西藏行道树资源调查与结构特征分析
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摘要
为摸清西藏地区行道树资源、现状与特征,应用抽样调查法对该地区的行道树进行调查,分析了西藏行道树多样性指数、结构特征、配置模式等.结果表明:1)西藏常用行道树共计20科36属63种,其平均胸径、平均树高、平均冠幅分别为12.32cm、7.21m、3.90m.从总体上看,行道树规格明显偏小.科属上,应用最多的依次为杨柳科、蔷薇科、松科,分别为15、13、7种. 2)西藏行道树基调树种为白柳、北京杨、紫叶李、榆树、雪松,重要值排前3的依次为白柳、北京杨、紫叶李,其重要值依次为47.830、43.459、22.834,且多样性指数较高.3)季相景观上以"春-秋"季、秋季为主,彩叶树种色系上以黄色、白色系季相景观为主.4)垂直分层结构上以一层模式为主(43.93%),行道树复层结构不发达,花灌木、草花及地被植物较匮乏.
To find out the resources, status, and characteristics of street trees in Tibet, the diversity index, structural characteristics, configuration patterns, ect were analyzed based on the survey of street trees in Tibet. The results showed that:1) There are 63 species of street trees in Tibet, belonging to 36 genera and 20 families, and their average DBH, crown, and height are 12.32 cm, 7.21 m, 3.90 m, respectively. In general, their specifications are obviously small. Among all street trees, Salicaceae is the most applied one, including 15 species; Rosaceae and Pinaceae are the second and third most, including 13, 7 species respectively. 2)The key tree species of street trees in Tibet are Salix alba, Populus × beijingensis, Prunus cerasifera f. atropurpurea, Ulmus pumila and Cedrus deodara. In terms of importance value of street trees, the top three are Salix alba(47.830), Populus × beijingensis(43.459), and Prunus cerasifera f. atropurpurea(22.834) and the diversity index is high. 3) Taking account of seasonal phenomena structure, the street trees display mainly spring-autumn aspection and autumn aspection. In terms of the color trees, they are mainly yellow and white. 4) By the vertically layered structure, it is mainly one layer mode(43.93%). The structure of street trees in Tibet are undeveloped and lack of flowering shrubs, flowers and ground cover plants.
To find out the resources, status, and characteristics of street trees in Tibet, the diversity index, structural characteristics, configuration patterns, ect were analyzed based on the survey of street trees in Tibet. The results showed that:1) There are 63 species of street trees in Tibet, belonging to 36 genera and 20 families, and their average DBH, crown, and height are 12.32 cm, 7.21 m, 3.90 m, respectively. In general, their specifications are obviously small. Among all street trees, Salicaceae is the most applied one, including 15 species; Rosaceae and Pinaceae are the second and third most, including 13, 7 species respectively. 2)The key tree species of street trees in Tibet are Salix alba, Populus × beijingensis, Prunus cerasifera f. atropurpurea, Ulmus pumila and Cedrus deodara. In terms of importance value of street trees, the top three are Salix alba(47.830), Populus × beijingensis(43.459), and Prunus cerasifera f. atropurpurea(22.834) and the diversity index is high. 3) Taking account of seasonal phenomena structure, the street trees display mainly spring-autumn aspection and autumn aspection. In terms of the color trees, they are mainly yellow and white. 4) By the vertically layered structure, it is mainly one layer mode(43.93%). The structure of street trees in Tibet are undeveloped and lack of flowering shrubs, flowers and ground cover plants.
引文
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[20] 杨元合, 饶胜, 胡会峰, 等. 青藏高原高寒草地植物物种丰富度及其与环境因子和生物量关系 [J]. 生物多样性, 2004, 12: 200.
[2] 吴永波, 薛建辉. 城市行道树的研究现状及展望 [J]. 中国城市林业, 2005, 3: 54.
[3] 张楠, 董丽, 郝培尧, 等. 北京市中心城区行道树结构研究 [J]. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2014, 5: 101.
[4] 李秉玲, 董芮, 王美仙, 等. 太原市行道树应用研究 [J]. 西北林学院学报, 2017, 32: 265.
[5] 多瓦才吉. 浅谈拉萨市道路绿化状况 [J]. 西藏科技, 1995, 1: 4.
[6] 邓真, 何一民. 论高原环境、民族特性及宗教信仰对西藏城市建筑的影响 [J]. 四川大学学报: 哲学社会科学版, 2014, 192: 37.
[7] 刘德良. 梅州市城市行道树的结构特征 [J]. 林业科学, 2009, 5: 87.
[8] 邱尔发, 董建文, 史久西, 等. 闽浙乡村行道树种结构特征的比较 [J]. 林业科学研究, 2011, 24: 110.
[9] 马克平, 黄建辉, 于顺利, 等. 北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性的研究 [J]. 生态学报, 1995, 16: 225.
[10] 何小弟, 孙传余, 李晓储, 等. 扬州城市绿地树种配置关联分析 [J]. 扬州大学学报: 农业与生命科学版, 2002, 23: 84.
[11] 庄雪影. 园林树木学 [M]. 广州: 华南理工大学出版社, 2006.
[12] James R, Clark L, Nelda P, et al. A model of urban forest sustainability application to citiesin the united states [J]. J Arboric, 1998, 24: 17.
[13] 天津市管理局. 天津城市道路绿化建设标准(DB T29-80-2016) [S]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2016.
[14] Liu Z N, Zhou P, Xu J, et al. Resources of colored-leaf trees and their phenological ornamental characteristics in Lhasa city [J]. J Landsca Res, 2017, 9: 30.
[15] 刘智能, 张红锋, 王伟, 等. 林芝市彩叶树种资源及物候观赏特征 [J]. 西北林学院学报, 2017, 32: 266.
[16] 史琰, 金荷仙, 包志毅, 等. 中国城市建成区乔木结构特征 [J]. 中国园林, 2016, 6: 77.
[17] 陶德玲. 浅谈狮泉河镇城镇道路的绿化 [J]. 林业建设, 2010, 1: 51.
[18] Hope D, Gries C, Casagrande D, et al. Drivers of spatial variation in plant diversity across the Central Arizona-Phoenix ecosystem [J]. Soc Natur Resour, 2006, 19: 101.
[19] Walker J S, Grimm N B, Briggs J M, et al. Effects of urbanization on plant species diversity in central Arizona [J]. Front Ecol Environ, 2009, 7: 465.
[20] 杨元合, 饶胜, 胡会峰, 等. 青藏高原高寒草地植物物种丰富度及其与环境因子和生物量关系 [J]. 生物多样性, 2004, 12: 200.