中国丝绸之路经济带区域物流空间差异及其演化研究
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摘要
区域物流发展水平是衡量某一地区经济发展水平的重要标志,从单因素指标和多因素指标两个方面全面分析了丝绸之路经济带的区域物流空间现状,通过计算区域物流的区位基尼系数、区位熵、引力强度等,剖析丝绸之路经济带的区域物流演化过程和空间网络结构。研究表明:(1)区域物流发展水平地区间差异较大,在东、中、西三大地带上的空间分布圈层特征明显,且与经济发展状况呈正相关关系。(2)区域物流分布呈多中心等级模式,物流节点的梯度关系较强。(3)区域物流分布相对比较集中,在中部地区的集聚程度最大,形成"一带两组团"格局。(4)区域物流的集聚趋势逐渐减弱,但各省区之间的差异不断扩大。(5)区域物流联系强度显著增强,区域物流网络得到进一步完善,较完整的多等级区域物流网络结构基本形成。(6)产业互补性、交通便捷程度、区位条件、政策优势是影响区域物流联系强度的重要因素。为进一步完善区域物流网络结构,可划分中国丝绸之路经济带核心区、扩展区和辐射区,加强大区域范围内的通道建设,促进东部地区产业升级和转移,增强地间的产业分工与协作,由主要省份的物流管理部门牵头组成物流区域发展协调机构,并在交通、通信、技术和金融等方面给予政策倾斜和支持。
Taking the example of the Silk-road Economic Belt in China,this paper analyzed the developing level,evolution characteristics and space net structure of regional logistics using statistical data,factor analysis,Gini coefficient,location quotient and gravity model. The indicators consist of economic developing level,logistics needs,scale of logistics industry,information level and fundamental facility construction come from the"China Statistical Yearbook(2004 to 2013)","Yearbook of China Transportation and Communication(2004-2013)"and relative yearbooks in each province. Through analysis of the regional logistics in Silk-road Economic Belt of China,some corresponding countermeasures and suggestions with the purpose of optimize spatial structure of regional logistics are put forward. The implications from the study are as follows:(1)The developing level of regional logistics industry between provinces is getting gradually expanding,and the characteristics of the spatial distribution is significantly in different part of China. There is a positive correlation between the developing level of regional logistics industry and economic.(2)The spatial distribution of regional logistics industry presents a pattern of multi-center hierarchical diffusion. The logistics parks have formed gradient relationship,and established its own system.(3)Regional logistics distribution is relatively concentrated and the agglomeration degree is the greatest in the central region of China. The one-area and two-group structure of regional logistics industry is gradually framed.(4)Agglomeration trends change from strong to weak. The differences of agglomeration degree between provinces are expanding.(5)The contact intensity of regional logistics is significantly enhanced and an integrated network has come into being.(6)Industrial complementarity,convenient degree of traffic,location conditions and policy advantage are important factors that affect contact strength of regional logistics. To improve the structure of regional logistics network,it is necessary to mark off the different function areas of Silk-road Economic Belt,strengthen the construction of the channel,promote industrial upgrading and transferring of eastern region,enhance industrial division and cooperation between areas,establish regional coordination agency of logistics and provide policy support.
Taking the example of the Silk-road Economic Belt in China,this paper analyzed the developing level,evolution characteristics and space net structure of regional logistics using statistical data,factor analysis,Gini coefficient,location quotient and gravity model. The indicators consist of economic developing level,logistics needs,scale of logistics industry,information level and fundamental facility construction come from the"China Statistical Yearbook(2004 to 2013)","Yearbook of China Transportation and Communication(2004-2013)"and relative yearbooks in each province. Through analysis of the regional logistics in Silk-road Economic Belt of China,some corresponding countermeasures and suggestions with the purpose of optimize spatial structure of regional logistics are put forward. The implications from the study are as follows:(1)The developing level of regional logistics industry between provinces is getting gradually expanding,and the characteristics of the spatial distribution is significantly in different part of China. There is a positive correlation between the developing level of regional logistics industry and economic.(2)The spatial distribution of regional logistics industry presents a pattern of multi-center hierarchical diffusion. The logistics parks have formed gradient relationship,and established its own system.(3)Regional logistics distribution is relatively concentrated and the agglomeration degree is the greatest in the central region of China. The one-area and two-group structure of regional logistics industry is gradually framed.(4)Agglomeration trends change from strong to weak. The differences of agglomeration degree between provinces are expanding.(5)The contact intensity of regional logistics is significantly enhanced and an integrated network has come into being.(6)Industrial complementarity,convenient degree of traffic,location conditions and policy advantage are important factors that affect contact strength of regional logistics. To improve the structure of regional logistics network,it is necessary to mark off the different function areas of Silk-road Economic Belt,strengthen the construction of the channel,promote industrial upgrading and transferring of eastern region,enhance industrial division and cooperation between areas,establish regional coordination agency of logistics and provide policy support.
引文
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[29]王成金,张梦天.中国物流企业的布局特征与形成机制[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(1):134-144.[WANG Chengjn,ZHANG Mengtian.Spatial pattern and its mechanism of modern logistics companies in China[J].Progress in Geography,2014,33(1):134-144.]
[30]曹卫东.城市物流企业区位分布的空间格局及其演化-以苏州市为例[J].地理研究,2011,30(11):1997-2007.[CAO Weidong.Spatial pattern and location evolution of urban logistics enterprises:Taking Suzhou as an example[J].Geographical Research,2011,30(11):1997-2007.]
[31]千庆兰,陈颖彪,李雁,等.广州市物流企业空间布局特征及其影响因素[J].地理研究,2011,30(7):1254-1261.[QIAN Qinglan,CHEN Yingbiao,LI Yan,et al.Spatial distribution of logistics enterprises in Guangzhou and its influence factors[J].Geographical Research,2011,31(7):1254-1261.]
[32]潘裕娟,曹小曙.广州批发市场的供应物流空间格局及其形成机制[J].地理学报,2012,67(2):179-188.[PAN Yujuan,CAO Xiaoshu.Spatial pattern and their formation mechanism of supply logistics network of wholesale markets in Guangzhou[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(2):179-188.]
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[2]海峰.区域物流论:理论、实证与案例[M].北京:经济管理出版社,2006:86.[HAI Feng.The theory of regional logistics:theory.empirical and case[M].Beijing:Economic Management Press,2006:86.]
[3]HANSON S.Geography of urban transportation[M].New York:Guilford,1995:23-44.
[4]HOYLE B S,KNOWLES R D.Modem transport geography[M].London:Wiley,1998:17-25.
[5]MCKINNON A.Logistical restructuring,freight trace growth and the environment[M].London:Spon Press,1998:97-109.
[6]RIEMERS C.Functional relations in distribution channels and locational patterns of the Dutch wholesale sector[J].Geografiska Annaler:Series B Human Geography,1998,80(2):83-100.
[7]O’KELLY.A geographer’s analysis of hub and spoke networks[J].Journal of Transport Geography,1998,6(3):171-186.
[8]DEMARCO Alberto,RAFAEL Carlo.System dynamics simulation:an application to regional logistics policy making[J].International Journal of Computers,2007,1(4):255-262.
[9]CRESWELL T.The production of mobility[J].New Formations,2001,43(1):11-25.
[10]CRANG M.Commentary[J].Environment and Planning A,2002,34(4):569-574.
[11]孙峰华,魏晓,刘玉桥,等.山东半岛城市群物流业发展核心竞争力[J].地理学报,2008,63(10):1108-1118.[SUN Fenghua,WEI Xiao,LIU Yuqiao,et al.The core competence of logistics industry development in Shangdong Peninsula city group[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2008,63(10):1108-1118.]
[12]金凤花,李全喜,孙磐石.基于场论的区域物流发展水平评价及聚类分析[J].经济地理,2010,30(7):1138-1143.[JIN Fenghua,LI Quanxi,SUN Panshi.Evaluation and cluster analysis of regional logistics development level based on field theory[J].Economic Geography,2010,30(7):1138-1143.]
[13]李全喜,金凤花,孙磐石.区域物流引力和地位模型的构建及应用研究[J].经济地理,2010,30(10):1619-1630.[LI Quanxi,JIN Fenghua,SUN Panshi.Construction and application of regional logistics gravity model and regional logistics status model[J].Economic Geography,2010,30(10):1619-1630.]
[14]王建伟,毛韬,付鑫.基于ESDA的西北公路网分布空间差异分析[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(2):329-336.[WANG Jianwei,MAO Tao,FU Xin.Spatial disparities of the distribution of highway network in northwest China based on exploratory spatial data analysis[J].Arid Land Geography,2013,36(2):329-336.]
[15]赵莉.中国物流产业与区域经济协调发展研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨商业大学,2013.[ZHAO Li.Research on the coordinate development between logistics industry and regional economy in China[D].Harbin:Harbin University of Commerce,2013.]
[16]高秀丽.物流业与区域经济协调发展研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2013.[GAO Xiuli.Research on coordinated development of the logistics industry and regional economics[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2013.]
[17]韩增林,李亚军,王利.城市物流园区及配送中心布局规划研究-以大连市物流园区建设规划为例[J].地理科学,2003,23(5):535-541.[HAN Zenglin,LI Yajun,WANG Li.Research on the layout and planning of distribution park in city:a case of Dalian[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2003,23(5):535-541.]
[18]惠英,舒慧琴.长三角物流园区规划布局分析[J].城市规划学刊,2008,(3):64-70.[HUI Ying,SHU Huiqin.An analysis on the distribution of logistics parks in the Yangtze River Delta[J].Urban Planning Forum,2008,(3):64-70.]
[19]王洁,陈功玉.中国物流园区省区分布的聚类分析[J].经济与管理,2008,22(4):31-34.[WANG Jie,CHEN Gongyu.Cluster analysis on provincial logistics park data in China[J].Economy and Management,2008,22(4):31-34.]
[20]张宝友,朱卫平,孟丽君.物流产业效率评价及与FDI质量相关性分析-基于2002-2011年数据的实证[J].经济地理,2013,33(1):105-111.[ZHANG Baoyou,ZHU Weiping,MENG Lijun.Evaluation of the logistics industry and correlation analysis of FDI quality:based on 2002-2011 empirical data[J].Economic Geography,2013,33(1):105-111.]
[21]韩增林,王成金,尤飞.我国物流业发展与布局的特点及对策探讨[J].地理科学进展,2002,21(1):81-89.[HAN Zenglin,WANG Chengjin,YOU Fei.The characters of the development and distribution about Chinese logistics and the discussion of the developing measures[J].Progress in Geography,2002,21(1):81-89.]
[22]金凤君,王成金.轴-辐侍服理念下的中国航空网络模式构筑[J].地理研究,2005,24(5):774-784.[JIN Fengjun,WANG Chengjin.Hub and spoke system and China aviation network organization[J].Geographical Research,2005,24(5):774-784.]
[23]刘定慧,杨永春,朱超洪.兰州市职住空间组织特征[J].干旱区地理,2012,35(2):288-294.[LIU Dinghui,YANG Yongchun,ZHU Chaohong.Characteristics of jobs-housing spatial organization in Lanzhou City[J].Arid Land Geography,2012,35(2):288-294.]
[24]沈玉芳,王能洲,马仁峰,等.长三角区域物流空间布局及演化特征研究[J].经济地理,2011,31(4):618-623.[SHEN Yufang,WANG Nengzhou,MA Renfeng,et al.A research on the spatial distribution of regional logistics and evolution in the Yangtze River Delta[J].Economic Geography,2011,31(4):618-623.]
[25]徐建,曹有挥,孙伟.基于公路运输成本的长三角轴-辐物流网络的构建[J].地理研究,2009,28(4):911-919.[XU Jian,CAO Youhui,SUN Wei.Construction of hub-and-spoke logistics network based on road traffic cost in Yangtze River Delta[J].Geographical Research,2009,28(4):911-919.]
[26]刘荷,王健.基于轴辐理论的区域物流网络构建及实证研究[J].经济地理,2014,34(2):108-113.[LIU He,WANG Jian.The construction of regional logistics network and its empirical research based on hub-and-spoke theory[J].Economic Geography,2014,34(2):108-113.]
[27]李文博,张永胜.浙江轴辐式的现代物流网络构建的实证研究[J].经济地理,2011,31(8):1335-1340.[LI Wenbo,ZHANG Yongsheng.Empirical research on hub-and-spoke logistics network construction of Zhejiang Province[J].Economic Geography,2011,31(8):1335-1340.]
[28]王鑫磊,王圣云.中部地区“轴-辐”物流网络构建-基于公路和铁路运输成本的分析视角[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(12):1583-1590.[WANG Xinlei,WANG Shengyun.The hub-andspoke logistics network system in central China based on road and railway transportation cost[J].Progress in Geography,2012,31(12):1583-1590.]
[29]王成金,张梦天.中国物流企业的布局特征与形成机制[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(1):134-144.[WANG Chengjn,ZHANG Mengtian.Spatial pattern and its mechanism of modern logistics companies in China[J].Progress in Geography,2014,33(1):134-144.]
[30]曹卫东.城市物流企业区位分布的空间格局及其演化-以苏州市为例[J].地理研究,2011,30(11):1997-2007.[CAO Weidong.Spatial pattern and location evolution of urban logistics enterprises:Taking Suzhou as an example[J].Geographical Research,2011,30(11):1997-2007.]
[31]千庆兰,陈颖彪,李雁,等.广州市物流企业空间布局特征及其影响因素[J].地理研究,2011,30(7):1254-1261.[QIAN Qinglan,CHEN Yingbiao,LI Yan,et al.Spatial distribution of logistics enterprises in Guangzhou and its influence factors[J].Geographical Research,2011,31(7):1254-1261.]
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