种植密度对马铃薯农艺性状及产量的影响
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摘要
试验在黑龙江省二龙山农场进行,选用垦薯1号马铃薯品种,采用大垄双行,整薯播种,随机区组设计。3个行距,每个行距下3个株距,即3个种植密度。比较各行距下不同种植密度对马铃薯主茎数、结薯数、大中薯率、小薯率及产量影响,旨在为马铃薯生产提供理论指导。结果表明,马铃薯主茎数、结薯数、小薯率和产量随种植密度减小呈递减趋势,大中薯率呈递增趋势;各行距下主茎数、结薯数、小薯率和产量均是种植密度为121 200株·hm-2最高,大薯率均是种植密度为72 700株·hm-2最高;总体来看,不同种植密度间对主茎数、结薯数、产量影响存在显著差异;种植密度121 200株·hm-2小薯率较高,适合生产种薯,其中以株行距为15 cm×20cm最适合生产种薯;种植密度72 700株·hm-2大中薯率较高,适合生产商品薯,其中以株行距为25 cm×20 cm最适合生产商品薯。
The paper was carried out in Erlongshan farm in Heilongjiang, the selection of Kenshu1 potato varieties, big ridge double line and whole tuber sowing, randomized block design. The three row spacing, three row spacing in each row spacing, that was three planting density. Effects of different planting density on main stem number, tuber number, ratio of large and medium tuber, ratio of small tuber and yield in each row spacing, in order to provide theoretical guidance for potato production. The results showed that with the decrease of plant density, main stem number, tuber number, ratio of small tuber and yield was decreasing trend; Ratio of large and medium tuber was increasing trend. In each row spacing, main stem number, tuber number, ratio of small tuber and yield of planting density was 121 200 plants · hm- 2was the highest; Ratio of large and medium tuber of planting density was 72 700 plants · hm- 2was the highest.Overall, effects of different planting density on main stem number, tuber number and yield was significant differences. It was suitable for the production of seed potato that ratio of small tuber of planting density was121 200 plants· hm-2. Among it was best suitable for the production of seed potato that plant spacing and row spacing was 15 cm × 20 cm. It is suitable for the production of commodity potato that ratio of large and medium tuber of planting density was 72 700 plants· hm-2. Among it was the best suitable for the production of commodity potato that plant spacing and row spacing was 25 cm×20 cm.
The paper was carried out in Erlongshan farm in Heilongjiang, the selection of Kenshu1 potato varieties, big ridge double line and whole tuber sowing, randomized block design. The three row spacing, three row spacing in each row spacing, that was three planting density. Effects of different planting density on main stem number, tuber number, ratio of large and medium tuber, ratio of small tuber and yield in each row spacing, in order to provide theoretical guidance for potato production. The results showed that with the decrease of plant density, main stem number, tuber number, ratio of small tuber and yield was decreasing trend; Ratio of large and medium tuber was increasing trend. In each row spacing, main stem number, tuber number, ratio of small tuber and yield of planting density was 121 200 plants · hm- 2was the highest; Ratio of large and medium tuber of planting density was 72 700 plants · hm- 2was the highest.Overall, effects of different planting density on main stem number, tuber number and yield was significant differences. It was suitable for the production of seed potato that ratio of small tuber of planting density was121 200 plants· hm-2. Among it was best suitable for the production of seed potato that plant spacing and row spacing was 15 cm × 20 cm. It is suitable for the production of commodity potato that ratio of large and medium tuber of planting density was 72 700 plants· hm-2. Among it was the best suitable for the production of commodity potato that plant spacing and row spacing was 25 cm×20 cm.
引文
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[9]伍壮生,廖道龙,肖日新,等.播种期、种植密度、栽培方式对海南冬种马铃薯生长及产量的影响[J]安徽农业科学,2012,40(27):13317-13318,13327.
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[13]兰小龙.马铃薯全膜覆盖双垄沟播密度试验研究[J].现代农业科技,2014(4):72,74.
[14]范香全,张胜,蒙美莲,等.施氮量及密度对膜下滴灌马铃薯氮素吸收与利用的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(14):4272-4274,4421.
[15]李阳,刘世海,丁世成,等.整薯大小与栽培密度对马铃薯生长发育及产量的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2011(11):49-52,55.
[16]王红梅.谈东北地区马铃薯大垄双行密植高产栽培技术[J].科学与财富,2014(5):293.
[17]金光辉,孙秀梅,冯晓辉,等.黑龙江垦区马铃薯大垄双行密植高产栽培技术[J].中国马铃薯,2013,27(1):31-33.
[18]牛若超.马铃薯大垄双行栽培示范[J].中国马铃薯,2010,24(2):84-85.
[19]解艳华.黑龙江省马铃薯高产栽培技术[J].中国马铃薯,2007,21(3):179-180.
[20]王朝海,龙国.马铃薯不同生产来源脱毒种薯整薯、切块作种与产量关系研究[J].种子,2004(10):67-68.
[21]金光辉,刘继环,司喆,等.淀粉加工型马铃薯种质资源的引进与评价[J].中国马铃薯,2010,24(5):271-274.
[22]张吉胜,罗玉群,代敏.玉屏县2013年脱毒马铃薯不同密度试验对产量的影响[J].农技服务,2014,31(4):60.
[23]王联刚.安康地区费乌瑞它马铃薯栽培密度与产量关系研究[J].陕西农业科学,2014,60(3):10-11.
[24]雷昌云,张艳霞,羿国香,等.江汉平原马铃薯秋播密度对农艺性状及产量的影响[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(12):1653-1656.
[25]何进勤,桂林国,马勤建.宁夏中南部地区马铃薯双垄全膜覆盖沟播栽培密度试验[J].中国马铃薯,2012,26(6):350-353.
[2]孙东升,刘合光.我国马铃薯产业发展现状及前景展望[J].农业展望,2009(3):25-28.
[3]陈永伟,沈振荣,王奇,等.种植密度对脱毒马铃薯微型薯的影响研究[J].宁夏农林科技,2013,54(8):1-3.
[4]雷尊国,邓宽平,彭慧元.种植密度对马铃薯宣薯2号农艺性状及产量的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2011,39(12):80-82.
[5]邹华芬,金辉,王邦良,等.种植密度对马铃薯新品种“华恩1号”薯块空心的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(23):7797-7798.
[6]田再民,龚学臣.冯琰,等.不同种植密度对马铃薯冀张8号生长及产量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(8):94-95.
[7]李杨,陈祖瑶,郑元红,等.不同种植密度对威芋5号产量及效益的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2014(6):30-31.
[8]陈微,龙光秀.不同密度对鄂马铃薯5号产量的影响[J].耕作与栽培,2014(1):29-31.
[9]伍壮生,廖道龙,肖日新,等.播种期、种植密度、栽培方式对海南冬种马铃薯生长及产量的影响[J]安徽农业科学,2012,40(27):13317-13318,13327.
[10]杨相昆,田海燕,魏建军,等.不同播种方式及种植密度对马铃薯种薯生产的影响[J],西南农业学报,2009,22(4):910-912.
[11]冯金良,张宁洁.高产脱毒马铃薯栽培密度研究[J].中国园艺文摘,2014(2):33-34.
[12]黄艳岚,王云高,易九红,等.脱毒微型马铃薯种植密度对一级原种产量的影响[J].作物研究,2014,28(5):482-484.
[13]兰小龙.马铃薯全膜覆盖双垄沟播密度试验研究[J].现代农业科技,2014(4):72,74.
[14]范香全,张胜,蒙美莲,等.施氮量及密度对膜下滴灌马铃薯氮素吸收与利用的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(14):4272-4274,4421.
[15]李阳,刘世海,丁世成,等.整薯大小与栽培密度对马铃薯生长发育及产量的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2011(11):49-52,55.
[16]王红梅.谈东北地区马铃薯大垄双行密植高产栽培技术[J].科学与财富,2014(5):293.
[17]金光辉,孙秀梅,冯晓辉,等.黑龙江垦区马铃薯大垄双行密植高产栽培技术[J].中国马铃薯,2013,27(1):31-33.
[18]牛若超.马铃薯大垄双行栽培示范[J].中国马铃薯,2010,24(2):84-85.
[19]解艳华.黑龙江省马铃薯高产栽培技术[J].中国马铃薯,2007,21(3):179-180.
[20]王朝海,龙国.马铃薯不同生产来源脱毒种薯整薯、切块作种与产量关系研究[J].种子,2004(10):67-68.
[21]金光辉,刘继环,司喆,等.淀粉加工型马铃薯种质资源的引进与评价[J].中国马铃薯,2010,24(5):271-274.
[22]张吉胜,罗玉群,代敏.玉屏县2013年脱毒马铃薯不同密度试验对产量的影响[J].农技服务,2014,31(4):60.
[23]王联刚.安康地区费乌瑞它马铃薯栽培密度与产量关系研究[J].陕西农业科学,2014,60(3):10-11.
[24]雷昌云,张艳霞,羿国香,等.江汉平原马铃薯秋播密度对农艺性状及产量的影响[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(12):1653-1656.
[25]何进勤,桂林国,马勤建.宁夏中南部地区马铃薯双垄全膜覆盖沟播栽培密度试验[J].中国马铃薯,2012,26(6):350-353.