基于农地视角的城乡人口双向融合阻碍及影响机制分析
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摘要
十九大报告提出要建立健全城乡融合发展体制机制和政策体系,走城乡融合发展之路。人口是基本的城乡融合要素之一,通过由乡到城、由城往乡的人口双向互融引起土地、资本、产品等要素融合实现城乡融合。然而在农村到城市、城市向农村的人口迁移现实中,农村人口因受转移后的生活成本与土地羁绊双重限制而难以融入城市;城市人口因受现行农地政策不足而缺乏有效土地供给以致难以融入农村。围绕上述问题,文章借鉴经济学成本理论与农地制度理论,着重从农地视角分类讨论城乡人口双向流动中融合成本、土地供给阻碍及影响机制,并建议:一要完善土地流转权能,规范农地流转平台,保障农民流转收益;二要明确征地范围,强化农民农地所有权主体地位,合理分配农地征收补偿收益;三要创新农村人口进城落户土地退出机制,探索城市人口回流农地取得机制,建立健全城乡人口双向融合渠道。
The report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to establish and improve the institutional mechanism and policy system for urban-rural integration development,and to take the road of urban-rural integration development. The population is one of the basic elements of urban-rural integration. Through the two-way Population integration of the village to the city and the city to the village,the integration of land,capital,products and other factors will be realized,and urban-rural integration will eventually be achieved. However,in the reality of rural-to-urban and urban-to-rural Population mobility,the rural population is difficult to integrate into the city due to the dual restrictions on the cost of living and land bondage after transfer. Urban population lacks effective land supply due to insufficient current agricultural land policy,making it difficult to integrate into rural areas. Around the above issues, the article draws on the theory of economic cost and the theory of agricultural land system,and focus on the perspective of agricultural land to discuss the cost of integration,land supply impediment and impact mechanism in the two-way flow of urban-rural population, and suggests: Firstly,we should improve the power-function of land transfer,standardize the agricultural land transfer platform,and guarantee the income of farmers;secondly,we should clarify the scope of land collection, strengthen the peasant farmland ownership status,and rationally allocate the compensation income of farmland expropriation;thirdly,we should innovate the land withdrawal mechanism for rural population to settle in cities,explore the mechanism of rural land acquisition for urban population to return,and establish and improve the two-way integration channels of urban-rural population.
The report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to establish and improve the institutional mechanism and policy system for urban-rural integration development,and to take the road of urban-rural integration development. The population is one of the basic elements of urban-rural integration. Through the two-way Population integration of the village to the city and the city to the village,the integration of land,capital,products and other factors will be realized,and urban-rural integration will eventually be achieved. However,in the reality of rural-to-urban and urban-to-rural Population mobility,the rural population is difficult to integrate into the city due to the dual restrictions on the cost of living and land bondage after transfer. Urban population lacks effective land supply due to insufficient current agricultural land policy,making it difficult to integrate into rural areas. Around the above issues, the article draws on the theory of economic cost and the theory of agricultural land system,and focus on the perspective of agricultural land to discuss the cost of integration,land supply impediment and impact mechanism in the two-way flow of urban-rural population, and suggests: Firstly,we should improve the power-function of land transfer,standardize the agricultural land transfer platform,and guarantee the income of farmers;secondly,we should clarify the scope of land collection, strengthen the peasant farmland ownership status,and rationally allocate the compensation income of farmland expropriation;thirdly,we should innovate the land withdrawal mechanism for rural population to settle in cities,explore the mechanism of rural land acquisition for urban population to return,and establish and improve the two-way integration channels of urban-rural population.
引文
[1]李国正,艾小青,邬嘉迪.新常态下中国流动人口的居留意愿与家庭消费水平研究[J].管理世界,2017(12):174-175.
[2]刘程.流动人口的永久迁移意愿及其决定机制[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2018(3):62-72.
[3]张新,周绍杰,姚金伟.居留决策、落户意愿与社会融合度——基于城乡流动人口的实证研究[J].人文杂志,2018(4):39-48.
[4]杨雪,魏洪英.流动人口长期居留意愿的新特征及影响机制[J].人口研究,2017(5):63-73.
[5]宋全成,王昕.女性流动人口参加城镇职工基本医疗保险的特征及影响因素——基于2015年全国流动人口动态监测数据的实证研究[J].河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2018(3):35-41.
[6]马银坡,陈体标,史清华.人口流动:就业与收入的区域差异[J].农业经济问题,2018(5):80-91.
[7]张刚,姜玉.流动人口收入水平的地区差异与影响因素研究[J].西北人口,2017(5):43-50+57.
[8] Ravenstein E. G. The Laws of Migration[J]. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society,1976(1385):289–291.
[9]杨娟,赵心慧.教育对不同户籍流动人口收入差距的影响[J].北京工商大学学报(社会科学版),2018(5):103-115+126.
[10]孙猛,许世存.流动人口就业收入的禀赋效应与地区效应分析[J].人口学刊,2018(6):52-61.
[11]赵海霞,石洪波.个体特征、经济发展与新生代流动人口收入差异——基于2015年全国流动人口动态监测调查数据[J].调研世界,2018(6):24-28.
[12]扈新强,赵玉峰.流动人口家庭化特征、趋势及影响因素研究[J].西北人口,2017(6):18-25.
[13]王有兴,杨晓妹.公共服务与劳动力流动——基于个体及家庭异质性视角的分析[J].广东财经大学学报,2018(4):62-74.
[14]陶树果,高向东,方中书.乡—城、城—城流动人口社会保险参保率及其影响因素的比较研究——基于2014年全国流动人口动态监测数据[J].西北人口,2018(2):88-95.
[15]杨雪,马肖曼.乡—城新生代流动家庭子女的教育选择研究[J].教育与经济,2016(1):91-96.
[16] De Bruijn M,Van Dijk H. Changing Population Mobility in West Africa:Fulbe Pastoralists in Central and South Mali[J].African Affairs,2003(407):285-307.
[17] Gray C L,Mueller V. Natural Disasters and Population Mobility in Bangladesh[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2012(16):6000-6005.
[18] Gray C,Mueller V. Drought and Population Mobility in Rural Ethiopia[J].World Development(Oxford),2012(1):134-145.
[19]刘小年.农民工市民化的共时性研究:理论模式、实践经验与政策思考[J].中国农村观察,2017(3):27-41.
[20]秦立建,童莹,王震.农地收益、社会保障与农民工市民化意愿[J].农村经济,2017(1):79-85.
[21]单菁菁.农民工市民化的成本及其分担机制研究[J].学海,2015(1):177-184.
[22]辛宝英.农业转移人口市民化成本障碍及其对策研究——以农村土地流转为视角[J].马克思主义与现实,2017(6):32-37.
[23]张国胜.基于社会成本考虑的农民工市民化:一个转轨中发展大国的视角与政策选择[J].中国软科学,2009(4):56-69+79.
[24]李停.农地证券化、劳动力转移与城乡收入分配[J].中国土地科学,2016(6):52-61.
(1)《湖南省国土资源厅关于全力服务促进乡村振兴的若干意见》。
[2]刘程.流动人口的永久迁移意愿及其决定机制[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2018(3):62-72.
[3]张新,周绍杰,姚金伟.居留决策、落户意愿与社会融合度——基于城乡流动人口的实证研究[J].人文杂志,2018(4):39-48.
[4]杨雪,魏洪英.流动人口长期居留意愿的新特征及影响机制[J].人口研究,2017(5):63-73.
[5]宋全成,王昕.女性流动人口参加城镇职工基本医疗保险的特征及影响因素——基于2015年全国流动人口动态监测数据的实证研究[J].河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2018(3):35-41.
[6]马银坡,陈体标,史清华.人口流动:就业与收入的区域差异[J].农业经济问题,2018(5):80-91.
[7]张刚,姜玉.流动人口收入水平的地区差异与影响因素研究[J].西北人口,2017(5):43-50+57.
[8] Ravenstein E. G. The Laws of Migration[J]. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society,1976(1385):289–291.
[9]杨娟,赵心慧.教育对不同户籍流动人口收入差距的影响[J].北京工商大学学报(社会科学版),2018(5):103-115+126.
[10]孙猛,许世存.流动人口就业收入的禀赋效应与地区效应分析[J].人口学刊,2018(6):52-61.
[11]赵海霞,石洪波.个体特征、经济发展与新生代流动人口收入差异——基于2015年全国流动人口动态监测调查数据[J].调研世界,2018(6):24-28.
[12]扈新强,赵玉峰.流动人口家庭化特征、趋势及影响因素研究[J].西北人口,2017(6):18-25.
[13]王有兴,杨晓妹.公共服务与劳动力流动——基于个体及家庭异质性视角的分析[J].广东财经大学学报,2018(4):62-74.
[14]陶树果,高向东,方中书.乡—城、城—城流动人口社会保险参保率及其影响因素的比较研究——基于2014年全国流动人口动态监测数据[J].西北人口,2018(2):88-95.
[15]杨雪,马肖曼.乡—城新生代流动家庭子女的教育选择研究[J].教育与经济,2016(1):91-96.
[16] De Bruijn M,Van Dijk H. Changing Population Mobility in West Africa:Fulbe Pastoralists in Central and South Mali[J].African Affairs,2003(407):285-307.
[17] Gray C L,Mueller V. Natural Disasters and Population Mobility in Bangladesh[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2012(16):6000-6005.
[18] Gray C,Mueller V. Drought and Population Mobility in Rural Ethiopia[J].World Development(Oxford),2012(1):134-145.
[19]刘小年.农民工市民化的共时性研究:理论模式、实践经验与政策思考[J].中国农村观察,2017(3):27-41.
[20]秦立建,童莹,王震.农地收益、社会保障与农民工市民化意愿[J].农村经济,2017(1):79-85.
[21]单菁菁.农民工市民化的成本及其分担机制研究[J].学海,2015(1):177-184.
[22]辛宝英.农业转移人口市民化成本障碍及其对策研究——以农村土地流转为视角[J].马克思主义与现实,2017(6):32-37.
[23]张国胜.基于社会成本考虑的农民工市民化:一个转轨中发展大国的视角与政策选择[J].中国软科学,2009(4):56-69+79.
[24]李停.农地证券化、劳动力转移与城乡收入分配[J].中国土地科学,2016(6):52-61.
(1)《湖南省国土资源厅关于全力服务促进乡村振兴的若干意见》。