高比例变流型电源并网的输电系统三相短路电流计算
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摘要
高比例变流型电源接入输电系统可能提高系统短路电流水平,导致电力设备选型面临更高的动热稳定要求。通过分析变流型电源实验平台的短路电流测试波形的包络线变化规律,获取其三相短路电流表达式。根据变流型电源在故障不同阶段呈现的短路电流输出特性,提出故障暂态和稳态阶段的等值电路。应用叠加定理分别计算含变流型电源电网短路电流交流分量和直流分量,并对冲击电流进行评估,其结果可用于电网规划及设备选型;最后用6节点的500 kV淮南电网和35节点的220 kV淮宿电网实际算例,将所述方法、常规电压源等值法的计算结果与电磁暂态仿真结果进行对比,验证了所述方法的有效性。
Short-circuit current level of power transmission system may increase with high penetration of converter-type sources, and power equipment selection will be faced with higher requirements for dynamic and thermal stability. Three-phase short-circuit current expression of converter-type sources is obtained by analyzing measured short-circuit current waveform and its change rule of envelope line. According to current output characteristics presented by converter-type sources in different periods of fault, equivalent circuits of fault transient state and steady state are proposed. In power grid with converter-type sources, superposition theorem is used to calculate AC component and DC component of short-circuit current. Then the peak value of short-circuit current is evaluated effectively, and the calculation results can be used for grid planning as well as equipment selection.Finally, the calculation results of proposed method and conventional method are compared with that of electromagnetic transient through 6-node 500 kV Huainan power grid and 35-node 220 kV Huaisu power grid, then effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.
Short-circuit current level of power transmission system may increase with high penetration of converter-type sources, and power equipment selection will be faced with higher requirements for dynamic and thermal stability. Three-phase short-circuit current expression of converter-type sources is obtained by analyzing measured short-circuit current waveform and its change rule of envelope line. According to current output characteristics presented by converter-type sources in different periods of fault, equivalent circuits of fault transient state and steady state are proposed. In power grid with converter-type sources, superposition theorem is used to calculate AC component and DC component of short-circuit current. Then the peak value of short-circuit current is evaluated effectively, and the calculation results can be used for grid planning as well as equipment selection.Finally, the calculation results of proposed method and conventional method are compared with that of electromagnetic transient through 6-node 500 kV Huainan power grid and 35-node 220 kV Huaisu power grid, then effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.
引文
[1] 康重庆,姚良忠.高比例可再生能源电力系统的关键科学问题与理论研究框架[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(9):1-11.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170120004.KANG Chongqing, YAO Liangzhong. Key scientific issues and theoretical research framework for power systems with high proportion of renewable energy[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2017, 41(9): 1-11. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS 20170120004.
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[4] WANG Qianggang, ZHOU Niancheng, YE Ling.Fault analysis for distribution networks with current-controlled three-phase inverter-interfaced distributed generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2015, 30(3): 1532-1542.
[5] 陈鹏,张哲,尹项根,等.计及 GSC 电流和控制策略的 DFIG 稳态故障电流计算模型[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(16):8-16.CHEN Peng, ZHANG Zhe, YIN Xianggen, et al.Steady fault current calculation model of doubly-fed induction generator considering grid-side converter current and different control strategies[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2016, 40(16): 8-16.
[6] 贾科,顾晨杰,毕天姝,等.大型光伏电站汇集系统的故障特性及其线路保护[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(9):189-198.JIA Ke, GU Chenjie, BI Tianshu, et al. Fault characteristics and line protection within the collection system of a large-scale photovoltaic power plant[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2017, 32(9): 189-198.
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[8] 陈实,邰能灵,范春菊,等.逆变型电源接入对选相元件的影响分析[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(12): 106-112.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160511005.CHEN Shi, TAI Nengling, FAN Chunju, et al.Influence of inverter-interfaced generator on element of phase selector[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2017, 41(12): 106-112.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160511005.
[9] 毕天姝,刘素梅,薛安成,等.逆变型新能源电源故障暂态特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(13):165-171.BI Tianshu, LIU Sumei, XUE Ancheng, et al.Fault characteristics of inverter-interfaced renewable energy sources[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(13): 165-171.
[10] 孔祥平,袁宇波,黄浩声,等.光伏电源故障电流的暂态特征及其影响因素[J].电网技术,2015,39(9):2444-2449.KONG Xiangping, YUAN Yubo, HUANG Haosheng, et al.Fault current transient features and its related impact factors of PV generator[J].Power System Technology, 2015, 39(9): 2444-2449.
[11] 刘素梅,毕天姝,王晓阳,等.具有不对称故障穿越能力逆变型新能源电源故障电流特性[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(3):66-73.LIU Sumei, BI Tianshu, WANG Xiaoyang, et al. Fault current characteristics of inverter interfaced renewable energy generators with asymmetrical fault ride-through capability[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2016, 40(3): 66-73.
[12] 孔祥平,张哲,尹项根,等.含逆变型分布式电源的电网故障电流特性与故障分析方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(34):57-66.KONG Xiangping, ZHANG Zhe, YIN Xianggen, et al. Study on fault current characteristics and fault analysis method of power grid with inverter interfaced distributed generation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(34): 57-66.
[13] 周念成,叶玲,王强钢,等.含负序电流注入的逆变型分布式电源电网不对称短路计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(36):41-49.ZHOU Niancheng, YE Ling, WANG Qianggang, et al.Asymmetric short-circuit current calculation for inverter interfaced distributed generators with negative sequence current injection integrated in power systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(36): 41-49.
[14] 王成山,孙晓倩.含分布式电源配电网短路计算的改进方法[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(23):54-58.WANG Chengshan, SUN Xiaoqian. An improved short circuit calculation method for distribution network with distributed generations[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2012, 36(23): 54-58.
[15] PLET C A, GREEN T C.Fault response of inverter interfaced distributed generators in grid-connected applications[J].Electric Power Systems Research, 2014, 106(1): 21-28.
[16] 杨杉,同向前,刘健,等.含分布式电源配电网的短路电流计算方法研究[J].电网技术,2015,39(7):1977-1982.YANG Shan, TONG Xiangqian, LIU Jian, et al. Short-circuit current calculation of distribution network with distributed generation[J].Power System Technology, 2015, 39(7): 1977-1982.
[17] 曹炜,王永生,丁北平,等.基于包络线和函数拟合的录波数据分析[J].上海电力学院学报,2010,26(4):315-318.CAO Wei, WANG Yongsheng, DING Beiping, et al.Analytical study of fault recording data based on envelopes and function fitting[J]. Journal of Shanghai University of Electric Power, 2010, 26(4): 315-318.
[18] HE J, LI Y.Generalized closed-loop control schemes with embedded virtual impedances for voltage source converters with LC or LCL filters[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2012, 27(4): 1850-1861.
[19] 周乐明,罗安,陈燕东,等.LCL型并网逆变器的鲁棒并网电流反馈有源阻尼控制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(10):2742-2752.ZHOU Leming, LUO An, CHEN Yandong, et al.A robust grid-current-feedback-active-damping method for LCL-type grid-connected inverters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE, 2016, 36(10): 2742-2752.
[20] 程军照,李澍森,吴在军,等.微电网下垂控制中虚拟电抗的功率解耦机理分析[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(7):27-32.CHENG Junzhao, LI Shusen, WU Zaijun, et al.Analysis of power decoupling mechanism for droop control with virtual inductance in a microgrid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2012, 36(7): 27-32.
[21] 辛焕海,李子恒,董炜,等.三相变流器并网系统的广义阻抗及稳定判据[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(5): 1277-1293.XIN Huanhai, LI Ziheng, DONG Wei, et al.Generalized-impedance and stability criterion for grid-connected converters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(5): 1277-1293.
[22] HE Jinwei, LI Yunwei, MUNIR M S.A flexible harmonic control approach through voltage-controlled DG-grid interfacing converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2012, 59(1): 444-455.
[23] 李光琦.电力系统暂态分析[M].3版.北京:中国电力出版社, 2007.LI Guangqi.Power system transient analysis[M].3rd ed.Beijing: China Electric Power Press, 2007.
[24] CHAPMAN S J. Electric machinery and power system fundamentals[M]. USA: McGraw-Hill, 2002.
[24] LOU V D S. Transients in power systems[M]. USA: Wiley, 2001.
[2] 鲁宗相,李海波,乔颖.高比例可再生能源并网的电力系统灵活性评价与平衡机理[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(1): 9-20.LU Zongxiang, LI Haibo, QIAO Ying. Flexibility evaluation and supply/demand balance principle of power system with high-penetration renewable electricity[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(1): 9-20.
[3] 国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所.中国2050高比例可再生能源发展情景暨路径研究[R].北京:国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所,2015.Energy Research Institute of National Development and Reform Commission.High renewable energy penetration scenario and roadmap study of China in 2050[R]. Beijing: Energy Research Institute of National Development and Reform Commission, 2015.
[4] WANG Qianggang, ZHOU Niancheng, YE Ling.Fault analysis for distribution networks with current-controlled three-phase inverter-interfaced distributed generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2015, 30(3): 1532-1542.
[5] 陈鹏,张哲,尹项根,等.计及 GSC 电流和控制策略的 DFIG 稳态故障电流计算模型[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(16):8-16.CHEN Peng, ZHANG Zhe, YIN Xianggen, et al.Steady fault current calculation model of doubly-fed induction generator considering grid-side converter current and different control strategies[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2016, 40(16): 8-16.
[6] 贾科,顾晨杰,毕天姝,等.大型光伏电站汇集系统的故障特性及其线路保护[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(9):189-198.JIA Ke, GU Chenjie, BI Tianshu, et al. Fault characteristics and line protection within the collection system of a large-scale photovoltaic power plant[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2017, 32(9): 189-198.
[7] SHUAI Zhikang, SHEN Chao, YIN Xin, et al. Fault analysis of inverter-interfaced distributed generators with different control schemes[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2018, 33(3): 1223-1235.
[8] 陈实,邰能灵,范春菊,等.逆变型电源接入对选相元件的影响分析[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(12): 106-112.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160511005.CHEN Shi, TAI Nengling, FAN Chunju, et al.Influence of inverter-interfaced generator on element of phase selector[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2017, 41(12): 106-112.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160511005.
[9] 毕天姝,刘素梅,薛安成,等.逆变型新能源电源故障暂态特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(13):165-171.BI Tianshu, LIU Sumei, XUE Ancheng, et al.Fault characteristics of inverter-interfaced renewable energy sources[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(13): 165-171.
[10] 孔祥平,袁宇波,黄浩声,等.光伏电源故障电流的暂态特征及其影响因素[J].电网技术,2015,39(9):2444-2449.KONG Xiangping, YUAN Yubo, HUANG Haosheng, et al.Fault current transient features and its related impact factors of PV generator[J].Power System Technology, 2015, 39(9): 2444-2449.
[11] 刘素梅,毕天姝,王晓阳,等.具有不对称故障穿越能力逆变型新能源电源故障电流特性[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(3):66-73.LIU Sumei, BI Tianshu, WANG Xiaoyang, et al. Fault current characteristics of inverter interfaced renewable energy generators with asymmetrical fault ride-through capability[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2016, 40(3): 66-73.
[12] 孔祥平,张哲,尹项根,等.含逆变型分布式电源的电网故障电流特性与故障分析方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(34):57-66.KONG Xiangping, ZHANG Zhe, YIN Xianggen, et al. Study on fault current characteristics and fault analysis method of power grid with inverter interfaced distributed generation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(34): 57-66.
[13] 周念成,叶玲,王强钢,等.含负序电流注入的逆变型分布式电源电网不对称短路计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(36):41-49.ZHOU Niancheng, YE Ling, WANG Qianggang, et al.Asymmetric short-circuit current calculation for inverter interfaced distributed generators with negative sequence current injection integrated in power systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(36): 41-49.
[14] 王成山,孙晓倩.含分布式电源配电网短路计算的改进方法[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(23):54-58.WANG Chengshan, SUN Xiaoqian. An improved short circuit calculation method for distribution network with distributed generations[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2012, 36(23): 54-58.
[15] PLET C A, GREEN T C.Fault response of inverter interfaced distributed generators in grid-connected applications[J].Electric Power Systems Research, 2014, 106(1): 21-28.
[16] 杨杉,同向前,刘健,等.含分布式电源配电网的短路电流计算方法研究[J].电网技术,2015,39(7):1977-1982.YANG Shan, TONG Xiangqian, LIU Jian, et al. Short-circuit current calculation of distribution network with distributed generation[J].Power System Technology, 2015, 39(7): 1977-1982.
[17] 曹炜,王永生,丁北平,等.基于包络线和函数拟合的录波数据分析[J].上海电力学院学报,2010,26(4):315-318.CAO Wei, WANG Yongsheng, DING Beiping, et al.Analytical study of fault recording data based on envelopes and function fitting[J]. Journal of Shanghai University of Electric Power, 2010, 26(4): 315-318.
[18] HE J, LI Y.Generalized closed-loop control schemes with embedded virtual impedances for voltage source converters with LC or LCL filters[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2012, 27(4): 1850-1861.
[19] 周乐明,罗安,陈燕东,等.LCL型并网逆变器的鲁棒并网电流反馈有源阻尼控制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(10):2742-2752.ZHOU Leming, LUO An, CHEN Yandong, et al.A robust grid-current-feedback-active-damping method for LCL-type grid-connected inverters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE, 2016, 36(10): 2742-2752.
[20] 程军照,李澍森,吴在军,等.微电网下垂控制中虚拟电抗的功率解耦机理分析[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(7):27-32.CHENG Junzhao, LI Shusen, WU Zaijun, et al.Analysis of power decoupling mechanism for droop control with virtual inductance in a microgrid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2012, 36(7): 27-32.
[21] 辛焕海,李子恒,董炜,等.三相变流器并网系统的广义阻抗及稳定判据[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(5): 1277-1293.XIN Huanhai, LI Ziheng, DONG Wei, et al.Generalized-impedance and stability criterion for grid-connected converters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(5): 1277-1293.
[22] HE Jinwei, LI Yunwei, MUNIR M S.A flexible harmonic control approach through voltage-controlled DG-grid interfacing converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2012, 59(1): 444-455.
[23] 李光琦.电力系统暂态分析[M].3版.北京:中国电力出版社, 2007.LI Guangqi.Power system transient analysis[M].3rd ed.Beijing: China Electric Power Press, 2007.
[24] CHAPMAN S J. Electric machinery and power system fundamentals[M]. USA: McGraw-Hill, 2002.
[24] LOU V D S. Transients in power systems[M]. USA: Wiley, 2001.