基于泄漏风险的液化烃装车设施紧急切断系统
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摘要
由于液化烃在常温、常压下会汽化或有大量气体蒸发,且点火能较小,在运输装车过程中的火灾爆炸风险较大。为此,国家相关标准规定:在距装车鹤管10 m以外的装车管道上设置便于操作的紧急切断阀,以便在发生液化烃泄漏时,能够立即切断物料来源,控制泄漏风险,以防事故扩大。由于国家标准对紧急切断阀的定义并不明确,从而导致工程实践出现一些偏差。事实上,这一规定在泄漏风险控制方面本身即存在缺陷,与装车泄漏应急处置不尽协调,极易引发事故扩大。在深入开展液化烃装车设施调研的基础上,基于现行标准规定,从液化烃装车设施泄漏风险分析入手,对液化烃装车设施紧急切断系统设计思路进行了完善。
Since liquefied hydrocarbons will vaporize at normal temperature and pressure; or a large amount of gas evaporates; the ignition energy is small and the risk of fire and explosion during transportation and loading is high. Therefore, it is stipulated in the relevant national standards that an emergency shut-off valve which is easy to operate should be installed on the loading pipe 10 m away from the loading and unloading crane pipe, so that when liquefied hydrocarbon leakage occurs, the material source can be cut off immediately, and the risk of leakage can be controlled to prevent the accident from expanding. Due to the unclear definition of the emergency shut-off valve by national standards, there are some deviations in engineering practice. In fact, this regulation itself has defects in the control of leakage risk, and it is not coordinated with the emergency disposal of loading leakage, which is likely to cause accidents to expand. On the basis of in-depth investigation of liquefied hydrocarbon loading facilities and based on the current standard regulations, this paper starts from analyzing the leakage risk of liquefied hydrocarbon loading facilities and improves the design ideas of emergency shut-off system for liquefied hydrocarbon loading facilities.
Since liquefied hydrocarbons will vaporize at normal temperature and pressure; or a large amount of gas evaporates; the ignition energy is small and the risk of fire and explosion during transportation and loading is high. Therefore, it is stipulated in the relevant national standards that an emergency shut-off valve which is easy to operate should be installed on the loading pipe 10 m away from the loading and unloading crane pipe, so that when liquefied hydrocarbon leakage occurs, the material source can be cut off immediately, and the risk of leakage can be controlled to prevent the accident from expanding. Due to the unclear definition of the emergency shut-off valve by national standards, there are some deviations in engineering practice. In fact, this regulation itself has defects in the control of leakage risk, and it is not coordinated with the emergency disposal of loading leakage, which is likely to cause accidents to expand. On the basis of in-depth investigation of liquefied hydrocarbon loading facilities and based on the current standard regulations, this paper starts from analyzing the leakage risk of liquefied hydrocarbon loading facilities and improves the design ideas of emergency shut-off system for liquefied hydrocarbon loading facilities.
引文