蓄水坑灌下苹果树根系生长对不同氮素水平的响应
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摘要
研究蓄水坑灌下不同氮素水平对苹果树根长密度和根表面积密度的影响,为确定蓄水坑灌条件下苹果树合理的施氮范围提供了依据。以7 a生矮砧密植红富士苹果树为研究对象,设置了4个蓄水坑灌施氮水平(0、10、20、40 kg/hm~2)对应T1、T2、T3、T4处理,以地面施肥作为对照组CK(施氮水平为10 kg/hm~2),利用微根管法对施肥前后不同土层深度的苹果树根长密度和根表面积密度进行了测定。结果表明:施氮可以有效促进苹果树根系生长,各处理根长密度和根表面积密度的生长速率随施氮量的增加先增大后减小。CK处理和同等施氮水平的T2处理相比,其根系在表层土壤生长状况更好,而T2处理苹果树根系在中深层土壤中发育更好。综合各个处理苹果树根系生长发育情况,本试验中T3处理最适合苹果树根系的生长发育。
The effects of different nitrogen levels in water storage pits on root length density and root surface area density of apple trees are studied,which can provide a basis for determining the reasonable nitrogen application range of apple trees under the condition of water storage pit irrigation. In this paper,7 years growth short anvil and dense red Fuji apple tree are studied. Four nitrogen levels( 0、10、20、40 kg/hm~2) of water storage pits are set,namely the treatment of T1,T2,T3,T4,and the ground fertilization treatment is set as a control group CK. The root length density and root surface area density of apple trees with different soil depths before and after fertilization are measured by micro-root tube. The results show that: nitrogen application can promote the growth of apple tree roots effectively; the growth rate of root length density and root surface area density increases first and then decreases with the increase of nitrogen application rate; comparing CK to T2 under the same level of nitrogen application,the roots of CK are better than that of T2 in the topsoil,but the T2 apple tree roots develop better in the middle and deep soil. Comprehensively considering the growth and development of apple tree roots,T3 is the most suitable for the growth of apple tree roots.
The effects of different nitrogen levels in water storage pits on root length density and root surface area density of apple trees are studied,which can provide a basis for determining the reasonable nitrogen application range of apple trees under the condition of water storage pit irrigation. In this paper,7 years growth short anvil and dense red Fuji apple tree are studied. Four nitrogen levels( 0、10、20、40 kg/hm~2) of water storage pits are set,namely the treatment of T1,T2,T3,T4,and the ground fertilization treatment is set as a control group CK. The root length density and root surface area density of apple trees with different soil depths before and after fertilization are measured by micro-root tube. The results show that: nitrogen application can promote the growth of apple tree roots effectively; the growth rate of root length density and root surface area density increases first and then decreases with the increase of nitrogen application rate; comparing CK to T2 under the same level of nitrogen application,the roots of CK are better than that of T2 in the topsoil,but the T2 apple tree roots develop better in the middle and deep soil. Comprehensively considering the growth and development of apple tree roots,T3 is the most suitable for the growth of apple tree roots.
引文
[1]马娟娟,郑利剑,孙西欢,等.蓄水坑灌法研究进展[J].太原理工大学学报,2017,48(3):427-434.
[2]陈倩秋,马娟娟,孙西欢,等.蓄水坑灌条件下苹果树根系生长速率预测模型[J].节水灌溉,2018,(6).
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[12]于洲海.蓄水坑灌条件下土壤水氮运移规律试验研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2010.
[13]史建伟,于水强,于立忠,等.微根管在细根研究中的应用[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(4):157-161.
[14] HENDRICK R L,PREGITZER K S. The demography of fine roots in a Northern hardwood forest[J]. Ecology,1992,73(3):1 094-1104.
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[16]郝锋珍,孙西欢,郭向红,等.蓄水坑灌与地面灌条件下果树吸水根系分布的对比研究[J].节水灌溉,2014,(9):5-8.
[17]张亚雄.蓄水坑灌下苹果树细根动态及其影响因素的研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2017.
[18]张学琴.蓄水坑灌条件下苹果树根系生长和根际土壤酶活性的研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2016.
[2]陈倩秋,马娟娟,孙西欢,等.蓄水坑灌条件下苹果树根系生长速率预测模型[J].节水灌溉,2018,(6).
[3]孙西欢,马娟娟,周青云,等.蓄水坑灌法技术要素初探[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2004,35(5):405-407.
[4]李京玲,孙西欢,马娟娟,等.蓄水坑灌条件下土壤水氮运移的研究进展[J].节水灌溉,2012,(7):50-52.
[5]李文庆,张民,束怀瑞.氮素在果树上的生理作用[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,33(1):96-100.
[6] TANASESCU N,PALTINEANU C. Root distribution of apple tree under various irrigation systems within the hilly region of Romania[J].International Agrophysics,2004,18(2):175.
[7] ASSENG S,RITCHIE J T,SMUCKER A J M,et al. Root growth and water uptake during water deficit and recovering in wheat[J]. Plant and Soil,1998,201(2):265-273.
[8]王宝驹,李隆,李鲁华,等.南疆枣麦复合系统中冬小麦根长密度、根表面积密度分布特征研究[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(17):1-4.
[9]沙建川.袋控肥对苹果植株生长及氮素吸收利用的影响[D].山东泰安:山东农业大学,2017.
[10]彭玲,于波,陈倩,等.不同供氮方式下苹果矮化砧M9T337幼苗生长及内源激素的响应[J].植物生理学报,2018,(2).
[11]龙远莎,马娟娟,孙西欢,等.蓄水坑灌灌施条件下苹果园土壤氮素分布特性研究[J].节水灌溉,2013,(4):15-18.
[12]于洲海.蓄水坑灌条件下土壤水氮运移规律试验研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2010.
[13]史建伟,于水强,于立忠,等.微根管在细根研究中的应用[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(4):157-161.
[14] HENDRICK R L,PREGITZER K S. The demography of fine roots in a Northern hardwood forest[J]. Ecology,1992,73(3):1 094-1104.
[15] SARAH J Steele,STITH T Gower,JASON G Vogel,et al. Root mass,net primary production and turnover in aspen,jack pine and black spruce forests in Saskatchewan and Manitoba,Canada[J].Tree Physiology,1997,17(8-9):577-587.
[16]郝锋珍,孙西欢,郭向红,等.蓄水坑灌与地面灌条件下果树吸水根系分布的对比研究[J].节水灌溉,2014,(9):5-8.
[17]张亚雄.蓄水坑灌下苹果树细根动态及其影响因素的研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2017.
[18]张学琴.蓄水坑灌条件下苹果树根系生长和根际土壤酶活性的研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2016.