脂肪酸钙替代豆油对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、免疫与代谢指标的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究饱和脂肪酸钙和不饱和脂肪酸钙替代豆油对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、免疫和代谢指标的影响。选取360尾初始体重为(0.30±0.02) g的凡纳滨对虾为研究对象,随机分为3组,分别饲喂基础饲料(D_1)、不饱和脂肪酸钙(D_2)及饱和脂肪酸钙(D_3)替代豆油的试验饲料,每组3个重复,每个重复40尾虾,试验期为56 d。结果表明:各组间存活率、增重率、特定生长率、肝体比、肌肉粗蛋白质和粗灰分含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。各组间肝胰腺中总抗氧化能力以及淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶活性均无显著差异(P>0.05),D_2、D_3组肝胰腺中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著低于D_1组(P<0.05)。各组间血淋巴中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽S转移酶活性均无显著差异(P>0.05);但D_3组血淋巴中丙二醛含量显著高于D_1组(P<0.05),D_1与D_2组间无显著差异(P>0.05); D_3组血淋巴中苹果酸脱氢酶活性显著低于D_1组(P<0.05); D_3组血淋巴中葡萄糖含量显著高于D_1组(P<0.05),D_1与D_2组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。由此可见,在本试验条件下,以脂肪酸钙替代凡纳滨对虾饲料中的豆油是可行的,并且不饱和脂肪酸钙的替代效果优于饱和脂肪酸钙。
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid calcium on growth performance,immunity and metabolic Indexes of Penaeus vannamei. A total of 360 Litopenaeus vannamei with an initial body weight of (0.30±0.02) g were selected and divided into 3 groups,and fed a basal diet and test diets with soybean oil replaced by unsaturated fatty acid calcium (D_2) and saturated fatty acid calcium replaced by soybean oil diet (D_3),respectively. Each group had three replicates,40 shrimps per replicate,and the experimental period was 56 days. The results showed that the survival rate,weight gain rate,specific growth rate,liver-body ratio,crude protein and ash contents in muscle of Litopenaeus vannamei had no significant effects among groups (P>0.05); the total antioxidant capacity of liver and pancreas,as well as the activities of amylase,trypsin,alanine transaminase,glutamic oxalacetic transaminase,alkaline phosphatase,acid phosphatase in shrimp had no significant effects among groups (P>0.05),but the activity of glutathione peroxidase in liver and pancreas of shrimp in D_2 and D_3 groups was significantly lower than that in D_1 group (P<0.05). The activities of glutathione peroxidase,glutathione S transferase in hemolymph of shrimp were not significantly different among groups (P>0.05). M alondialdehyde content in hemolymph in D_3 group was significantly higher than that in D_1 group (P < 0. 05),and there was no significant difference between D_1 group and D_2 group (P > 0. 05); malate dehydrogenase activity in D_3 group was significantly lower than that in D_1 group; glucose content in D_3 group was significantly higher than that in D_1 group (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between D_1 group and D_2 group (P>0.05). It can be concluded that it is feasible to substitute fatty acid calcium for soybean oil in shrimp diets,and the substitution effect of unsaturated fatty acid calcium is better than that of saturated fatty acid calcium.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid calcium on growth performance,immunity and metabolic Indexes of Penaeus vannamei. A total of 360 Litopenaeus vannamei with an initial body weight of (0.30±0.02) g were selected and divided into 3 groups,and fed a basal diet and test diets with soybean oil replaced by unsaturated fatty acid calcium (D_2) and saturated fatty acid calcium replaced by soybean oil diet (D_3),respectively. Each group had three replicates,40 shrimps per replicate,and the experimental period was 56 days. The results showed that the survival rate,weight gain rate,specific growth rate,liver-body ratio,crude protein and ash contents in muscle of Litopenaeus vannamei had no significant effects among groups (P>0.05); the total antioxidant capacity of liver and pancreas,as well as the activities of amylase,trypsin,alanine transaminase,glutamic oxalacetic transaminase,alkaline phosphatase,acid phosphatase in shrimp had no significant effects among groups (P>0.05),but the activity of glutathione peroxidase in liver and pancreas of shrimp in D_2 and D_3 groups was significantly lower than that in D_1 group (P<0.05). The activities of glutathione peroxidase,glutathione S transferase in hemolymph of shrimp were not significantly different among groups (P>0.05). M alondialdehyde content in hemolymph in D_3 group was significantly higher than that in D_1 group (P < 0. 05),and there was no significant difference between D_1 group and D_2 group (P > 0. 05); malate dehydrogenase activity in D_3 group was significantly lower than that in D_1 group; glucose content in D_3 group was significantly higher than that in D_1 group (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between D_1 group and D_2 group (P>0.05). It can be concluded that it is feasible to substitute fatty acid calcium for soybean oil in shrimp diets,and the substitution effect of unsaturated fatty acid calcium is better than that of saturated fatty acid calcium.
引文
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[2]左然涛,麦康森,徐玮,等.脂肪酸对鱼类免疫系统的影响及调控机制研究进展[J].水产学报,2015,39(7):1079-1088.
[3]DOSANJH B S,HIGGS D A,MCKENZIE D J,et al.Influence of dietary blends of menhaden oil and canola oil on grow th,muscle lipid composition,and thyroidal status of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)in sea w ater[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,1998,19(2):123-134.
[4]胡水鑫,王骥腾,韩涛,等.水产饲料脂肪来源及前景分析[J].安徽农学通报,2012,18(9):183-185.
[5]胡毅,谭北平,麦康森,等.不同碳水化合物水平饲料对凡纳滨对虾生长及部分生理生化指标的影响[J].水生生物学报,2009,33(2):289-295.
[6]HAN Y,PAENGKOUM P,XIA X L,et al.Effect of probiotics and by-pass fat on rumen metabolism and average daily gain of grow ing goats fed w hole plant corn silage during dry season[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2008,20(3):329-336.
[7]杨魁,韩阳,周岩,等.脂肪酸钙在反刍动物饲料中的应用研究进展[J].中国奶牛,2015(17):6-11.
[8]刘军彪,刘光磊,张勇峰,等.脂肪酸钙加工工艺及其在反刍动物营养中的应用[C]//第六届中国奶业大会论文集.福州:中国奶业协会,2015:4.
[9]WU F C,CHEN H Y.Effects of dietary linolenic acid to linoleic acid ratio on grow th,tissue fatty acid profile and immune response of the juvenile grouper Epinephelus malabaricus[J].Aquaculture,2012,324-325:111-117.
[10]崔和.我国对虾产业市场分析、发展现状及前景[J].中国水产,2011(6):68-71.
[11]王彩理,刘丛力,滕瑜.南美白对虾的营养需求及饲料配制[J].天津水产,2008(3/4):7-12.
[12]丁瑶萍.虾类对脂类的营养需求及其利用机理的研究[J].中国饲料,2000(3):21-23.
[13]CHOUBERT G,DE LA NOE J,LUQUET P.Digestibility in fish:improved device for the automatic collection of feces[J].Aquaculture,1982,29(1/2):185-189.
[14]CHO C Y,KAUSHIK S J.Nutritional energetics in fish:energy and protein utilization in rainbow trout(Salmo gairdneri)[J].World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics,1990,61:132-172.
[15]孙瑞健,张文兵,徐玮,等.饲料蛋白质水平与投喂频率对大黄鱼生长、体组成及蛋白质代谢的影响[J].水生生物学报,2013,37(2):281-289.
[16]何金星.饥饿复投喂下克氏原螯虾的补偿生长研究[D].硕士学位论文.南京:南京大学,2010.
[17]工爱民.饲料脂肪水平对吉富罗非鱼生长及脂肪代谢调节的研究[D].博士学位论文.南京:南京农业大学,2011.
[18]林向东,谢瑞涛,钟灵香,等.饲料中添加不同油脂对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长及肝脏脂肪酸的影响[J].南方农业学报,2011,42(4):441-445.
[19]吴纯衡.草虾对饲料脂质及胆固醇之需求量[M]//庄健隆,萧锡延.台湾水产饲料之研究与发展(上).基隆:台湾省水产协会编辑委员会,1986:67-72.
[20]刘穗华,曹俊明,黄燕华,等.植物油替代鱼油对凡纳滨对虾的生长性能和肝体比的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,2010,31(4):95-99.
[21]张璐,陈立侨,洪美玲,等.中华绒螯蟹对11种饲料原料蛋白质和氨基酸的表观消化率[J].水产学报,2007,31(增刊):116-121.
[22]VOGT G,STORCH V,QUINITIO E T,et al.Midgut gland as monitor organ for the nutritional value of diets in Penaeus monodon(Decapoda)[J].Aquaculture,1985,48(1):1-12.
[23]STORCH V,ANGER K.Influence of starvation and feeding on the hepatopancreas of larval Hyas araneus(Decapoda,Majidae)[J].Helgolnder Meeresuntersuchungen,1983,36(1):67-75.
[24]STORCH V,JUARIO J V,PASCUAL F P.Early effects of nutritional stress on the liver of milkfish,Chanos chanos(Forsskal),and on the hepatopancreas of the tiger praw n,Penaeus monodon(Fabricius)[J].Aquaculture,1984,36(3):229-236.
[25]GRIFFIN R L,WOODHOUSE M A,STANIER J E.The fine structure of the hepatopancreas of Carcinus maenas(L.)(Decapoda Brachyura)[J].Crustaceana,1968,14(1):56-66.
[26]杨贤庆,吕军伟,林婉玲,等.DHA功能特性以及抗氧化性研究进展[J].食品工业科技,2014,35(2):390-394.
[27]STICKNEY R R,ANDREWS J W.Combined effects of dietary lipids and environmental temperature on grow th,metabolism and body composition of channel catfish(Ictalurus punctatus)[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1971,101(12):1703-1710.
[28]LIM C,AKO H,BROWN C L,et al.Growth response and fatty acid composition of juvenile Penaeus vannamei fed different sources of dietary lipid[J].Aquaculture,1997,151(1/2/3/4):143-153.
[29]季文娟.野生及人工养殖的中国对虾(Penaeus Chinensis)的脂肪酸组成的分析及比较研究[J].中国水产科学,1996,3(1):16-20.
[30]蔡永祥,谢国驷,边文冀,等.几种环保型饲料添加剂对日本沼虾生长、消化酶的影响[J].南京师大学报(自然科学版),2008,31(3):113-117.
[31]文国樑,林黑着,李卓佳,等.饲料中添加复方中草药对凡纳滨对虾生长、消化酶和免疫相关酶活性的影响[J].南方水产科学,2012,8(2):58-63.
[32]许友卿,张海柱,丁兆坤.二十二碳六烯酸和二十碳五烯酸研究进展(1)[J].生物学通报,2007,42(11):13-15.
[2]左然涛,麦康森,徐玮,等.脂肪酸对鱼类免疫系统的影响及调控机制研究进展[J].水产学报,2015,39(7):1079-1088.
[3]DOSANJH B S,HIGGS D A,MCKENZIE D J,et al.Influence of dietary blends of menhaden oil and canola oil on grow th,muscle lipid composition,and thyroidal status of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)in sea w ater[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,1998,19(2):123-134.
[4]胡水鑫,王骥腾,韩涛,等.水产饲料脂肪来源及前景分析[J].安徽农学通报,2012,18(9):183-185.
[5]胡毅,谭北平,麦康森,等.不同碳水化合物水平饲料对凡纳滨对虾生长及部分生理生化指标的影响[J].水生生物学报,2009,33(2):289-295.
[6]HAN Y,PAENGKOUM P,XIA X L,et al.Effect of probiotics and by-pass fat on rumen metabolism and average daily gain of grow ing goats fed w hole plant corn silage during dry season[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2008,20(3):329-336.
[7]杨魁,韩阳,周岩,等.脂肪酸钙在反刍动物饲料中的应用研究进展[J].中国奶牛,2015(17):6-11.
[8]刘军彪,刘光磊,张勇峰,等.脂肪酸钙加工工艺及其在反刍动物营养中的应用[C]//第六届中国奶业大会论文集.福州:中国奶业协会,2015:4.
[9]WU F C,CHEN H Y.Effects of dietary linolenic acid to linoleic acid ratio on grow th,tissue fatty acid profile and immune response of the juvenile grouper Epinephelus malabaricus[J].Aquaculture,2012,324-325:111-117.
[10]崔和.我国对虾产业市场分析、发展现状及前景[J].中国水产,2011(6):68-71.
[11]王彩理,刘丛力,滕瑜.南美白对虾的营养需求及饲料配制[J].天津水产,2008(3/4):7-12.
[12]丁瑶萍.虾类对脂类的营养需求及其利用机理的研究[J].中国饲料,2000(3):21-23.
[13]CHOUBERT G,DE LA NOE J,LUQUET P.Digestibility in fish:improved device for the automatic collection of feces[J].Aquaculture,1982,29(1/2):185-189.
[14]CHO C Y,KAUSHIK S J.Nutritional energetics in fish:energy and protein utilization in rainbow trout(Salmo gairdneri)[J].World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics,1990,61:132-172.
[15]孙瑞健,张文兵,徐玮,等.饲料蛋白质水平与投喂频率对大黄鱼生长、体组成及蛋白质代谢的影响[J].水生生物学报,2013,37(2):281-289.
[16]何金星.饥饿复投喂下克氏原螯虾的补偿生长研究[D].硕士学位论文.南京:南京大学,2010.
[17]工爱民.饲料脂肪水平对吉富罗非鱼生长及脂肪代谢调节的研究[D].博士学位论文.南京:南京农业大学,2011.
[18]林向东,谢瑞涛,钟灵香,等.饲料中添加不同油脂对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长及肝脏脂肪酸的影响[J].南方农业学报,2011,42(4):441-445.
[19]吴纯衡.草虾对饲料脂质及胆固醇之需求量[M]//庄健隆,萧锡延.台湾水产饲料之研究与发展(上).基隆:台湾省水产协会编辑委员会,1986:67-72.
[20]刘穗华,曹俊明,黄燕华,等.植物油替代鱼油对凡纳滨对虾的生长性能和肝体比的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,2010,31(4):95-99.
[21]张璐,陈立侨,洪美玲,等.中华绒螯蟹对11种饲料原料蛋白质和氨基酸的表观消化率[J].水产学报,2007,31(增刊):116-121.
[22]VOGT G,STORCH V,QUINITIO E T,et al.Midgut gland as monitor organ for the nutritional value of diets in Penaeus monodon(Decapoda)[J].Aquaculture,1985,48(1):1-12.
[23]STORCH V,ANGER K.Influence of starvation and feeding on the hepatopancreas of larval Hyas araneus(Decapoda,Majidae)[J].Helgolnder Meeresuntersuchungen,1983,36(1):67-75.
[24]STORCH V,JUARIO J V,PASCUAL F P.Early effects of nutritional stress on the liver of milkfish,Chanos chanos(Forsskal),and on the hepatopancreas of the tiger praw n,Penaeus monodon(Fabricius)[J].Aquaculture,1984,36(3):229-236.
[25]GRIFFIN R L,WOODHOUSE M A,STANIER J E.The fine structure of the hepatopancreas of Carcinus maenas(L.)(Decapoda Brachyura)[J].Crustaceana,1968,14(1):56-66.
[26]杨贤庆,吕军伟,林婉玲,等.DHA功能特性以及抗氧化性研究进展[J].食品工业科技,2014,35(2):390-394.
[27]STICKNEY R R,ANDREWS J W.Combined effects of dietary lipids and environmental temperature on grow th,metabolism and body composition of channel catfish(Ictalurus punctatus)[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1971,101(12):1703-1710.
[28]LIM C,AKO H,BROWN C L,et al.Growth response and fatty acid composition of juvenile Penaeus vannamei fed different sources of dietary lipid[J].Aquaculture,1997,151(1/2/3/4):143-153.
[29]季文娟.野生及人工养殖的中国对虾(Penaeus Chinensis)的脂肪酸组成的分析及比较研究[J].中国水产科学,1996,3(1):16-20.
[30]蔡永祥,谢国驷,边文冀,等.几种环保型饲料添加剂对日本沼虾生长、消化酶的影响[J].南京师大学报(自然科学版),2008,31(3):113-117.
[31]文国樑,林黑着,李卓佳,等.饲料中添加复方中草药对凡纳滨对虾生长、消化酶和免疫相关酶活性的影响[J].南方水产科学,2012,8(2):58-63.
[32]许友卿,张海柱,丁兆坤.二十二碳六烯酸和二十碳五烯酸研究进展(1)[J].生物学通报,2007,42(11):13-15.