基于DPM-SPOT的2000—2015年中亚荒漠化变化分析
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摘要
中亚地区与中国西部同属一个完整的内陆地理生态系统,生态环境极其相似,基于丝绸之路经济带的区域间大发展,对中亚地区荒漠化的研究,将更好的服务于我国向中亚开放发展的战略。依据2000—2015年SPOT VEGETATION为数据源,引入像元二分模型法(DPM),得到2000—2015年间中亚地区的植被覆盖度数据,通过计算转换,最终获取4期中亚地区土地荒漠化程度分布图与荒漠化等级数据,并对其进行分析。结果表明:中亚地区荒漠化总体呈"7"字形分布,基本沿东北西南方向对称;中亚地区整体荒漠化情况不容乐观,荒漠化面积比例约占到中亚地区面积的80%;荒漠化有扩张趋势,2000—2010年,约以每年20 km的速度向北部扩张,但从2010—2015年以后增速明显放缓。总体来看,中亚西南部荒漠化程度依然在加剧。研究表明,基于遥感数据对中亚荒漠化问题的研究,可以有效弥补地面数据不足这一劣势,为以后大尺度的遥感制图提供数据支撑。
In recent years,China's economy and trade relations with Central Asia have become much closer. The analysis of the overall pattern of land desertification and the change of desertification area in Central Asia is of great importance as western China and Central Asia share the same inland geographic ecosystem and it will also provide help to China's Open Strategy to Central Asia. Based on SPOT VEGETATION data from 2000 to 2015,the fractional vegetation coverage data in Central Asia was calculated in this study using the dimidiate pixel model( DPM) and the results were further mapped into the degree profile of land desertification and desertification classification which were illustrated in four phases by every five years from 2000 to 2015. The study showed that the distribution of desertification in Central Asia appeared overall in a shape as digit "7",which meant an obvious strip-shape distribution of desertification existed from the north to the south and it got worse along the direction,and an apparent stripshape distribution of desertification also existed from the west to the east while the degree of desertification got worn off. The southwest part of this region had the serious desertification. The area of desertification in Central Asia had been expanding,mainly towards the north at a rate about 20 km every year. During the period from 2000 to 2015,the Central Asia desertification area kept increasing from 3 807 298 km2 in 2000 to 4 076 818 km2 in 2015 with a growth rate of 7. 08%. The growth was mainly divided into two stages: the first stage was the increase of the severe desertification areas from 2000 to 2010. The second stage was mainly the increase of the mild and moderate desertification areas from 2010 to 2015. In general,in the southwest of Central Asia,the desertification has been aggravating. The study demonstrated it can effectively retrieve the regional fractional vegetation coverage by using NDVI as the most suitable characterization of vegetation index combined with DPM as the vegetation and soil type is relatively simple in the region which actually made up the ground data deficiency. The study on the desertification in Central Asia based on the remotely sensed data can provide data support for cartography in large scale and the development decision in Silk Road Economic Belt.
In recent years,China's economy and trade relations with Central Asia have become much closer. The analysis of the overall pattern of land desertification and the change of desertification area in Central Asia is of great importance as western China and Central Asia share the same inland geographic ecosystem and it will also provide help to China's Open Strategy to Central Asia. Based on SPOT VEGETATION data from 2000 to 2015,the fractional vegetation coverage data in Central Asia was calculated in this study using the dimidiate pixel model( DPM) and the results were further mapped into the degree profile of land desertification and desertification classification which were illustrated in four phases by every five years from 2000 to 2015. The study showed that the distribution of desertification in Central Asia appeared overall in a shape as digit "7",which meant an obvious strip-shape distribution of desertification existed from the north to the south and it got worse along the direction,and an apparent stripshape distribution of desertification also existed from the west to the east while the degree of desertification got worn off. The southwest part of this region had the serious desertification. The area of desertification in Central Asia had been expanding,mainly towards the north at a rate about 20 km every year. During the period from 2000 to 2015,the Central Asia desertification area kept increasing from 3 807 298 km2 in 2000 to 4 076 818 km2 in 2015 with a growth rate of 7. 08%. The growth was mainly divided into two stages: the first stage was the increase of the severe desertification areas from 2000 to 2010. The second stage was mainly the increase of the mild and moderate desertification areas from 2010 to 2015. In general,in the southwest of Central Asia,the desertification has been aggravating. The study demonstrated it can effectively retrieve the regional fractional vegetation coverage by using NDVI as the most suitable characterization of vegetation index combined with DPM as the vegetation and soil type is relatively simple in the region which actually made up the ground data deficiency. The study on the desertification in Central Asia based on the remotely sensed data can provide data support for cartography in large scale and the development decision in Silk Road Economic Belt.
引文
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[7]曹永翔,刘小丹,张克斌,等.青海省都兰县察汗乌苏绿洲植被覆盖度变化研究[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(5):1267-1272.[CAO Yongxiang,LIU Xiaodan,ZHANG Kebin,et al.Vegetation coverage change of Tsagan Us Oasis in Dulan County,Qinghai Province,China[J].Journal of Desert Research,2011,31(5):1267-1272.]
[8]孙睿,刘昌明,朱启疆.黄河流域植被覆盖度动态变化与降水的关系[J].地理学报,2001,56(6):667-672.[SUN Rui,LIU Changming,ZHU Qijiang.Relationship between the fractional vegetation cover change and rainfall in the Yellow River Basin[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2001,56(6):667-672.]
[9]李净,刘红兵,李龙,等.基于多源遥感数据集的近30 a西北地区植被动态变化研究[J].干旱区地理,2016,39(2):387-394.[LI Jing,LIU Hongbing,LI Long,et al.Vegetation dynamic changes in northwest China based on multi-source remote sensing datasets in recent 30 years[J].Arid Land Geography,2016,39(2):387-394.]
[10]梁继运,万力,金晓媚,等.基于SPOT-VEGETATION数据的张掖盆地植被覆盖变化动态分析[J].科技导报,2009,27(12):65-70.[LIANG Jiyun,WAN Li,JIN Xiaomei,et al.Dynamic analysis of vegetation cover in the Zhangye Basin based on SPOTVEGETATION data[J].Science&Technology Review,2009,27(12):65-70.]
[11]胡汝骥,姜逢清,王亚俊,等.中亚(五国)干旱生态地理环境特征[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(1):1-12.[HU Ruji,JIANG Fengqing,WANG Yajun,et al.Arid ecological and geographical conditions in five countries of Central Asia[J].Arid Zone Research,2014,31(1):1-12.]
[12]李泽红,王卷乐,赵中平,等.丝绸之路经济带生态环境格局与生态文明建设模式[J].资源科学,2014,36(12):2476-2482.[LI Zehong,WANG Juanle,ZHAO Zhongping,et al.Eco-environment patterns and ecological civilization modes in the Silk Road Economic Zone[J].Resources Science,2014,36(12):2476-2482.]
[13]韩旭,孙一权,冯仲科,等.基于NOAA/AVHRR的中亚地区荒漠化动态变化监测[J].测绘科学,2012,37(5):69-71.[HAN Xu,SUN Yiquan,FENG Zhongke,et al.Monitoring on dynamic change of desertification in Central Asia based on NOAA/AVHRR data[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2012,37(5):69-71.]
[14]何宝忠,丁建丽,张喆,等.新疆植被覆盖度趋势演变实验性分析[J].地理学报,2016,71(11):1948-1966.[HE Baozhong,DING Jianli,ZHANG Zhe,et al.Experimental analysis of spatial and temporal dynamics of fractional vegetation cover in Xinjiang[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2016,71(11):1948-1966.]
[15]穆少杰,李建龙,陈奕兆,等.2001—2010年内蒙古植被覆盖度时空变化特征[J].地理学报,2012,67(9):1255-1268.[MU Shaojie,LI Jianlong,CHEN Yizhao,et al.Spatial differences of variations of vegetation coverage in Inner Mongolia during 2001—2010[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(9):1255-1268.]
[16]李向婷,白洁,李光录,等.新疆荒漠稀疏植被覆盖度信息遥感提取方法比较[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(3):502-511.[LI Xiangting,BAI Jie,LI Guanglu,et al.Comparison of methods based on MODIS for estimating sparse vegetation fraction across desert in Xinjiang[J].Arid Land Geography,2013,36(3):502-511.]
[17]马娜,胡云锋,庄大方,等.基于遥感和像元二分模型的内蒙古正蓝旗植被覆盖度格局和动态变化[J].地理科学,2012,32(2):251-256.[MA Na,HU Yunfeng,ZHUANG Dafang,et al.Vegetation coverage distribution and its changes in Plan Blue Banner based on remote sensing data and dimidiate pixel model[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2012,32(2):251-256.]
[18]刘玉安,黄波,程涛,等.基于像元二分模型的淮河上游植被覆盖度遥感研究[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(1):93-97+267.[LIU Yu’an,HUANG Bo,CHENG Tao,et al.Vegetation coverage in upper Huaihe River Basin based on binary pixel model of remote sensing[J].2012,32(1):93-97+267.]
[19]何磊,王超,别强,等.利用MOD13Q1产品监测肯尼亚2001—2010年荒漠化动态[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(1):46-52.[HE Chao,WANG Chao,BIE Qiang,et al.Monitoring of desertification dynamic in Kenya during 2001—2010 using MOD13Q1 data[J].Journal of Desert Research,2013,33(1):46-52.]
[20]孙武,李保生.荒漠化分类分级理论的初步探讨[J].地理研究,1999,18(3):225-230.[SUN Wu,LI Baosheng.An approach to classification and assessment of desertification[J].Geographical Research,1999,18(3):225-230.]
[21]陈文倩,丁建丽,李艳华,等.基于国产GF-1遥感影像的水体提取方法[J].资源科学,2015,37(6):1166-1172.[CHEN Wenqian,DING Jianli,LI Yanhua,et al.Extraction of water information based on China-made GF-1 remote sense image[J].Resources Science,2015,37(6):1166-1172.]
[2]徐新良,王靓,蔡红艳.“丝绸之路经济带”沿线主要国家气候变化特征[J].资源科学,2016,38(9):1742-1753.[XU Xinliang,WANG Liang,CAI Hongyan.Spatio-temporal characteristics of climate change in the Silk Road Economic Belt[J].Resources Science,2016,38(9):1742-1753.]
[3]王新军,赵成义,杨瑞红,等.古尔班通古特沙漠南缘荒漠化过程演变的景观格局特征分析[J].干旱区地理,2015,38(6):1213-1225.[WANG Xinjun,ZHAO Chengyi,YANG Ruihong,et al.Landscape pattern characteristics of desertification evolution in southern Gurbantunggut Desert[J].Arid Land Geography,2015,38(6):1213-1225.]
[4]谢徽,郭浩.荒漠化监测与评估指标体系研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2015,28(1):7-11.[XIE Hui,GUO Hao.Research progress in desertification monitoring and evaluation indicators system[J].World Forestry Research,2015,28(1):7-11.]
[5]闫峰,吴波.近40 a毛乌素沙地荒漠化过程研究[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(6):987-996.[YAN Feng,WU Bo.Desertification progress in Mu Us Sandy Land over the past 40 years[J].Arid Land Geography,2013,36(6):987-996.]
[6]董锁成,黄永斌,李泽红,等.丝绸之路经济带经济发展格局与区域经济一体化模式[J].资源科学,2014,36(12):2451-2458.[DONG Suocheng,HUANG Yongbin,LI Zehong,et al.Economic development patterns and regional economic integration modes for the Silk Road Economic Zone[J].Resources Science,2014,36(12):2451-2458.]
[7]曹永翔,刘小丹,张克斌,等.青海省都兰县察汗乌苏绿洲植被覆盖度变化研究[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(5):1267-1272.[CAO Yongxiang,LIU Xiaodan,ZHANG Kebin,et al.Vegetation coverage change of Tsagan Us Oasis in Dulan County,Qinghai Province,China[J].Journal of Desert Research,2011,31(5):1267-1272.]
[8]孙睿,刘昌明,朱启疆.黄河流域植被覆盖度动态变化与降水的关系[J].地理学报,2001,56(6):667-672.[SUN Rui,LIU Changming,ZHU Qijiang.Relationship between the fractional vegetation cover change and rainfall in the Yellow River Basin[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2001,56(6):667-672.]
[9]李净,刘红兵,李龙,等.基于多源遥感数据集的近30 a西北地区植被动态变化研究[J].干旱区地理,2016,39(2):387-394.[LI Jing,LIU Hongbing,LI Long,et al.Vegetation dynamic changes in northwest China based on multi-source remote sensing datasets in recent 30 years[J].Arid Land Geography,2016,39(2):387-394.]
[10]梁继运,万力,金晓媚,等.基于SPOT-VEGETATION数据的张掖盆地植被覆盖变化动态分析[J].科技导报,2009,27(12):65-70.[LIANG Jiyun,WAN Li,JIN Xiaomei,et al.Dynamic analysis of vegetation cover in the Zhangye Basin based on SPOTVEGETATION data[J].Science&Technology Review,2009,27(12):65-70.]
[11]胡汝骥,姜逢清,王亚俊,等.中亚(五国)干旱生态地理环境特征[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(1):1-12.[HU Ruji,JIANG Fengqing,WANG Yajun,et al.Arid ecological and geographical conditions in five countries of Central Asia[J].Arid Zone Research,2014,31(1):1-12.]
[12]李泽红,王卷乐,赵中平,等.丝绸之路经济带生态环境格局与生态文明建设模式[J].资源科学,2014,36(12):2476-2482.[LI Zehong,WANG Juanle,ZHAO Zhongping,et al.Eco-environment patterns and ecological civilization modes in the Silk Road Economic Zone[J].Resources Science,2014,36(12):2476-2482.]
[13]韩旭,孙一权,冯仲科,等.基于NOAA/AVHRR的中亚地区荒漠化动态变化监测[J].测绘科学,2012,37(5):69-71.[HAN Xu,SUN Yiquan,FENG Zhongke,et al.Monitoring on dynamic change of desertification in Central Asia based on NOAA/AVHRR data[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2012,37(5):69-71.]
[14]何宝忠,丁建丽,张喆,等.新疆植被覆盖度趋势演变实验性分析[J].地理学报,2016,71(11):1948-1966.[HE Baozhong,DING Jianli,ZHANG Zhe,et al.Experimental analysis of spatial and temporal dynamics of fractional vegetation cover in Xinjiang[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2016,71(11):1948-1966.]
[15]穆少杰,李建龙,陈奕兆,等.2001—2010年内蒙古植被覆盖度时空变化特征[J].地理学报,2012,67(9):1255-1268.[MU Shaojie,LI Jianlong,CHEN Yizhao,et al.Spatial differences of variations of vegetation coverage in Inner Mongolia during 2001—2010[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(9):1255-1268.]
[16]李向婷,白洁,李光录,等.新疆荒漠稀疏植被覆盖度信息遥感提取方法比较[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(3):502-511.[LI Xiangting,BAI Jie,LI Guanglu,et al.Comparison of methods based on MODIS for estimating sparse vegetation fraction across desert in Xinjiang[J].Arid Land Geography,2013,36(3):502-511.]
[17]马娜,胡云锋,庄大方,等.基于遥感和像元二分模型的内蒙古正蓝旗植被覆盖度格局和动态变化[J].地理科学,2012,32(2):251-256.[MA Na,HU Yunfeng,ZHUANG Dafang,et al.Vegetation coverage distribution and its changes in Plan Blue Banner based on remote sensing data and dimidiate pixel model[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2012,32(2):251-256.]
[18]刘玉安,黄波,程涛,等.基于像元二分模型的淮河上游植被覆盖度遥感研究[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(1):93-97+267.[LIU Yu’an,HUANG Bo,CHENG Tao,et al.Vegetation coverage in upper Huaihe River Basin based on binary pixel model of remote sensing[J].2012,32(1):93-97+267.]
[19]何磊,王超,别强,等.利用MOD13Q1产品监测肯尼亚2001—2010年荒漠化动态[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(1):46-52.[HE Chao,WANG Chao,BIE Qiang,et al.Monitoring of desertification dynamic in Kenya during 2001—2010 using MOD13Q1 data[J].Journal of Desert Research,2013,33(1):46-52.]
[20]孙武,李保生.荒漠化分类分级理论的初步探讨[J].地理研究,1999,18(3):225-230.[SUN Wu,LI Baosheng.An approach to classification and assessment of desertification[J].Geographical Research,1999,18(3):225-230.]
[21]陈文倩,丁建丽,李艳华,等.基于国产GF-1遥感影像的水体提取方法[J].资源科学,2015,37(6):1166-1172.[CHEN Wenqian,DING Jianli,LI Yanhua,et al.Extraction of water information based on China-made GF-1 remote sense image[J].Resources Science,2015,37(6):1166-1172.]