,2016,42:1125-1141]
21 Li Y,Huang J,Tian F,et al.Multimodal aided neurological disease diagnosis with synergy of cloud and client.Sci Sin Inform,2017,47:1164-1182[李洋,黄进,田丰,等.云端融合的神经系统疾病多通道辅助诊断研究.中国科学:信息科学,2017,47:1164-1182]