基于能源回收的污水有机物富集技术研究进展
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摘要
污水作为资源能源的载体,蕴含大量的有机物,具有很大的回收潜力,然而传统活性污泥处理工艺往往以能耗能的方式造成污水能源的浪费。以污水处理厂污水能源回收为目标,该文论述了基于有机物富集技术的新型污水预处理路线。采用化学混凝、传统活性污泥吸附和高速活性污泥吸附等技术能有效实现污水颗粒性、胶体性和溶解性有机物的吸附聚集,达到有机物从液相到固相转移、富集的目的。利用膜技术的高分离特性,与膜技术联用可以更好地实现污水有机物的富集。文章对污水有机物的回收潜力进行了分析,并介绍了污水有机物的多种富集技术及其富集效果。以污泥厌氧消化技术为代表的污水污泥处理技术能够实现对城市污水能源的高效回收,是未来城市污水处理行业的重要发展趋势,有望实现污水处理厂的能源自给。
As the carrier of resources and energy, sewage contains a large amount of organic matter and has great potential for recovery. However, the traditional activated sludge treatment not only wastes energy but also consumes energy. Aiming at the energy recovery from sewage treatment plants, the paper discussed a new route of wastewater pretreatment for organics pre-concentration. The technology of chemical coagulations, traditional activated sludge and high-rate activated sludge can effectively achieve the adsorption and aggregation of organics, including the particle, colloidal and soluble. On account of the high separation performance, the process of adsorption combined with membrane technology can better achieve the pre-concentration of organic matter from the urban sewage. The potential of organics recovery from urban sewage was analyzed, and several pre-concentration techniques with their effects were mentioned in the paper. As a representative of the sewage sludge treatment technology, the anaerobic digestion can realize efficient energy recovery, and it is an important development trend in the future, expected to realize the energy self-sufficiency of the sewage treatment plant.
As the carrier of resources and energy, sewage contains a large amount of organic matter and has great potential for recovery. However, the traditional activated sludge treatment not only wastes energy but also consumes energy. Aiming at the energy recovery from sewage treatment plants, the paper discussed a new route of wastewater pretreatment for organics pre-concentration. The technology of chemical coagulations, traditional activated sludge and high-rate activated sludge can effectively achieve the adsorption and aggregation of organics, including the particle, colloidal and soluble. On account of the high separation performance, the process of adsorption combined with membrane technology can better achieve the pre-concentration of organic matter from the urban sewage. The potential of organics recovery from urban sewage was analyzed, and several pre-concentration techniques with their effects were mentioned in the paper. As a representative of the sewage sludge treatment technology, the anaerobic digestion can realize efficient energy recovery, and it is an important development trend in the future, expected to realize the energy self-sufficiency of the sewage treatment plant.
引文
[1]冯玉杰,张照韩,于艳玲,等.基于资源和能源回收的城市污水可持续处理技术研究进展[J].化学工业与工程,2015,32(5):20-28.
[2]宫徽.以资源化为目标的新型生活污水处理工艺预处理研究[D].北京:清华大学,2012:35-56.
[3]黄霞.论污水处理技术的未来发展:从处理到资源回收[J].给水排水,2013,39(9):1-3.
[4]Hao X,Liu R,Xin H.Evaluation of the potential for operating carbon neutral WWTPs in China[J].Water Research,2015,87:424-431.
[5]郝晓地,涂明,蔡正清,等.污水处理低碳运行策略与技术导向[J].中国给水排水,2010,26(24):1-6.
[6]Scherson Y D,Criddle C S.Recovery of freshwater from wastewater:upgrading process configurations to maximize energy recovery and minimize residuals[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2014,48(15):8420-32.
[7]Bowen E J,Dolfing J,Davenport R J,et al.Low-temperature limitation of bioreactor sludge in anaerobic treatment of domestic wastewater[J].Water Science&Technology AJournal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research,2014,69(5):1004-13.
[8]Wan J,Gu J,Qian Z,et al.COD capture:a feasible option towards energy self-sufficient domestic wastewater treatment[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:25054.
[9]王凯军,宫徽,金正宇.未来污水处理技术发展方向的思考与探索[J].建设科技,2013(2):36-38.
[10]赵庆良,高畅,魏亮亮,等.城镇生活污水的低温厌氧生物处理技术研究与应用进展[J].环境保护科学,2014(5):12-18.
[11]刘智晓.未来污水处理能源自给新途径:碳源捕获及碳源改向[J].中国给水排水,2017(8):43-52.
[12]Crozes,White,Marshall.Enhanced coagulation:its effects on NOM removal and chemical costs:natural organic matter[J].Journal American Water Works Association,1995.
[13]黄晓东,孙伟.强化混凝处理微污染源水[J].中国给水排水,2002,18(12):45-47.
[14]王目通.混凝-吸附处理城市生活污水的实验研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2010:33-60.
[15]Harleman D R F,Harremoes P,Yi Q.Hong Kong harbor cleanup[J].Water Science and Technology,1997,9(3):47-50.
[16]王龙辉,陈杨武,杜世章,等.复配混凝剂强化处理生活污水试验研究[J].工业水处理,2017,37(2):64-67.
[17]Ashmawy M A,Moussa M S,Ghoneim A K,et al.Enhancing the efficiency of primary sedimentation in wastewater treatment plants with the application of moringa oliefera seeds and quicklime[J].Am Sci,2012,8(2):494-502.
[18]Mostafa M K,Peters R W W.Improve effluent water quality at Abu-Rawash wastewater treatment plant with the application of coagulants[J].Water Environ,2016,30(1/2)88-95.
[19]付小平,桂刘丰,何晖,等.强化混凝技术在污水处理厂的应用[J].市政技术,2007,25(6):461-463.
[20]Wang H T,Li F T,Keller A A,et al.Chemically enhanced primary treatment(CEPT)for removal of carbon and nutrients from municipal wastewater treatment plants:a case study of Shanghai[J].Water Science&Technology A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research,2009,60(7):1803-9.
[21]廖华丰,高兰,张碧波,等.CIBR污泥吸附有机物机理及应用[J].环境科学与管理,2016,41(7):113-116.
[22]张晓飞,王志娟,张晓强.活性污泥吸附COD的影响因素研究[J].河北企业,2014(5):123-124.
[23]刘宏波,赵芳,文湘华.利用活性污泥快速富集污水碳源的试验研究[J].环境科学,2011,32(10):2999-3003.
[24]李冰璟,刘绍根,倪丙杰,等.活性污泥生物吸附性能的研究[J].安徽建筑大学学报,2006,14(4):77-80.
[25]廖华丰,高兰,张碧波,等.CIBR污泥吸附性能研究[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(S1):302-306.
[26]孔海霞,袁林江,王晓昌.活性污泥对污水中有机物、铵和磷酸盐的生物吸附试验研究[J].西安建筑科技大学学报:自然科学版,2007,39(5):735-740.
[27]梅益军,沈耀良,文湘华,等.活性污泥对有机污染物的吸附研究[J].环境科技,2010,23(5):1-3.
[28]苏翌,袁林江.利用浓缩污泥对污水中污染物的连续回收试验[J].环境科学研究,2011,24(12):1422-1429.
[29]Zhao W,Ting Y P,Chen J P,et al.Advanced primary treatment of waste water using a bio-flocculation-adsorption sedimentation process[J].Acta Biotechnologica,2010,20(1):53-64.
[30]Graaff M S D,Brand T P H V D,Roest K,et al.Full-scale highly-loaded wastewater treatment processes(a-stage)to increase energy production from wastewater:performance and design guidelines[J].Environmental Engineering Science,2016,33(8).
[31]Makinia J,Rosenwinkel K H,Phan L C.Modification of ASM3 for the determination of biomass adsorption/storage capacity in bulking sludge control[J].Water Science&Technology A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research,2006,53(3):91.
[32]Guven H,Ersahin M E,Dereli R K,et al.Effect of hydraulic retention time on the performance of high-rate activated sludge system:a pilot-scale study[J].Water Air&Soil Pollution,2017,228(11):417.
[33]Jimenez J,Bott C,Miller M,et al.High-rate activated sludge system for carbon removal-pilot results and crucial process parameters[J].Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation,2013,(16):2443-2451.
[34]Meerburg F A,Boon N,Van W T,et al.Toward energyneutral wastewater treatment:a high-rate contact stabilization process to maximally recover sewage organics[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,179(179C):373.
[35]Rahman A,Meerburg F A,Ravadagundhi S,et al.Bioflocculation management through high-rate contact-stabilization:a promising technology to recover organic carbon from lowstrength wastewater[J].Water Research,2016,104:485-496.
[36]Kinyua M N,Elliott M,Wett B,et al.The role of extracellular polymeric substances on carbon capture in a high rate activated sludge A-stage system[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,322:428-434.
[37]孙德栋,张启修.用超滤法处理回用生活污水[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2003,34(2):144-147.
[38]Vigneswaran S,Shon H K,Boonthanon S,et al.Membraneflocculation-adsorption hybrid system in wastewater treatment:micro and nano size organic matter removal[J].Water Science and Technology,2004,50(12):265-271.
[39]Abdessemed D,Nezzal G,Aim R B.Coagulation-adsorption-ultrafiltration for wastewater treatment and reuse[J].Desalination,2000,131(1/2/3):307-314.
[40]Zhao Q L,Zhong H Y,Liu J L,et al.Integrated coagulationtrickling filter-ultrafiltration processes for domestic wastewater treatment and reclamation[J].Water Science&Technology,2012,65(9):1599-1605.
[41]王忺.混凝吸附强化分离浓缩生活污水[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2014:56-66.
[42]曹明利.混凝-动态膜浓缩生活污水研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2013:40-47.
[43]Guo W S,Vigneswaran S,Ngo H H,et al.Experimental investigation of adsorption-flocculation-microfiltration hybrid system in wastewater reuse[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2004,242(1):27-35.
[44]Remy C,Boulestreau M,Lesjean B.Proof of concept for a new energy-positive wastewater treatment scheme[J].Water Science and Technology,2014,70(10):1709-1716.
[45]Faust L,Temmink H,Zwijnenburg A,et al.High loaded MBRs for organic matter recovery from sewage:effect of solids retention time on bioflocculation and on the role of extracellular polymers[J].Water Research,2014,56(6):258-266.
[46]Faust L,Temmink H,Zwijnenburg A,et al.Effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on the bioflocculation process in high loaded MBRs[J].Water Research,2014,66(3):199.
[47]Khiewwijit R,Keesman K J,Rijnaarts H,et al.Volatile fatty acids production from sewage organic matter by combined bioflocculation and anaerobic fermentation[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,193:150-155.
[48]宋哲华,杨宁宁,文湘华,等.生物吸附-膜反应器富集生活污水中碳源物质的特性[J].环境工程学报,2016(10):5400-5406.
[49]Krishnan V,Ahmad D,Endut E M.Effect of coagulation on palm oil mill effluent and subsequent treatment of coagulated sludge by anaerobic digestion[J].Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,2006,81(10):1652-1660.
[50]Jin Z,Gong H,Temmink H,et al.Efficient sewage pre-concentration with combined coagulation microfiltration for organic matter recovery[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,292:130-138.
[51]Tuyet N T,Dan N P,Vu N C,et al.Laboratory-scale membrane up-concentration and co-anaerobic digestion for energy recovery from sewage and kitchen waste[J].Water Science and Technology,2016,73(3):597-606.
[52]Verstraete W,Van de Caveye P,Diamantis V.Maximum use of resources present in domestic“used water”[J].Bioresource technology,2009,100(23):5537-5545.
[53]Diamantis V,Verstraete W,Eftaxias A,et al.Sewage preconcentration for maximum recovery and reuse at decentralized level[J].Water Science and Technology,2013,67(6):1188-1193.
[2]宫徽.以资源化为目标的新型生活污水处理工艺预处理研究[D].北京:清华大学,2012:35-56.
[3]黄霞.论污水处理技术的未来发展:从处理到资源回收[J].给水排水,2013,39(9):1-3.
[4]Hao X,Liu R,Xin H.Evaluation of the potential for operating carbon neutral WWTPs in China[J].Water Research,2015,87:424-431.
[5]郝晓地,涂明,蔡正清,等.污水处理低碳运行策略与技术导向[J].中国给水排水,2010,26(24):1-6.
[6]Scherson Y D,Criddle C S.Recovery of freshwater from wastewater:upgrading process configurations to maximize energy recovery and minimize residuals[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2014,48(15):8420-32.
[7]Bowen E J,Dolfing J,Davenport R J,et al.Low-temperature limitation of bioreactor sludge in anaerobic treatment of domestic wastewater[J].Water Science&Technology AJournal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research,2014,69(5):1004-13.
[8]Wan J,Gu J,Qian Z,et al.COD capture:a feasible option towards energy self-sufficient domestic wastewater treatment[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:25054.
[9]王凯军,宫徽,金正宇.未来污水处理技术发展方向的思考与探索[J].建设科技,2013(2):36-38.
[10]赵庆良,高畅,魏亮亮,等.城镇生活污水的低温厌氧生物处理技术研究与应用进展[J].环境保护科学,2014(5):12-18.
[11]刘智晓.未来污水处理能源自给新途径:碳源捕获及碳源改向[J].中国给水排水,2017(8):43-52.
[12]Crozes,White,Marshall.Enhanced coagulation:its effects on NOM removal and chemical costs:natural organic matter[J].Journal American Water Works Association,1995.
[13]黄晓东,孙伟.强化混凝处理微污染源水[J].中国给水排水,2002,18(12):45-47.
[14]王目通.混凝-吸附处理城市生活污水的实验研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2010:33-60.
[15]Harleman D R F,Harremoes P,Yi Q.Hong Kong harbor cleanup[J].Water Science and Technology,1997,9(3):47-50.
[16]王龙辉,陈杨武,杜世章,等.复配混凝剂强化处理生活污水试验研究[J].工业水处理,2017,37(2):64-67.
[17]Ashmawy M A,Moussa M S,Ghoneim A K,et al.Enhancing the efficiency of primary sedimentation in wastewater treatment plants with the application of moringa oliefera seeds and quicklime[J].Am Sci,2012,8(2):494-502.
[18]Mostafa M K,Peters R W W.Improve effluent water quality at Abu-Rawash wastewater treatment plant with the application of coagulants[J].Water Environ,2016,30(1/2)88-95.
[19]付小平,桂刘丰,何晖,等.强化混凝技术在污水处理厂的应用[J].市政技术,2007,25(6):461-463.
[20]Wang H T,Li F T,Keller A A,et al.Chemically enhanced primary treatment(CEPT)for removal of carbon and nutrients from municipal wastewater treatment plants:a case study of Shanghai[J].Water Science&Technology A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research,2009,60(7):1803-9.
[21]廖华丰,高兰,张碧波,等.CIBR污泥吸附有机物机理及应用[J].环境科学与管理,2016,41(7):113-116.
[22]张晓飞,王志娟,张晓强.活性污泥吸附COD的影响因素研究[J].河北企业,2014(5):123-124.
[23]刘宏波,赵芳,文湘华.利用活性污泥快速富集污水碳源的试验研究[J].环境科学,2011,32(10):2999-3003.
[24]李冰璟,刘绍根,倪丙杰,等.活性污泥生物吸附性能的研究[J].安徽建筑大学学报,2006,14(4):77-80.
[25]廖华丰,高兰,张碧波,等.CIBR污泥吸附性能研究[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(S1):302-306.
[26]孔海霞,袁林江,王晓昌.活性污泥对污水中有机物、铵和磷酸盐的生物吸附试验研究[J].西安建筑科技大学学报:自然科学版,2007,39(5):735-740.
[27]梅益军,沈耀良,文湘华,等.活性污泥对有机污染物的吸附研究[J].环境科技,2010,23(5):1-3.
[28]苏翌,袁林江.利用浓缩污泥对污水中污染物的连续回收试验[J].环境科学研究,2011,24(12):1422-1429.
[29]Zhao W,Ting Y P,Chen J P,et al.Advanced primary treatment of waste water using a bio-flocculation-adsorption sedimentation process[J].Acta Biotechnologica,2010,20(1):53-64.
[30]Graaff M S D,Brand T P H V D,Roest K,et al.Full-scale highly-loaded wastewater treatment processes(a-stage)to increase energy production from wastewater:performance and design guidelines[J].Environmental Engineering Science,2016,33(8).
[31]Makinia J,Rosenwinkel K H,Phan L C.Modification of ASM3 for the determination of biomass adsorption/storage capacity in bulking sludge control[J].Water Science&Technology A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research,2006,53(3):91.
[32]Guven H,Ersahin M E,Dereli R K,et al.Effect of hydraulic retention time on the performance of high-rate activated sludge system:a pilot-scale study[J].Water Air&Soil Pollution,2017,228(11):417.
[33]Jimenez J,Bott C,Miller M,et al.High-rate activated sludge system for carbon removal-pilot results and crucial process parameters[J].Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation,2013,(16):2443-2451.
[34]Meerburg F A,Boon N,Van W T,et al.Toward energyneutral wastewater treatment:a high-rate contact stabilization process to maximally recover sewage organics[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,179(179C):373.
[35]Rahman A,Meerburg F A,Ravadagundhi S,et al.Bioflocculation management through high-rate contact-stabilization:a promising technology to recover organic carbon from lowstrength wastewater[J].Water Research,2016,104:485-496.
[36]Kinyua M N,Elliott M,Wett B,et al.The role of extracellular polymeric substances on carbon capture in a high rate activated sludge A-stage system[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,322:428-434.
[37]孙德栋,张启修.用超滤法处理回用生活污水[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2003,34(2):144-147.
[38]Vigneswaran S,Shon H K,Boonthanon S,et al.Membraneflocculation-adsorption hybrid system in wastewater treatment:micro and nano size organic matter removal[J].Water Science and Technology,2004,50(12):265-271.
[39]Abdessemed D,Nezzal G,Aim R B.Coagulation-adsorption-ultrafiltration for wastewater treatment and reuse[J].Desalination,2000,131(1/2/3):307-314.
[40]Zhao Q L,Zhong H Y,Liu J L,et al.Integrated coagulationtrickling filter-ultrafiltration processes for domestic wastewater treatment and reclamation[J].Water Science&Technology,2012,65(9):1599-1605.
[41]王忺.混凝吸附强化分离浓缩生活污水[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2014:56-66.
[42]曹明利.混凝-动态膜浓缩生活污水研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2013:40-47.
[43]Guo W S,Vigneswaran S,Ngo H H,et al.Experimental investigation of adsorption-flocculation-microfiltration hybrid system in wastewater reuse[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2004,242(1):27-35.
[44]Remy C,Boulestreau M,Lesjean B.Proof of concept for a new energy-positive wastewater treatment scheme[J].Water Science and Technology,2014,70(10):1709-1716.
[45]Faust L,Temmink H,Zwijnenburg A,et al.High loaded MBRs for organic matter recovery from sewage:effect of solids retention time on bioflocculation and on the role of extracellular polymers[J].Water Research,2014,56(6):258-266.
[46]Faust L,Temmink H,Zwijnenburg A,et al.Effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on the bioflocculation process in high loaded MBRs[J].Water Research,2014,66(3):199.
[47]Khiewwijit R,Keesman K J,Rijnaarts H,et al.Volatile fatty acids production from sewage organic matter by combined bioflocculation and anaerobic fermentation[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,193:150-155.
[48]宋哲华,杨宁宁,文湘华,等.生物吸附-膜反应器富集生活污水中碳源物质的特性[J].环境工程学报,2016(10):5400-5406.
[49]Krishnan V,Ahmad D,Endut E M.Effect of coagulation on palm oil mill effluent and subsequent treatment of coagulated sludge by anaerobic digestion[J].Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,2006,81(10):1652-1660.
[50]Jin Z,Gong H,Temmink H,et al.Efficient sewage pre-concentration with combined coagulation microfiltration for organic matter recovery[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,292:130-138.
[51]Tuyet N T,Dan N P,Vu N C,et al.Laboratory-scale membrane up-concentration and co-anaerobic digestion for energy recovery from sewage and kitchen waste[J].Water Science and Technology,2016,73(3):597-606.
[52]Verstraete W,Van de Caveye P,Diamantis V.Maximum use of resources present in domestic“used water”[J].Bioresource technology,2009,100(23):5537-5545.
[53]Diamantis V,Verstraete W,Eftaxias A,et al.Sewage preconcentration for maximum recovery and reuse at decentralized level[J].Water Science and Technology,2013,67(6):1188-1193.