内蒙古马铃薯施肥效应特征参数与施肥推荐
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摘要
马铃薯是内蒙古的主要作物之一,目前生产上由于没有合适的推荐施肥方法,过量施肥现象严重,研究明确马铃薯施用氮磷钾肥的产量反应与农学效率等推荐施肥参数,构建适宜的推荐施肥方法具有重要意义。在内蒙古马铃薯主产区,采用多年多点田间试验方法结合室内分析,研究了马铃薯施用氮磷钾肥的产量反应、农学效率、养分利用率,探索养分吸收与农学效率及产量反应与农学效率的相关关系,构建基于土壤养分丰缺指标、土壤养分含量和相对产量的最佳施肥推荐。结果表明,施用N、P、K肥的产量反应(YRN、YRP和YRK)分别为4.2,3.6和2.7 t/hm~2,农学效率(AEN、AEP和AEK)分别为27.5,46.6和29.3 kg/kg。施用氮磷钾肥的产量反应与缺素区的相对产量、产量反应和农学效率之间均呈显著的相关关系,可以采用基于马铃薯产量反应和农学效率的推荐施肥方法进行马铃薯的氮磷钾肥推荐。生产1 t马铃薯吸收N、P_2O_5和K_2O分别为5.6,1.5和6.1 kg/t,由此参数可确定一定马铃薯产量下的养分吸收量。土壤速效磷、钾含量(x)和缺磷、缺钾区相对产量(y)之间有显著的线性相关关系,依据这一相关关系可以确定内蒙古马铃薯生产的土壤有效磷和土壤交换性钾的养分丰缺指标,可以采用目标产量养分吸收量与养分丰缺指标指导测土推荐施肥。因此研究明确了内蒙古马铃薯主产区施用氮磷钾肥的产量反应和农学效率等推荐施肥的相关参数,建立了基于产量反应与农学效率进行马铃薯氮磷钾养分施肥的推荐方法。
Potato is one of the major crops in Inner Mongolia. However, there is no suitable fertilization recommendation method currently for growing better potato. The problem of over and imbalance fertilization is serious. It is of great significance to study yield response and agronomic efficiencies of N, P and K fertilizers in potato, thus to establish an applicable recommended fertilization method. By multi-years and multi-sites filed experiments and laboratory analysis in the major potato producing area of Inner Mongolia, the study quantified potato yield responses, agronomic efficiency, and nutrient use efficiencies of N, P and K fertilizers, and explored the relationship between nutrient uptake and agronomic efficiency, and between yield responses and agronomic efficiency. The optimal fertilization was therefore recommended based on soil nutrient abundant deficiency index, soil nutrient content and relative yield. The results showed that the yield response for N(YRN), P(YRP) and K(YRK) was 4.2, 3.6 and 2.7 t/ha, respectively. The agronomy use efficiency of N(AEN), P(AEP) and K(AEK) was 27.5, 46.6 and 29.3 kg/kg, respectively. Yield responses under applying N, P and K fertilizers was significantly correlated with the relative yields without N, P and K. Yield response of NPK fertilization was also positively correlated with agronomic nutrient use efficiency. Recommendation fertilization based on yield response and agronomic nutrient efficiencies therefore could be given. The nutrient uptake requirement for producing unit yield was 5.6 kg/t for N, 1.5 kg/t for P_2O_5 and 6.1 kg/t for K_2O. Both soil available phosphorus and potassium contents were linearly correlated with relative yields under no P or K application treatment. According to these relationships, the nutrient abundance, the deficiency index of soil available phosphorus and soil exchangeable potassium for potato in Inner Mongolia were determined. The target yield nutrient uptake requirement, the nutrient abundance and the deficiency index could be used to optimize potato fertilization. Based on the quantitative results of yield responses and agronomic nutrient use efficiencies for N, P and K fertilizers in the study, a recommended method for N, P and K fertilization was established for the major potato producing areas in Inner Mongolia.
Potato is one of the major crops in Inner Mongolia. However, there is no suitable fertilization recommendation method currently for growing better potato. The problem of over and imbalance fertilization is serious. It is of great significance to study yield response and agronomic efficiencies of N, P and K fertilizers in potato, thus to establish an applicable recommended fertilization method. By multi-years and multi-sites filed experiments and laboratory analysis in the major potato producing area of Inner Mongolia, the study quantified potato yield responses, agronomic efficiency, and nutrient use efficiencies of N, P and K fertilizers, and explored the relationship between nutrient uptake and agronomic efficiency, and between yield responses and agronomic efficiency. The optimal fertilization was therefore recommended based on soil nutrient abundant deficiency index, soil nutrient content and relative yield. The results showed that the yield response for N(YRN), P(YRP) and K(YRK) was 4.2, 3.6 and 2.7 t/ha, respectively. The agronomy use efficiency of N(AEN), P(AEP) and K(AEK) was 27.5, 46.6 and 29.3 kg/kg, respectively. Yield responses under applying N, P and K fertilizers was significantly correlated with the relative yields without N, P and K. Yield response of NPK fertilization was also positively correlated with agronomic nutrient use efficiency. Recommendation fertilization based on yield response and agronomic nutrient efficiencies therefore could be given. The nutrient uptake requirement for producing unit yield was 5.6 kg/t for N, 1.5 kg/t for P_2O_5 and 6.1 kg/t for K_2O. Both soil available phosphorus and potassium contents were linearly correlated with relative yields under no P or K application treatment. According to these relationships, the nutrient abundance, the deficiency index of soil available phosphorus and soil exchangeable potassium for potato in Inner Mongolia were determined. The target yield nutrient uptake requirement, the nutrient abundance and the deficiency index could be used to optimize potato fertilization. Based on the quantitative results of yield responses and agronomic nutrient use efficiencies for N, P and K fertilizers in the study, a recommended method for N, P and K fertilization was established for the major potato producing areas in Inner Mongolia.
引文
[1]中国种植业信息网.农作物数据库[EB/OL].[2016-02-05]. http://zzys.agri.gov.cn/nongqing.aspx.
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[3]陈杨,樊明寿,康文钦,等.内蒙古阴山丘陵地区马铃薯施肥现状与评价[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2012(2):104-108.
[4]王小英,同延安,刘芬,等.陕西省马铃薯施肥现状评价[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(2):471-479.
[5]赵营,郭鑫年,赵护兵,等.宁夏南部山区马铃薯施肥现状与评价[J].中国马铃薯, 2013, 27(5):281-287.
[6]高媛,韦艳萍,樊明寿.马铃薯的养分需求[J].中国马铃薯,2011, 25(3):182-187.
[7]白艳姝.马铃薯养分吸收分配规律及施肥对营养品质的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学, 2007.
[8]何文寿,马琨,代晓华,等.宁夏马铃薯氮、磷、钾养分的吸收累积特征[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(6):1477-1487.
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[10]肖强,蒙美莲,陈有君,等.肥料配施对阴山北麓旱区马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2014, 32(6):112-118.
[11]张静,蒙美莲,王颖慧,等.氮磷钾施用量对马铃薯产量及品质的影响[J].作物杂志, 2012(4):124-127.
[12]张朝春,江荣风,张福锁,等.氮磷钾对马铃薯营养状况及块茎产量的影响[J].中国农学通报, 2005, 21(9):279-283.
[13]苏小娟,王平,刘淑英,等.施肥对定西地区马铃薯养分吸收动态、产量和品质的影响[J].西北农业学报, 2010, 19(1):86-91.
[14]弓建国,穆俊祥,曹新民.氮磷钾有机肥配合施用对马铃薯产量和品质的影响[J].安徽农业科学, 2009, 37(17):7935-7937.
[15]戴树荣.应用“3414”试验设计建立二次肥料效应函数寻求马铃薯氮磷钾适宜施肥量的研究[J].中国农学通报, 2010, 26(12):154-159.
[16]王国兴,徐福利,王渭玲,等.氮磷钾及有机肥对马铃薯生长发育和干物质积累的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2013, 31(3):106-111.
[17]刘润梅,范茂攀,付云章,等.云南省马铃薯施肥量与化肥偏生产力的关系研究[J].土壤学报, 2014, 51(4):753-760.
[18]任稳江,任亮,刘生学.半干旱地区地膜覆盖栽培马铃薯平衡施肥研究[J].土壤通报, 2015, 46(1):157-161.
[19]Haifa Group. Nutritional recommendations for potato[J/OL].[2016-05-08]. http://www. haifa-group. com/knowledge_center/crop_guides/potato/.
[20] Stevens R G, Thornton R E, Victory S, et al. Potato nutrient management for Central Washington[M]. Pullman:Washington State University Extension Service, 1999.
[21] Ashok Alva, Mingshou Fan, Chen Q, et al. Improving nutrient-use efficiency in Chinese potato production:experiences from the UnitedStates[J].JournalofCropImprovement, 2011,25(1):46-85.
[22] Mikkelsen R, Hopkins B. Fertilizer management practices for potato production in the pacific northwest[J]. International Plant Nutrition Institute, 2008, 40:330-335.
[23] Chuan L, He P, Pampolino M F, et al. Establishing a scientific basis for fertilizer recommendations for wheat in China:yield response and agronomic efficiency[J]. Field Crops Research,2013, 140(1):1-8.
[24]何萍,金继运, Mirasol F,等.基于作物产量反应和农学效率的推荐施肥方法[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2012, 18(2):499-505.
[25] Xu X, He P, Pampolino M F, et al. Fertilizer recommendation for maize in China based on yield response and agronomic efficiency[J].Field Crops Research, 2014, 157(2):27-34.
[26]串丽敏,何萍,赵同科.作物推荐施肥方法研究进展[J].中国农业科技导报, 2016, 18(1):95-102.
[27]王宜伦,苏瑞光,刘举,等.养分专家系统推荐施肥对潮土夏玉米产量及肥料效率的影响[J].作物学报, 2014, 40(3):563-569.
[28]王宜伦,白由路,王磊,等.基于养分专家系统的小麦-玉米推荐施肥效应研究[J].中国农业科学, 2015, 48(22):4483-4492.
[29] Hunter A H. Laboratory and greenhouse techniques for nutrient survey to determine the soil amendments required for optimum plant growth[M]. Florida:Agro Service International, 1980.
[30] Portch S, Hunter A.评价与改善土壤肥力的系统研究法[M].杨俐苹,译.北京:中国农业出版社, 2005.
[31]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社, 2000.
[32]郑海春,郜翻身,张子义,等.阴山南麓旱作马铃薯的施肥指标[J].中国马铃薯, 2010, 24(3):169-174.
[33]张子义,郑海春,郜翻身,等.内蒙古阴山北麓旱作马铃薯土壤氮、磷、钾丰缺指标研究[J].华北农学报, 2011, 26(1):177-180.
[34]田越,李勇.陕南三县马铃薯“3414”肥料效应及土壤养分丰缺指标研究[J].陕西农业科学, 2014, 60(1):15-17.
[2]赵辉,乔光华,祁晓慧,等.内蒙古马铃薯生产的比较优势研究[J].干旱区资源与环境, 2016, 30(2):128-132.
[3]陈杨,樊明寿,康文钦,等.内蒙古阴山丘陵地区马铃薯施肥现状与评价[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2012(2):104-108.
[4]王小英,同延安,刘芬,等.陕西省马铃薯施肥现状评价[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(2):471-479.
[5]赵营,郭鑫年,赵护兵,等.宁夏南部山区马铃薯施肥现状与评价[J].中国马铃薯, 2013, 27(5):281-287.
[6]高媛,韦艳萍,樊明寿.马铃薯的养分需求[J].中国马铃薯,2011, 25(3):182-187.
[7]白艳姝.马铃薯养分吸收分配规律及施肥对营养品质的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学, 2007.
[8]何文寿,马琨,代晓华,等.宁夏马铃薯氮、磷、钾养分的吸收累积特征[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(6):1477-1487.
[9]段玉,张君,李焕春,等.马铃薯氮磷钾养分吸收规律及施肥肥效的研究[J].土壤, 2014, 46(2):212-217.
[10]肖强,蒙美莲,陈有君,等.肥料配施对阴山北麓旱区马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2014, 32(6):112-118.
[11]张静,蒙美莲,王颖慧,等.氮磷钾施用量对马铃薯产量及品质的影响[J].作物杂志, 2012(4):124-127.
[12]张朝春,江荣风,张福锁,等.氮磷钾对马铃薯营养状况及块茎产量的影响[J].中国农学通报, 2005, 21(9):279-283.
[13]苏小娟,王平,刘淑英,等.施肥对定西地区马铃薯养分吸收动态、产量和品质的影响[J].西北农业学报, 2010, 19(1):86-91.
[14]弓建国,穆俊祥,曹新民.氮磷钾有机肥配合施用对马铃薯产量和品质的影响[J].安徽农业科学, 2009, 37(17):7935-7937.
[15]戴树荣.应用“3414”试验设计建立二次肥料效应函数寻求马铃薯氮磷钾适宜施肥量的研究[J].中国农学通报, 2010, 26(12):154-159.
[16]王国兴,徐福利,王渭玲,等.氮磷钾及有机肥对马铃薯生长发育和干物质积累的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2013, 31(3):106-111.
[17]刘润梅,范茂攀,付云章,等.云南省马铃薯施肥量与化肥偏生产力的关系研究[J].土壤学报, 2014, 51(4):753-760.
[18]任稳江,任亮,刘生学.半干旱地区地膜覆盖栽培马铃薯平衡施肥研究[J].土壤通报, 2015, 46(1):157-161.
[19]Haifa Group. Nutritional recommendations for potato[J/OL].[2016-05-08]. http://www. haifa-group. com/knowledge_center/crop_guides/potato/.
[20] Stevens R G, Thornton R E, Victory S, et al. Potato nutrient management for Central Washington[M]. Pullman:Washington State University Extension Service, 1999.
[21] Ashok Alva, Mingshou Fan, Chen Q, et al. Improving nutrient-use efficiency in Chinese potato production:experiences from the UnitedStates[J].JournalofCropImprovement, 2011,25(1):46-85.
[22] Mikkelsen R, Hopkins B. Fertilizer management practices for potato production in the pacific northwest[J]. International Plant Nutrition Institute, 2008, 40:330-335.
[23] Chuan L, He P, Pampolino M F, et al. Establishing a scientific basis for fertilizer recommendations for wheat in China:yield response and agronomic efficiency[J]. Field Crops Research,2013, 140(1):1-8.
[24]何萍,金继运, Mirasol F,等.基于作物产量反应和农学效率的推荐施肥方法[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2012, 18(2):499-505.
[25] Xu X, He P, Pampolino M F, et al. Fertilizer recommendation for maize in China based on yield response and agronomic efficiency[J].Field Crops Research, 2014, 157(2):27-34.
[26]串丽敏,何萍,赵同科.作物推荐施肥方法研究进展[J].中国农业科技导报, 2016, 18(1):95-102.
[27]王宜伦,苏瑞光,刘举,等.养分专家系统推荐施肥对潮土夏玉米产量及肥料效率的影响[J].作物学报, 2014, 40(3):563-569.
[28]王宜伦,白由路,王磊,等.基于养分专家系统的小麦-玉米推荐施肥效应研究[J].中国农业科学, 2015, 48(22):4483-4492.
[29] Hunter A H. Laboratory and greenhouse techniques for nutrient survey to determine the soil amendments required for optimum plant growth[M]. Florida:Agro Service International, 1980.
[30] Portch S, Hunter A.评价与改善土壤肥力的系统研究法[M].杨俐苹,译.北京:中国农业出版社, 2005.
[31]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社, 2000.
[32]郑海春,郜翻身,张子义,等.阴山南麓旱作马铃薯的施肥指标[J].中国马铃薯, 2010, 24(3):169-174.
[33]张子义,郑海春,郜翻身,等.内蒙古阴山北麓旱作马铃薯土壤氮、磷、钾丰缺指标研究[J].华北农学报, 2011, 26(1):177-180.
[34]田越,李勇.陕南三县马铃薯“3414”肥料效应及土壤养分丰缺指标研究[J].陕西农业科学, 2014, 60(1):15-17.