不同播种期和移栽期对烤烟生长发育、产量和质量的影响
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摘要
通过大田试验研究了不同播种期和移栽期对峡江烟叶生长发育、产量和质量的影响。结果表明:在同一移栽期条件下,随着播种期的推迟,烟苗的苗龄逐渐缩短,烟株的有效叶片数趋于增加,最大叶面积有所提升,烟叶的外观质量和化学成分协调性先提升后降低;在同一播种期条件下,随着移栽期的推迟,烟株的全生育期明显缩短,株高显著增加,最大叶面积逐渐增加,其中3月5日和3月12日移栽处理烟株的烤后烟叶的外观质量、化学成分、经济性状均优于2月26日移栽处理的。综合来看,峡江烟区烤烟适宜的播种期为12月中下旬,适宜的移栽期为3月上中旬。
The effects of different sowing and transplanting dates on the growth, yield and quality of Xiajiang tobacco were studied through field trials. The results showed that the seedling age of tobacco was shorter with the delaying of sowing date at the same transplanting date. The number of effective leaves as well as the maximum leaf area tended to increase, but the appearance quality and chemical composition coordination of tobacco increased at the beginning and then decreased. With the delaying of transplanting date, the growth period was significantly shortened, but the height of tobacco plants increased significantly and the maximum leaf area of tobacco increased gradually at the same sowing date. The appearance quality, chemical composition and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco transplanted on March 5 and March 12 were better than those transplanted on February 26. By comprehensive analysis and comparison, it could be drawn conclusions that the middle or late November was suitable sowing period, and early or middle March was suitable transplanting period in Xiajiang.
The effects of different sowing and transplanting dates on the growth, yield and quality of Xiajiang tobacco were studied through field trials. The results showed that the seedling age of tobacco was shorter with the delaying of sowing date at the same transplanting date. The number of effective leaves as well as the maximum leaf area tended to increase, but the appearance quality and chemical composition coordination of tobacco increased at the beginning and then decreased. With the delaying of transplanting date, the growth period was significantly shortened, but the height of tobacco plants increased significantly and the maximum leaf area of tobacco increased gradually at the same sowing date. The appearance quality, chemical composition and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco transplanted on March 5 and March 12 were better than those transplanted on February 26. By comprehensive analysis and comparison, it could be drawn conclusions that the middle or late November was suitable sowing period, and early or middle March was suitable transplanting period in Xiajiang.
引文
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[2] 张炜,屠乃美,王可,等.烤烟井窖式小苗移栽技术研究进展[J].作物研究,2014(1):107-111.
[3] 李喜旺,周为华,蒋卫,等.烤烟“井窖式”移栽技术推广总结[J].安徽农业科学,2013(2):545-546.
[4] 齐飞.不同移栽期的气候生态因素对烤烟品质及成熟烟叶组织结构的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2011.
[5] 李迪秦,龚湛武,陈一凡,等.不同播种移栽期对烤烟产量与品质影响的多指标模糊评价[J].核农学报,2017,31(11):2258-2264.
[6] 谭子笛.不同播期对烤烟品种产量和品质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(5):556-560.
[7] 国家烟草专卖局.YC/T 142—2010烟草农艺性状调查测量方法[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.
[8] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 23222—2008烟草病虫害分级及调查方法[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[9] 王卫康.烤烟国标中分级因素的概念及把握[J].烟草科技,2004(5):44-48.
[10] 国家技术监督局.GB 2635—1992烤烟[M].北京:中国标准出版社,1992.
[11] 王瑞新.烟草化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[12] 彭耀东,胡毅翀,张正杨,等.井窖式移栽不同移栽期与苗龄对烤烟产质量的影响[J].广东农业科学,2017,44(2):25-31.
[13] 端永明,陈树林,岳绍启,等.不同苗龄烤烟在最佳移栽期移栽对烟叶产量和质量的影响[J].青海师范大学学报:自然科学版,2009(4):89-93.
[14] 刘海业,高卫锴,周立非,等.不同叶龄移栽对烤烟光合生产及产量和品质的影响[J].华北农学报,2017,32(4):232-238.
[15] 向德恩,时鹏,申国明,等.不同移栽期对恩施烤烟产量和质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2011,32(s1):57-62.
[16] 李群岭,黄聪光,齐永杰.不同播种期和移栽期对烤烟生长发育及品质的影响[J].天津农业科学,2012,18(5):103-106.
[17] 孔凡玉.烟草青枯病的综合防治[J].烟草科技,2003,50(4):12-16.
[18] 李永育,张秀衢.不同播栽期对翠碧1号烤烟生长发育和产质量的影响[J].江西农业学报,2013,25(1):95-98.