NiO纳米棒的制备及其室温下NO_x气敏性研究
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摘要
在碱性条件下,以六水合氯化镍为基底,以尿素为沉淀剂,温度为180℃时,采用水热法制备了氢氧化镍中间体,将其进行焙烧得到氧化镍粉体。利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对样品的组成和形貌进行分析,本实验所制备的氧化镍呈一维棒状结构,纳米棒直径为100～400 nm,长度从几百个纳米到十几个微米。将Ni O材料组装成气敏元件,在室温下对NO_x进行气敏测试,结果表明,该材料在室温下对体积分数为9.7×10~(–5)的NO_x有良好的气敏响应,响应可达到1.20,响应时间为14.0 s,且有良好的选择性。
Under the alkaline condition,the nickel hydroxide intermediates were prepared by hydrothermal method with Ni Cl_2·6H_2O used as base,urea as the precipitant,at 180℃.The nickel oxide powder product was obtained after calcination.The component and morphology of the sample were characterized by XRD and SEM.The nickel oxide prepared in this experiment was one-dimensional rod-like structure.The diameter is 100–400 nm,and the length can be synthesized from a few hundred nanometers to a dozen micrometers.The gas sensing performance of the prepared sample to NO_x was tested at room temperature.The result show that the sample has high gas sensing performance to NO_x with the volume fraction of 9.7×10~(–5) at room temperature.The response can reach to 1.20,the response time is 14.0 s and the selectivity is terrific.
Under the alkaline condition,the nickel hydroxide intermediates were prepared by hydrothermal method with Ni Cl_2·6H_2O used as base,urea as the precipitant,at 180℃.The nickel oxide powder product was obtained after calcination.The component and morphology of the sample were characterized by XRD and SEM.The nickel oxide prepared in this experiment was one-dimensional rod-like structure.The diameter is 100–400 nm,and the length can be synthesized from a few hundred nanometers to a dozen micrometers.The gas sensing performance of the prepared sample to NO_x was tested at room temperature.The result show that the sample has high gas sensing performance to NO_x with the volume fraction of 9.7×10~(–5) at room temperature.The response can reach to 1.20,the response time is 14.0 s and the selectivity is terrific.
引文
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[3]YANG Y,TIAN C G,WANG J C,et al.Facile synthesis of novel 3D nanoflower-like Cux O/multilayer graphene composites for room temperature NOx gas sensor application[J].Nanoscale,2014(6):7369-7378.
[4]YU H,WANG S M,XIAO C H,et al.Enhanced acetone gas sensing properties by aurelia-like Sn O2micro-nanostructures[J].Cryst Eng Comm,2015,17:4316-4324.
[5]FANG W C,YANG Y,YU H,et al.One-step synthesis of flower-shaped WO3 nanostructures for a high-sensitivity roomtemperature NOx gas sensor[J].RSC Adv,2016,6:106880-106886.
[6]YU T T,CHENG X L,ZHANG X F,et al.Highly sensitive H2S detection sensors at low temperature based on hierarchically structured Ni O porous nanowall arrays[J].J Mater Chem A,2015(3):11991-11999.
[7]韩丹丹,徐鹏程,谭奥,等.基于导电基底的多孔银耳状氧化镍的电化学行为[J].无机化学学报,2016,32(3):527-536.
[8]WU J B,LI Z G,HUANG X H,et al.Porous Co3O4/Ni O core/shell nanowire array with enhanced catalytic activity for methanol electro-oxidation[J].J Power Sources,2013,224:1-5.
[9]GUO J D,YANG Y,DONG X T,et al.Novel synthetic strategy towards Ni O/Ni3N composite hollow nanofibers for superior NOx gas-sensing properties at room temperature[J].RSC Adv,2016,6:97313-97321.
[10]YUAN C X,LI H R,XIE L Z,et al.Flower-like Ni O nanostructures synthesized by electrodeposition method for efficient detection of toluene gas[J].RSC Adv,2015,5(112):92128-92133.
[11]ZHAO Q,CHUAI M Y,XIAO B X,et al.Synthesis of dandelion-like Ni O hierarchical structures assembled with dendritic units and their performances for ethanol gas sensing[J].New J Chem,2015,39(10):7873-7878.
[12]XU H,ZHANG C,ZHOU W,et al.Co(OH)2/RGO/Ni O sandwich-structured nanotube arrays with special surface and synergistic effects as high-performance positive electrodes for asymmetric supercapacitors[J].Nanoscale,2015(7):16932-16942.
[13]CHENG Y,PAN J,SAUNDERS M,et al.Structurally confined ultrafine Ni O nanoparticles on graphene as a highly efficient and durable electrode material for supercapacitors[J].RSC Adv,2016,6:51356-51366.
[14]杨颖,杨丽雪,葛云龙,等.Ni/Ni O纳米复合材料的制备及其室温下NOx气敏性研究[J].人工晶体学报,2013,42(5):923-926.
[15]杨颖,王婧超,杨丽雪,等.Cu2O多面体的制备及其气敏性能研究[J].电子元件与材料,2013,32(7):18-20.
[16]阚侃,林雨斐,王菁华,等.Mn O2/Ni O纳米复合微球的制备及室温NOx气敏性能研究[J].人工晶体学报,2015,44(1):101-107.
[17]KUMAR A,SANGER A,KUMAR A,et al.Fast response ammonia sensors based on Ti O2 and Ni O nanostructured bilayer thin films[J].RSC Adv,2016,6:77636-77643.
[18]HOTOVY I,REHACEK V,SICILIANO P,et al.Sensing characteristics of Ni O thin films as NO2 gas sensor[J].Thin Solid Films,2002,418(1):9-15.
[19]HOA N D,EL-SAFTY S A.Synthesis of mesoporous Ni O nanosheets for the detection of toxic NO2 gas[J].Chemistry,2011,17(46):12896-12901.
[20]NGO Y L T,HUR S H.Low-temperature NO2,gas sensor fabricated with Ni O and reduced graphene oxide hybrid structure[J].Mater Res Bull,2016,84:168-176.