豆类作物一器双行气吸式高速精量排种器设计与试验
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摘要
为解决豆类作物窄行密植种植模式下高速精量播种的问题,设计了一种一器双行气吸式高速精量排种器,采用单风道单排种盘实现双行播种作业。阐述了其基本结构与工作原理,对关键参数进行了理论分析,确定了工作区域,明确了排种盘的结构形式,建立了主要结构参数的数学模型。以影响排种器工作性能的主要因素吸孔直径、真空度和机器前进速度为试验因素,进行了三因素三水平的Box-Behnken旋转正交试验。试验结果表明:吸孔直径4. 5 mm、真空度4. 5 kPa、前进速度10 km/h为最优组合,在最优参数组合条件下,内圈合格率为97. 83%,内圈漏播率为0. 62%,外圈合格率为98. 24%,外圈漏播率为0. 47%,满足设计要求。为考察排种器的速度适应性,进行了速度单因素试验,结果表明,速度在14 km/h以内时,内、外圈合格率大于93%,内、外圈漏播率小于5%,内、外圈重播率小于2%。为验证排种器对不同豆类品种的适应性,选取豌豆、小豆和绿豆为试验材料,根据豆类外形尺寸选取不同吸孔尺寸种盘,进行了品种适应性试验,结果表明,内、外圈合格率大于97%,内、外圈漏播率小于1%,内、外圈重播率小于3%,均优于国家标准要求,具有良好的品种适应性。
Under the narrow-row-dense planting mode of beans,it is difficult to achieve high-speed precision seeding. However,a pneumatic precision seed-metering device with single seed-metering plate for double-row was developed,which used single-channel and single-row seeding tray to realize doublerow seeding operation. The basic structure and working principle were expounded. The working area of the seeding device was divided,the structural form of the seeding tray was determined,the key parameters of the main structure were analyzed and the mathematical model was determined. The experiment was employed through the method of Box-Behnken orthogonal rotating center combination of three factors and three levels according to the GB 6973—2005 national standard. In test,soybean seed Zhonghuang 37 was selected as experimental material. Combining with extensive pre-experiment and theoretical analysis,hole diameter,vacuum degree,forward speed were taken as main influencing factors,the seed qualified index and missing index were taken as response index. The results showed that the order of contribution rates on the effect of inner qualified index was the vacuum degree,hole diameter and forward speed,the order of contribution rates on the effect of inner missing rate was vacuum degree,forward speed and hole diameter,the order of contribution rates on the effect of outer eligible rate was vacuum degree,forward speed and hole diameter,the order of contribution rates on the effect of outer qualified index was hole diameter,vacuum degree and forward speed. The optimal combination of parameters was as follows: the hole diameter was 4. 5 mm,the vacuum degree was 4. 5 kPa,the working speed was 10 km/h,and under the optimal combinations,the inner eligible rate was 97. 83%,the inner missing index was 0. 62%,the outer eligible rate was 98. 24%,the outer missing rate was 0. 47%. The verification test was repeated 10 times,the results indicated that the actual test results were in agreement with the optimization results. Then,a speed single factor test was carried out. The results showed that the inner and outer eligible rate were more than 93%,the inner and outer missing rate were not more than5%,and the inner and outer multiple rate were not more than 2%. At last,the adaptation tests of peas,mung beans and adzuki beans were carried out. The results showed that the inner and outer circle eligible rate were more than 97%,the inner and outer missing rate were not more than 1%,and the inner and outer multiple rate were not more than 3%. The results of the research laid a foundation for the development of pneumatic precision seed-metering device for bean,and provided a reference for the research of bean narrow-row and flat-dense planter.
Under the narrow-row-dense planting mode of beans,it is difficult to achieve high-speed precision seeding. However,a pneumatic precision seed-metering device with single seed-metering plate for double-row was developed,which used single-channel and single-row seeding tray to realize doublerow seeding operation. The basic structure and working principle were expounded. The working area of the seeding device was divided,the structural form of the seeding tray was determined,the key parameters of the main structure were analyzed and the mathematical model was determined. The experiment was employed through the method of Box-Behnken orthogonal rotating center combination of three factors and three levels according to the GB 6973—2005 national standard. In test,soybean seed Zhonghuang 37 was selected as experimental material. Combining with extensive pre-experiment and theoretical analysis,hole diameter,vacuum degree,forward speed were taken as main influencing factors,the seed qualified index and missing index were taken as response index. The results showed that the order of contribution rates on the effect of inner qualified index was the vacuum degree,hole diameter and forward speed,the order of contribution rates on the effect of inner missing rate was vacuum degree,forward speed and hole diameter,the order of contribution rates on the effect of outer eligible rate was vacuum degree,forward speed and hole diameter,the order of contribution rates on the effect of outer qualified index was hole diameter,vacuum degree and forward speed. The optimal combination of parameters was as follows: the hole diameter was 4. 5 mm,the vacuum degree was 4. 5 kPa,the working speed was 10 km/h,and under the optimal combinations,the inner eligible rate was 97. 83%,the inner missing index was 0. 62%,the outer eligible rate was 98. 24%,the outer missing rate was 0. 47%. The verification test was repeated 10 times,the results indicated that the actual test results were in agreement with the optimization results. Then,a speed single factor test was carried out. The results showed that the inner and outer eligible rate were more than 93%,the inner and outer missing rate were not more than5%,and the inner and outer multiple rate were not more than 2%. At last,the adaptation tests of peas,mung beans and adzuki beans were carried out. The results showed that the inner and outer circle eligible rate were more than 97%,the inner and outer missing rate were not more than 1%,and the inner and outer multiple rate were not more than 3%. The results of the research laid a foundation for the development of pneumatic precision seed-metering device for bean,and provided a reference for the research of bean narrow-row and flat-dense planter.
引文
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[7]杨丽,颜丙新,张东兴,等.玉米精密播种技术研究进展[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(11):38-48.YANG Li,YAN Bingxin,ZHANG Dongxing,et al. Research progress on precision planting technology of maize[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(11):38-48. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20161106&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2016. 11. 006.(in Chinese)
[8]刘文忠,赵满全,王文明,等.气吸式排种装置排种性能理论分析与试验[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(9):133-138.LIU Wenzhong,ZHAO Manquan,WANG Wenming,et al. Theoretical analysis and experiments of metering performance of the pheumatic seed metering device[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2010,26(9):133-138.(in Chinese)
[9]丁力,杨丽,刘守荣,等.辅助充种种盘玉米气吸式高速精量排种器设计[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(22):1-11.DING Li,YANG Li,LIU Shourong,et al. Design of air suction high speed precision maize seed metering device with assistant seed filling plate[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2018,34(22):1-11.(in Chinese)
[10]李玉环,杨丽,韩英,等.勺夹式蚕豆精量排种器设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(增刊):108-116.LI Yuhuan,YANG Li,HAN Ying,et al. Design and experiment of spoon-clamping type metering device for faba beans[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(Supp.):108-116. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=2018s015&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298.2018. S0. 015.(in Chinese)
[11]颜丙新,张东兴,崔涛,等.排种盘和负压腔室同步旋转气吸式玉米精量排种器设计[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(23):15-23.YAN Bingxin,ZHANG Dongxing,CUI Tao,et al. Design of pneumatic maize precision seed-metering device with synchronous rotating seed plate and vacuum chamber[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(23):15-23.(in Chinese)
[12]孙裕晶,马成林,牛序堂,等.基于离散元的大豆精密排种过程分析与动态模拟[J].农业机械学报,2006,37(11):45-48.SUN Yujing,MA Chenglin,NIU Xutang,et al. Discrete element analysis and animation of soybean precision seeding process based on CAD boundary model[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2006,37(11):45-48.(in Chinese)
[13]张建平,李飞雄.气吸式排种器排种均匀性的Monte Carlo模拟[J].农业工程学报,1994,10(1):56-62.ZHANG Jianping,LI Feixiong. The Monte Carlo simulation on release homogeneity of suetion-type metering device[J].Transactions of the CSAE,1994,10(1):56-62.(in Chinese)
[14] ALI MUSA B. Seeding uniformity for vacuum precision seeders[J]. Scientia Agricola,2008,65(3):318-322.
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