日本近代台湾人类学调查的殖民意义
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摘要
人类学是伴随着近代资本主义的崛起以及随之而来的殖民扩张而产生的,其对殖民地的研究往往成为殖民者制定统治政策的依据。日本在台湾建立殖民统治体系同样与日本人类学的发展有着密切的联系:日本殖民者通过发动甲午战争,强迫清政府割让台湾,客观上为日本人类学家提供了一个梦寐以求的实践基地;日本人类学家以学术研究为名对台湾展开大规模的人类学调查,为日本殖民者建立台湾殖民统治体系提供了重要的参考依据,部分人类学家甚至加入到殖民统治机构中。在对台湾原住民的殖民征服和统治过程中,日本人类学家发挥了极其重要的作用,不仅积极参与殖民话语的建构,而且直接参与殖民统治政策的制定。
Anthropology emerged from the rise of capitalism and the consequent colonial expansion in the modern time.Anthropologist studies were often taken by the colonists as the foundation for policy making in colonial regions. The establishment of Japan's colonial ruling over Taiwan is closely related to the development of anthropology. After the Sino-Japanese war 1894-1895,Japan forced the Qing government to reduce Taiwan to Japan as its colony,which turned out to be a perfect subject for Japan's anthropologist studies. Japanese anthropologists conducted a large-scale anthropological investigation of Taiwan in the name of academic research,which provided an important reference for the establishment of Japan's colonial ruling system.Some anthropologists even joined the colonial ruling institutions. In the process of reigning Taiwan's aborigines,Japanese anthropologists played an important role by taking an active role in the formulation of colonial discourse and participating in the policy making of colonial ruling.
Anthropology emerged from the rise of capitalism and the consequent colonial expansion in the modern time.Anthropologist studies were often taken by the colonists as the foundation for policy making in colonial regions. The establishment of Japan's colonial ruling over Taiwan is closely related to the development of anthropology. After the Sino-Japanese war 1894-1895,Japan forced the Qing government to reduce Taiwan to Japan as its colony,which turned out to be a perfect subject for Japan's anthropologist studies. Japanese anthropologists conducted a large-scale anthropological investigation of Taiwan in the name of academic research,which provided an important reference for the establishment of Japan's colonial ruling system.Some anthropologists even joined the colonial ruling institutions. In the process of reigning Taiwan's aborigines,Japanese anthropologists played an important role by taking an active role in the formulation of colonial discourse and participating in the policy making of colonial ruling.
引文
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[3]米歇尔·谢·福柯.规训与惩罚[M].刘北成,杨远婴,译.北京:三联书店,1999.
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