赖氨酸芽孢杆菌GW-2菌株诱导碳酸盐矿物的形成
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摘要
为研究细菌促进碳酸盐矿物形成的机理,在B4培养基中对一株分离自土壤的赖氨酸芽孢杆菌GW-2菌株进行了为期40 d的培养实验,同时完成了一组加灭活菌的对照实验.在实验过程中,对培养液中的细菌数量、pH、Ca~(2+)浓度、沉淀物重量等进行测定.用X-射线衍射仪(X-ray diffraction,XRD)对矿物种类进行测定,用扫描电子显微镜(Scanning Electron Microscopy,SEM)对矿物形态进行观察.实验结果表明:(1)GW-2菌株具有促进碳酸盐矿物生成的能力,且随着培养时间的延长,沉淀物的重量逐渐增加;(2)GW-2菌株诱导下形成的矿物经历方解石→方解石+球霰石的转化;(3)矿物形态主要为由三角板片构成的碗状和由花瓣状构成的半球.
In order to understand the formation mechanism of carbonate minerals mediated by bacteria,culture experiments with a duration of 40 days were performed under the mediation of sinibacillus sp.(strain GW-2)isolated from soils using B4 medium. At the same time,the same medium with autoclaved bacteria was done as the control. During the cultivation,bacterial density,pH value,calcium concentration,precipitate quantities were measured. X-ray diffraction(XRD)was used to determine mineral species,and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)was used to observe mineral morphologies. The results were as follows:(1)Strain GW-2 could induce the precipitation of carbonate minerals,the quantities of carbonate gradually increased with incubation time.(2)The minerals induced by strain GW-2 experienced from calcite to calcite and vaterite with culture time.(3)The morphologies were almost bowl-shaped with a lot of triangle on their surface and hemisphere with petaline shape.
In order to understand the formation mechanism of carbonate minerals mediated by bacteria,culture experiments with a duration of 40 days were performed under the mediation of sinibacillus sp.(strain GW-2)isolated from soils using B4 medium. At the same time,the same medium with autoclaved bacteria was done as the control. During the cultivation,bacterial density,pH value,calcium concentration,precipitate quantities were measured. X-ray diffraction(XRD)was used to determine mineral species,and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)was used to observe mineral morphologies. The results were as follows:(1)Strain GW-2 could induce the precipitation of carbonate minerals,the quantities of carbonate gradually increased with incubation time.(2)The minerals induced by strain GW-2 experienced from calcite to calcite and vaterite with culture time.(3)The morphologies were almost bowl-shaped with a lot of triangle on their surface and hemisphere with petaline shape.
引文
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[4] Xu Q L,Zhang C H,Li F C,et al. Arthrobacter sp. strain MF-2 induces high-Mgcalcite formation:mechanism and implications for carbon fixation. Geomicrobiology Journal,2017,34(2):157-165.
[5] Palchik N A,Moroz T N. Polymorph modifica-tions of calcium carbonate in gallstones. Journal of Crystal Growth,2005,283(3/4):450-456.
[6] Zhou L,Jin Z D,Li F C,et al. Mineralogy of the otoliths of naked carp Gymnocypris przewalskii(Kessler)from lake Qinghaiand its Sr/Ca potential implications for migratory pattern. Science China Earth Sciences,2012,55(6):983-990.
[7] 王红梅,吴晓萍,邱轩等. 微生物成因的碳酸盐矿物研究进展. 微生物学通报,2013,40(1):180-189.(Wang H M,Wu X P,Qiu X,et al. Microbially induced carbonate precipitation:a review. Microbiology China,2013,40(1):180-189.)
[8] Boquet E,Boronat A,Ramos-Cormenzana A. Production of calcite(calcium carbonate)crystals by soil bacteria is a general phenomenon. Nature,1973,246(5434):527-529.
[9] 褚玥,曹成亮,连宾. 一株岩石放线菌对碳酸钙形貌的影响. 微生物学报,2016,56(7):1123-1131.(Yue Chu,Chengliang Cao,Bin Lian. Effect on calcium carbonate morphology by a strain of rock actinomycete. Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2016,56(7):1123-1131.)
[10] Vasconcelos C,Mckenzie J A,Bernasconi S,et al. Microbial mediation as a possible mechanism for natural dolomite formation at low temperatures. Nature,1995,377:220-222.
[11] Wright D T,Wacey D. Precipitation of dolomite using sulphate-reducing bacteria from the Coorong Region,South Australia:Significance and implications. Sedimentology,2005,52(5):987-1008.
[12] Warthmann R,Vasconcelos C,Sass H,et al. Desulfovibriobrasiliensis sp. nov.,a moderate halophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium from Lagoa Vermelha(Brazil)mediating dolomite formation. Extremophiles,2005,9(3):255-261.
[13] Sanchez-Román M,Romanek C S,Fernández-Remolar D C,et al. Aerobic biomineralization of Mg-rich carbonates:Implications for natural environments. Chemical Geology,2011,281(3-4):143-150.
[14] McKay D S,Gibson E K,Thomas-Keprta K L,et al. Search for past life on Mars:Possible relic biogenic activity in martian meteorite ALH84001. Science,1996,273:924-930.
[15] 季斌,陈威,樊杰等. 产脲酶微生物诱导钙沉淀及其工程应用研究进展. 南京大学学报(自然科学),2017,53(1):191-198.(Ji B,Chen W,Fan J,et al. Research progress on microbial induced calcium precipitation by ureolytic microbes and its prospect in engineering application. Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Sciences),2017,53(1):191-198.)
[16] Mann S. Biomineralization:Principles and Concepts in Bioinorganic Materials Chemistry. Oxford,UK:Oxford University Press,2001:198.
[17] Palchik N A,Moroz T N. Polymorph modifications of calcium carbonate in gallstones. Journal of Crystal Growth,2005,283:450-456.
[18] Lowenstam H A,Abbott D P. Vaterite:a mineralization product of the hard tissues of a marine organism(Ascidiacea). Science,1975,188:363-365.
[19] Hall A,Taylor J D. The occurrence of vaterite in gastropod egg-shells. Mineralogical Magazine,1971,38:521-522.
[20] Dennis J E,Xiao S Q,Agarwal M,et al. Microstructure of matrix and mineral Components of eggshells from White Leghorn chickens(Gallus-Gallus). Journal of Morphology,1996,228:287-306.
[21] Grasby S E. Naturally precipitating vaterite(μ-CaCO3)spheres:unusual carbonates formed in an extreme environment. Geochimica et Cosmochim Acta,2003,67:1659-1666.
[22] 汪小红,王刚,涂友志等. 高尔夫球状球霰石的简易制备研究. 人工晶体学报,2016,45(6):1691-1695.(Wang X H,Wang G,Tu Y Z,et al. Study on the facile fabrication of golf-like vaterite. Journal of Synthetic Crystals,2016,45(6):1691-1695.)
[23] 竹文坤,罗学刚,林晓燕等. 蛋清蛋白模板法控制合成球形碳酸钙. 人工晶体学报,2010,39(5):1336-1341.(Zhu W K,Luo X G,Lin X Y,et al. Synthesis of CaCO3 crystals using egg white protein as template. Journal of Synthetic Crystals,2010,39(5):1336-1341.)
[24] Carlos R N,Concepcion J L,Alejandro R N,et al. Bacterially mediated mineralization of vaterite. Geochimica,2007,71:1197-1213.
[25] 李福春,郭文文. 三种好氧细菌诱导碳酸钙矿物的形成. 南京大学学报(自然科学),2013,49(6):665-672.(Li F C,Guo W W. Three kinds of aetobic bacteria induced mineralization of calcium carbonate. Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Sciences),2013,49(6):665-672.)
[26] 徐青龙,李福春,张宠宏等. 赖氨酸芽孢杆菌GW-2菌株作用下碳钙镁石的形成. 微生物学报,2015,55(5):607-615.(Xu Q L,Li F C,Zhang C H,et al. Formation of huntite by Lysinibacillus sp. GW-2 strain. Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2015,55(5):607-615.)
[27] Omoike A,Chorover J. Spectroscopic study of extracellular polymeric substances from Bacillus subtilis:Aqueous chemistry and adsorption effects. Biomacromolecules,2004,5(4):1219-1230.
[28] Adav S S,Lee D J. Extraction of extracellular polymeric substances from aerobic granule with compact interior structure. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,154(1/3):1120-1126.
[29] 郭文文,李福春,张宠宏. 振荡与静置条件下细菌诱导形成的碳酸钙矿物类型与形态的对比. 高校地质学报,2018,2(24):76-83.(Guo W W,Li F C,Zhang C H. Species and morphologies of calcium carbonates induced by bacteria under shake culture and static culture. Geological Journal of China Universities,2018,2(24):76-83.)
[30] Kontoyannis C G,Vagenas N V. Calcium carbo-nate phase analysis using XRD and FT-Raman spectroscopy. Analyst,2000,125:251-255.
[31] 蒋建建,刘子琦,贺秋芳. 岩溶洞穴微生物沉积碳酸钙—以贵州石将军洞为例. 生态学报,2014,34(8):2028-2038.(Jiang J J,Liu Z Q,He Q F,et al. Karst cave bacterial calcium carbonate precipitation:the Shijiangjun cave in Guizhou,China. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(8):2028-2038.)
[32] 郭文文,马恒,李福春等. 梭菌MH18菌株诱导碳酸盐矿物的形成. 微生物学报,2012,52(2):221-227.(Guo W W,Ma H,Li F C,et al. Clostridium sp. MH18 strain induces the formation of carbonate minerals. Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2012,52(2):221-227.)
[33] Dickinson S R,Henderson G E,Mcgrath K M. Controlling the kinetic versus thermodynamic crystallisation of calcium carbonate. Journal of Crystal Growth,2002,244(3):369-378.
[34] Spanos N,Koutsoukos P G. Kinetics of precipitation of calcium carbonate in alkaline pH at constant supersaturation. spontaneous and seeded growth. Journal of Physical Chemistry B,1998,102(34):6679-6684.
[35] Mccaureyl J W,Roy R. Gontrolled nucleation and crystal growth of various CaCOu phases by the silica-gel technique. American Mineralogist,1974,59:947-963.
[36] Xie A J,Shen Y H,Zhang C Y,et al. Crustal growth of calcium carbonate with various morphologies in different amino acid systems. Journal of Crystal Growth,2005,285:436-443.
[37] Ogino T,Suzuki T,Sawada K. The formation and transformation mechanism of calcium carbonate in water. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1987,51:2757-2767.
[38] Kralj D,Brecevic L,Kontrec J. Vaterite growth and dissolutionin aqueous solution III.kinetics of transformation. Journal of Crystal Growth,1997,177:248-257.
[39] Vecht A,Ireland T G. The role of vaterite and aragonite in the formation of pseudo-biogenic carbonate structures:implications for Martian exobiology. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2000,64:2719-2725.
[40] Ercole C,Cacchio P,Botta A L,et al. Bacterially induced mineralization of calcium carbonate:the role of exopolysaccharides and capsular polysaccharides. Microscopy and Microanalysis,2007,13:42-50.
[41] 贾秀玲,薛中会,胡彬彬等. 牛血清白蛋白LB膜诱导方解石的生长. 无机化学学报,2008,24(10):1615-1620.(Jia X L,Xue Z H,Hu B B,et al. Calcite crystals growth was induced by BSA LB film. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry,2008,24(10):1615-1620.)
[42] 吴新志,戴树玺,薛中会. 多肽Langmuir 膜控制下方解石晶体的生长. 无机化学学报,2009,25(9):1657-1662.(Wu X Z,Dai S X,XUE Z H. Calcite crystals growth regulated by polypeptide Langmuir monolayer. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry,2009,25(9):1657-1662.)
[43] 王宝基,李晓华. 生物单层膜调控不同形貌方解石单晶生长研究. 河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2012,31(2):172-176.(Wang B J,Li X H. Study of calcite single crystals growth with different morphology regulated under biologic monolayer. Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Sciences),2012,31(2):172-176.)
[2] 欧阳健明. 生物矿物及其矿化过程. 化学进展,2005,17(4):749-756.(OuYang J M. Biominerals and their mineralization process. Pregress in Chemistry,2005,17(4):749-756.)
[3] Weiner S,Dove P M. An overview of biomineralization processes and the problem of the vital effect. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry,2003,54:1-29.
[4] Xu Q L,Zhang C H,Li F C,et al. Arthrobacter sp. strain MF-2 induces high-Mgcalcite formation:mechanism and implications for carbon fixation. Geomicrobiology Journal,2017,34(2):157-165.
[5] Palchik N A,Moroz T N. Polymorph modifica-tions of calcium carbonate in gallstones. Journal of Crystal Growth,2005,283(3/4):450-456.
[6] Zhou L,Jin Z D,Li F C,et al. Mineralogy of the otoliths of naked carp Gymnocypris przewalskii(Kessler)from lake Qinghaiand its Sr/Ca potential implications for migratory pattern. Science China Earth Sciences,2012,55(6):983-990.
[7] 王红梅,吴晓萍,邱轩等. 微生物成因的碳酸盐矿物研究进展. 微生物学通报,2013,40(1):180-189.(Wang H M,Wu X P,Qiu X,et al. Microbially induced carbonate precipitation:a review. Microbiology China,2013,40(1):180-189.)
[8] Boquet E,Boronat A,Ramos-Cormenzana A. Production of calcite(calcium carbonate)crystals by soil bacteria is a general phenomenon. Nature,1973,246(5434):527-529.
[9] 褚玥,曹成亮,连宾. 一株岩石放线菌对碳酸钙形貌的影响. 微生物学报,2016,56(7):1123-1131.(Yue Chu,Chengliang Cao,Bin Lian. Effect on calcium carbonate morphology by a strain of rock actinomycete. Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2016,56(7):1123-1131.)
[10] Vasconcelos C,Mckenzie J A,Bernasconi S,et al. Microbial mediation as a possible mechanism for natural dolomite formation at low temperatures. Nature,1995,377:220-222.
[11] Wright D T,Wacey D. Precipitation of dolomite using sulphate-reducing bacteria from the Coorong Region,South Australia:Significance and implications. Sedimentology,2005,52(5):987-1008.
[12] Warthmann R,Vasconcelos C,Sass H,et al. Desulfovibriobrasiliensis sp. nov.,a moderate halophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium from Lagoa Vermelha(Brazil)mediating dolomite formation. Extremophiles,2005,9(3):255-261.
[13] Sanchez-Román M,Romanek C S,Fernández-Remolar D C,et al. Aerobic biomineralization of Mg-rich carbonates:Implications for natural environments. Chemical Geology,2011,281(3-4):143-150.
[14] McKay D S,Gibson E K,Thomas-Keprta K L,et al. Search for past life on Mars:Possible relic biogenic activity in martian meteorite ALH84001. Science,1996,273:924-930.
[15] 季斌,陈威,樊杰等. 产脲酶微生物诱导钙沉淀及其工程应用研究进展. 南京大学学报(自然科学),2017,53(1):191-198.(Ji B,Chen W,Fan J,et al. Research progress on microbial induced calcium precipitation by ureolytic microbes and its prospect in engineering application. Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Sciences),2017,53(1):191-198.)
[16] Mann S. Biomineralization:Principles and Concepts in Bioinorganic Materials Chemistry. Oxford,UK:Oxford University Press,2001:198.
[17] Palchik N A,Moroz T N. Polymorph modifications of calcium carbonate in gallstones. Journal of Crystal Growth,2005,283:450-456.
[18] Lowenstam H A,Abbott D P. Vaterite:a mineralization product of the hard tissues of a marine organism(Ascidiacea). Science,1975,188:363-365.
[19] Hall A,Taylor J D. The occurrence of vaterite in gastropod egg-shells. Mineralogical Magazine,1971,38:521-522.
[20] Dennis J E,Xiao S Q,Agarwal M,et al. Microstructure of matrix and mineral Components of eggshells from White Leghorn chickens(Gallus-Gallus). Journal of Morphology,1996,228:287-306.
[21] Grasby S E. Naturally precipitating vaterite(μ-CaCO3)spheres:unusual carbonates formed in an extreme environment. Geochimica et Cosmochim Acta,2003,67:1659-1666.
[22] 汪小红,王刚,涂友志等. 高尔夫球状球霰石的简易制备研究. 人工晶体学报,2016,45(6):1691-1695.(Wang X H,Wang G,Tu Y Z,et al. Study on the facile fabrication of golf-like vaterite. Journal of Synthetic Crystals,2016,45(6):1691-1695.)
[23] 竹文坤,罗学刚,林晓燕等. 蛋清蛋白模板法控制合成球形碳酸钙. 人工晶体学报,2010,39(5):1336-1341.(Zhu W K,Luo X G,Lin X Y,et al. Synthesis of CaCO3 crystals using egg white protein as template. Journal of Synthetic Crystals,2010,39(5):1336-1341.)
[24] Carlos R N,Concepcion J L,Alejandro R N,et al. Bacterially mediated mineralization of vaterite. Geochimica,2007,71:1197-1213.
[25] 李福春,郭文文. 三种好氧细菌诱导碳酸钙矿物的形成. 南京大学学报(自然科学),2013,49(6):665-672.(Li F C,Guo W W. Three kinds of aetobic bacteria induced mineralization of calcium carbonate. Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Sciences),2013,49(6):665-672.)
[26] 徐青龙,李福春,张宠宏等. 赖氨酸芽孢杆菌GW-2菌株作用下碳钙镁石的形成. 微生物学报,2015,55(5):607-615.(Xu Q L,Li F C,Zhang C H,et al. Formation of huntite by Lysinibacillus sp. GW-2 strain. Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2015,55(5):607-615.)
[27] Omoike A,Chorover J. Spectroscopic study of extracellular polymeric substances from Bacillus subtilis:Aqueous chemistry and adsorption effects. Biomacromolecules,2004,5(4):1219-1230.
[28] Adav S S,Lee D J. Extraction of extracellular polymeric substances from aerobic granule with compact interior structure. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,154(1/3):1120-1126.
[29] 郭文文,李福春,张宠宏. 振荡与静置条件下细菌诱导形成的碳酸钙矿物类型与形态的对比. 高校地质学报,2018,2(24):76-83.(Guo W W,Li F C,Zhang C H. Species and morphologies of calcium carbonates induced by bacteria under shake culture and static culture. Geological Journal of China Universities,2018,2(24):76-83.)
[30] Kontoyannis C G,Vagenas N V. Calcium carbo-nate phase analysis using XRD and FT-Raman spectroscopy. Analyst,2000,125:251-255.
[31] 蒋建建,刘子琦,贺秋芳. 岩溶洞穴微生物沉积碳酸钙—以贵州石将军洞为例. 生态学报,2014,34(8):2028-2038.(Jiang J J,Liu Z Q,He Q F,et al. Karst cave bacterial calcium carbonate precipitation:the Shijiangjun cave in Guizhou,China. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(8):2028-2038.)
[32] 郭文文,马恒,李福春等. 梭菌MH18菌株诱导碳酸盐矿物的形成. 微生物学报,2012,52(2):221-227.(Guo W W,Ma H,Li F C,et al. Clostridium sp. MH18 strain induces the formation of carbonate minerals. Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2012,52(2):221-227.)
[33] Dickinson S R,Henderson G E,Mcgrath K M. Controlling the kinetic versus thermodynamic crystallisation of calcium carbonate. Journal of Crystal Growth,2002,244(3):369-378.
[34] Spanos N,Koutsoukos P G. Kinetics of precipitation of calcium carbonate in alkaline pH at constant supersaturation. spontaneous and seeded growth. Journal of Physical Chemistry B,1998,102(34):6679-6684.
[35] Mccaureyl J W,Roy R. Gontrolled nucleation and crystal growth of various CaCOu phases by the silica-gel technique. American Mineralogist,1974,59:947-963.
[36] Xie A J,Shen Y H,Zhang C Y,et al. Crustal growth of calcium carbonate with various morphologies in different amino acid systems. Journal of Crystal Growth,2005,285:436-443.
[37] Ogino T,Suzuki T,Sawada K. The formation and transformation mechanism of calcium carbonate in water. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1987,51:2757-2767.
[38] Kralj D,Brecevic L,Kontrec J. Vaterite growth and dissolutionin aqueous solution III.kinetics of transformation. Journal of Crystal Growth,1997,177:248-257.
[39] Vecht A,Ireland T G. The role of vaterite and aragonite in the formation of pseudo-biogenic carbonate structures:implications for Martian exobiology. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2000,64:2719-2725.
[40] Ercole C,Cacchio P,Botta A L,et al. Bacterially induced mineralization of calcium carbonate:the role of exopolysaccharides and capsular polysaccharides. Microscopy and Microanalysis,2007,13:42-50.
[41] 贾秀玲,薛中会,胡彬彬等. 牛血清白蛋白LB膜诱导方解石的生长. 无机化学学报,2008,24(10):1615-1620.(Jia X L,Xue Z H,Hu B B,et al. Calcite crystals growth was induced by BSA LB film. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry,2008,24(10):1615-1620.)
[42] 吴新志,戴树玺,薛中会. 多肽Langmuir 膜控制下方解石晶体的生长. 无机化学学报,2009,25(9):1657-1662.(Wu X Z,Dai S X,XUE Z H. Calcite crystals growth regulated by polypeptide Langmuir monolayer. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry,2009,25(9):1657-1662.)
[43] 王宝基,李晓华. 生物单层膜调控不同形貌方解石单晶生长研究. 河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2012,31(2):172-176.(Wang B J,Li X H. Study of calcite single crystals growth with different morphology regulated under biologic monolayer. Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Sciences),2012,31(2):172-176.)