不同截面形状砂岩试样的力学特性试验研究
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摘要
人们通常采用实心圆柱试样进行静态及动态加载试验分析岩石的力学特性,然而实际工程岩体中方形和空心圆柱体试样也很常见。为了研究不同横截面形状对岩石力学特征的影响,本文对相同高度和横截面面积的完整圆柱试样、方形试样和厚壁圆筒试样进行单轴压缩试验和声发射检测。试验结果表明,方形截面菱角、厚壁圆筒试样孔道自由面有利于岩石的局部变形,方形试样强度比实心圆柱体试样偏低6.2%而比厚壁圆筒试样偏高10.0%,方形试样弹性模量分别比实心圆柱体试样和厚壁圆筒试样偏低4.7%、2.8%。实心圆柱试样和厚壁圆筒试样在单轴压缩过程中峰值强度之前可释放弹性能占吸收总能量比值比方形试样大,耗散能所占比值比其小。实心圆柱试样和厚壁圆筒试样破坏以张拉复合破坏为主,方形试样出现了"沙漏"状的破坏形式,试样菱角处都出现明显的剪切面。研究结果为理解岩石的失稳破坏提供了参考。
The solid cylindrical rock samples are always used to investigate the mechanical properties of rocks in static and dynamic tests. However,the prism and hollow cylindrical samples are also common in practical engineering.To study the mechanical behavior of rocks induced by shapes,the uniaxial compression and acoustic emission( AE)testing were carried out considering the solid cylindrical,prism,hollow cylindrical shaped samples with the same height and the cross-sectional area. Results show that corners of square cross-section and free surface of hollow cylinder are beneficial to the local deformation of rock. The strength for prism sample is 6.2% lower than that of solid cylindrical sample but is 10% higher than that of hollow cylindrical sample,while the elastic modulus is 4.8% lower than that of solid cylindrical sample and is 2.8% lower than that of hollow cylindrical sample. As for solid and hollow cylindrical samples,the ratio of the releasable elastic energy to the total absorbed energy is larger than that of prism samples under uniaxial compression,while the dissipated energy of the total absorbed energy is smaller than that of the prism ones. Failure modes of solid and hollow cylindrical samples are mainly tensile-shear failure,while the prism specimen is an hour-glass failure mode. The results provide a reference to study the rock failure.
The solid cylindrical rock samples are always used to investigate the mechanical properties of rocks in static and dynamic tests. However,the prism and hollow cylindrical samples are also common in practical engineering.To study the mechanical behavior of rocks induced by shapes,the uniaxial compression and acoustic emission( AE)testing were carried out considering the solid cylindrical,prism,hollow cylindrical shaped samples with the same height and the cross-sectional area. Results show that corners of square cross-section and free surface of hollow cylinder are beneficial to the local deformation of rock. The strength for prism sample is 6.2% lower than that of solid cylindrical sample but is 10% higher than that of hollow cylindrical sample,while the elastic modulus is 4.8% lower than that of solid cylindrical sample and is 2.8% lower than that of hollow cylindrical sample. As for solid and hollow cylindrical samples,the ratio of the releasable elastic energy to the total absorbed energy is larger than that of prism samples under uniaxial compression,while the dissipated energy of the total absorbed energy is smaller than that of the prism ones. Failure modes of solid and hollow cylindrical samples are mainly tensile-shear failure,while the prism specimen is an hour-glass failure mode. The results provide a reference to study the rock failure.
引文
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[18]贺桂成,李玉兰,丁德馨.不同高径比石膏试样强度与尺寸效应的试验研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(6):1464-1470.(He Guicheng,Li Yulan,Ding Dexin.Experimental investigation on strength and size effect of the gypsum sample in different height to diameter ratios[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(6):1464-1470.(in Chinese))
[19]谢和平,鞠杨,黎立云.基于能量耗散与释放原理的岩石强度与整体破坏准则[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3003-3010.(Xie Heping,Ju Yang,Ni Liyun.Criteria for strength and structural failure of rocks based on energy dissipation and energy release principles[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(17):3003-3010.(in Chinese))
[20]尤明庆,苏承东.大理岩试样循环加载强化作用的试验研究[J].固体力学学报,2009,29(1):66-72.(You Mingqing,Su Chengdong.Experimental study on strengthening of marble specimen in cyclic loading of uniaxial or pseudo-triaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Solid Mechanics,2009,29(1):66-72.(in Chinese))
[21]黄达,黄润秋,张永兴.粗晶大理岩压缩力学特性的静态加载速率效应及能量机制试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(2):245-255.(Huang Da,Huang Runqiu,Zhang Yongxing.Experimental investigations on static loading rate effects on mechanical properties and energy mechanism of coarse crystal grain marble under uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(2):245-255.(in Chinese))
[22]Viso J R D,Carmona J R,Ruiz G.Shape and size effects on the compressive strength of high-strength concrete[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2008,38(3):386-395.
[2]张安斌,刘祥鑫,张艳博,等.不同含水率泥质粉砂岩破裂声发射特性试验研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2017,13(3):591-597.(Zhang Anbin,Liu Xiangxin,Zhang Yanbo,et al.Experimental research on acoustic emission characteristics of argillaceous siltstone failure under different moisture contents[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2017,13(3):591-597.(in Chinese))
[3]Zhao Y L,Zhang L Y,Wang W,et al.Transient pulse test and morphological analysis of single rock fractures[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2017,91:139-154.
[4]Zhao Y L,Zhang L Y,Wang W,et al.Cracking and stress-strain behavior of rock-like material containing two flaws under uniaxial compression[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2016,49(7):2665-2687.
[5]李回贵,高保彬,李化敏.单轴压缩下煤岩宏观破裂结构及声发射特性研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2015,11(3):612-618.(Li Huigui,Gao Baobin,Li Huamin.Study on macroscopic fracture structure and acoustic emission character of coal rock under uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2015,11(3):612-618.(in Chinese))
[6]Hudson J A,Crouch S L,Fairhurst C.Soft,stiff and servo-controlled testing machines:a review with reference to rock failure[J].Engineering Geology,1972,6(3):155-189.
[7]尤明庆,苏承东.大理岩试样的长度对单轴压缩试验的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(22):3754-3760.(You Mingqing,Su Chengdong.Effect of length of fine and coarse crystal marble specimens on uniaxial compression tests[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(22):3754-3760.(in Chinese))
[8]Fairhurst C E,Hudson J A.Draft ISRM suggested method for the complete stress-strain curve for intact rock in uniaxial compression[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1999,36(3):279-289.
[9]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.水利水电工程岩石试验规程(SL264-2001)[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People's Republic of China.Specifications for rock tests in water conservancy and hydroelectric engineering(SL264-2001)[S].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[10]Gay N C.Fracture growth around openings in thickwalled cylinders of rock subjected to hydrostatic compression[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1973(10):209-233.
[11]Alsayed M I.Utilising the Hoek triaxial cell for multiaxial testing of hollow rock cylinders[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,2002,39(3):355-366.
[12]Labiouse V,Sauthier C,You S.Hollow cylinder simulation experiments of galleries in boom clay formation[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering2014,47(1):53-55.
[13]Zhao X G,Cai M,Wang J,et al.Strength comparison between cylindrical and prism specimens of Beishan granite under uniaxial compression[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2015,76:10-17.
[14]Mogi K.The influence of the dimensions of specimens on the fracture strength of rocks:comparison between the strength of rock specimens and that of the Earth’s crust[J].Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute,1962,40:175-185.
[15]Bésuelle P,Desrues J,Raynaud S.Experimental characterisation of the localisation phenomenon inside a Vosges sandstone in a triaxial cell[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and mining Sciences,2000,37(8):1223-1237.
[16]Elkadi A S,Van Mier J G M,Sluys L J.Multiaxial failure of low-cohesive frictional materials:fracture behaviour and size dependency[J].Philosophical Magazine,2006,86(21):3137-3159.
[17]梁正召,唐春安,张娟霞,等.岩石三维破坏数值模型及形状效应的模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(4):699-704.(Liang Zhengzhao,Tang Chunan,Zhang Juanxia,et al.Three-dimensional damage model for failure process of rocks and associated numerical simulation of geometry effect[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(4):699-704.(in Chinese))
[18]贺桂成,李玉兰,丁德馨.不同高径比石膏试样强度与尺寸效应的试验研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(6):1464-1470.(He Guicheng,Li Yulan,Ding Dexin.Experimental investigation on strength and size effect of the gypsum sample in different height to diameter ratios[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(6):1464-1470.(in Chinese))
[19]谢和平,鞠杨,黎立云.基于能量耗散与释放原理的岩石强度与整体破坏准则[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3003-3010.(Xie Heping,Ju Yang,Ni Liyun.Criteria for strength and structural failure of rocks based on energy dissipation and energy release principles[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(17):3003-3010.(in Chinese))
[20]尤明庆,苏承东.大理岩试样循环加载强化作用的试验研究[J].固体力学学报,2009,29(1):66-72.(You Mingqing,Su Chengdong.Experimental study on strengthening of marble specimen in cyclic loading of uniaxial or pseudo-triaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Solid Mechanics,2009,29(1):66-72.(in Chinese))
[21]黄达,黄润秋,张永兴.粗晶大理岩压缩力学特性的静态加载速率效应及能量机制试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(2):245-255.(Huang Da,Huang Runqiu,Zhang Yongxing.Experimental investigations on static loading rate effects on mechanical properties and energy mechanism of coarse crystal grain marble under uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(2):245-255.(in Chinese))
[22]Viso J R D,Carmona J R,Ruiz G.Shape and size effects on the compressive strength of high-strength concrete[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2008,38(3):386-395.