金佛山不同高程岩溶泉初春时期溶解态脂类生物标志物研究
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摘要
为探究金佛山不同高程的表层岩溶泉入春时期溶解有机质的来源和转化特点,于2017年1、2和4月分别在水房泉(2045 m)和碧潭泉(730 m)进行采样,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对样品中脂类生物标志物(溶解态正构烷烃、脂肪酸)的组分进行定量分析.结果表明,水房泉和碧潭泉溶解态正构烷烃(T-ALK)含量变化范围分别为1546~19314 ng·L~(-1)和1089~12234 ng·L~(-1),平均含量分别为8036、5553ng·L~(-1);脂肪酸变化范围分别为4163~13048 ng·L~(-1)和5519~10079 ng·L~(-1),平均含量分别为8039和8421 ng·L~(-1).由于春季气温回升和降水增多,正构烷烃和脂肪酸含量总体均处于上升趋势.同时,基于正构烷烃分子参数CPI、OEP、TAR、L/H发现,溶解态正构烷烃以细菌源为主,高等植物源输入逐月升高,以低海拔处的碧潭泉变化更为显著.溶解态脂肪酸1、2月以细菌源为主,4月以真菌源和高等植物源脂肪酸为主,细菌源比重依然较高,且因不同海拔的生境不同导致碧潭泉的水生生物输入较水房泉更稳定.
In order to explore the sources and transport of dissolved organic matter in epi-Karst springs during the transition from winter to spring,samples containing lipid biomarkers( dissolved n-alkanes and fatty acids) were collected from Shuifang spring( high altitude) and Bitan spring( low altitude) at different elevations in Jinfo mountain in January,February and April 2017. The composition of lipid biomarkers was quantitatively analyzed using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometer( GC-MS). The results showed that the total contents of dissolved n-alkanes in Shuifang spring and Bitan spring ranged from 1546 to 19314 ng·L~(-1) and from 1089 to 12234 ng·L~(-1),respectively. The average contents of n-alkanes were 8036 and 555 ng·L~(-1). Fatty acids ranged from 4163 to 13048 ng·L~(-1) and from 5519 to 10079 ng·L~(-1),respectively. The average contents of fatty acids were 8039 and 8421 ng·L~(-1),respectively. In a word,the contents of n-alkanes and fatty acids were on the rise,responding to the increased air temperature and precipitation in spring.It shows that the n-alkanes were mainly from bacteria,and the input of terrigenous higher plants increased month by month,especially in Bitan spring based on the calculation of n-alkane molecular parameters( CPI,OEP,TAR and L/H). In January and February,dissolved fatty acids mainly originated from bacteria. In April,the main sources of fatty acids came from fungus and terrigenous higher plants,while the contribution from bacterial sources was still high. The aquatic biogenic fatty acids in Bitan spring were more stable than those in Shuifang spring as a result of different altitude habitats.
In order to explore the sources and transport of dissolved organic matter in epi-Karst springs during the transition from winter to spring,samples containing lipid biomarkers( dissolved n-alkanes and fatty acids) were collected from Shuifang spring( high altitude) and Bitan spring( low altitude) at different elevations in Jinfo mountain in January,February and April 2017. The composition of lipid biomarkers was quantitatively analyzed using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometer( GC-MS). The results showed that the total contents of dissolved n-alkanes in Shuifang spring and Bitan spring ranged from 1546 to 19314 ng·L~(-1) and from 1089 to 12234 ng·L~(-1),respectively. The average contents of n-alkanes were 8036 and 555 ng·L~(-1). Fatty acids ranged from 4163 to 13048 ng·L~(-1) and from 5519 to 10079 ng·L~(-1),respectively. The average contents of fatty acids were 8039 and 8421 ng·L~(-1),respectively. In a word,the contents of n-alkanes and fatty acids were on the rise,responding to the increased air temperature and precipitation in spring.It shows that the n-alkanes were mainly from bacteria,and the input of terrigenous higher plants increased month by month,especially in Bitan spring based on the calculation of n-alkane molecular parameters( CPI,OEP,TAR and L/H). In January and February,dissolved fatty acids mainly originated from bacteria. In April,the main sources of fatty acids came from fungus and terrigenous higher plants,while the contribution from bacterial sources was still high. The aquatic biogenic fatty acids in Bitan spring were more stable than those in Shuifang spring as a result of different altitude habitats.
引文
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Bourbonniere R A,Meyers P A.1996.Sedimentary geolipid records of historical changes in the watersheds and productivities of Lakes Ontario and Erie[J].Limnology&Oceanography,41(2):352-359
Camacho-Ibar V F,Aveytua-Alcázar L,Carriquiry J D.2003.Fatty acid reactivities in sediment cores from the northern Gulf of California[J].Organic Geochemistry,34(3):425-439
Chen W B,Smith D S,Gueguen C.2013.Influence of water chemistry and dissolved organic matter(DOM)molecular size on copper and mercury binding determined by multiresponse fluorescence quenching[J].Chemosphere,92(4):351-359
陈振翔,于鑫,夏明芳,等.2005.磷脂脂肪酸分析方法在微生物生态学中的应用[J].生态学杂志,24(7):828-832
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段毅,吴保祥,徐丽,等.2011.不同纬度地区植物中正构烷烃及其同位素组成[J].地质学报,85(2):262-271
段毅,吴保祥.2008.中国大陆主要植物中单体正构烷烃氢同位素组成及其与环境关系研究[J].科学通报,53(22):2776-2781
Dalsgaard J,Jone M S,Kattner G,et al.2003.Fatty acid trophic markers in the pelagic marine environment[J].Advances in Marine Biology,46(6):225
ESRLGMD.2017.Trends in atmospheric carbon dioxide[OL].2017-12-30.https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/
Ficken K J,Li B,Swain D L,et al.2000.An n-alkane proxy for the sedimentary input of submerged/floating freshwater aquatic macrophytes[J].Organic Geochemistry,31(7/8):745-749
Greenwood P F,Berwick L J,CrouéJ P.2012.Molecular characterisation of the dissolved organic matter of wastewater effluents by MSSVpyrolysis GC-MS and search for source markers[J].Chemosphere,87(5):504-512
He D,Mead R N,Belicka L,et al.2014.Assessing source contributions to particulate organic matter in a subtropical estuary:A biomarker approach[J].Organic Geochemistry,75(4):129-139
贺秋芳,杨平恒,袁文昊,等.2009.微生物与化学示踪岩溶地下水补给源和途径[J].水文地质工程地质,36(3):33-38
胡冬梅,彭林,白慧玲,等.2013.太原市空气颗粒物中正构烷烃分布特征及来源解析[J].环境科学,34(10):3733-3740
Ishiwatari R,Yamamoto S,Shinoyama S.2006.Lignin and fatty acid records in Lake Baikal sediments over the last 130 kyr:Acomparison with pollen records[J].Organic Geochemistry,37(12):1787-1802
Jung B J,Jeanneau L,Alewell C,et al.2015.Downstream alteration of the composition and biodegradability of particulate organic carbon in a mountainous,mixed land-use watershed[J].Biogeochemistry,122(1):79-99
蒋忠诚,覃小群,曹建华,等.2013.论岩溶作用对全球碳循环的意义与碳汇效应---兼对《对〈中国岩溶作用产生的大气CO2碳汇分区估算〉一文的商榷》的答复[J].中国岩溶,32(1):1-6
Kalbitz K,Kaiser K.2010.Contribution of dissolved organic matter to carbon storage in forest mineral soils[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,171(1):52-60
Landry C,Tremblay L.2012.Compositional differences between size classes of dissolved organic matter from freshwater and seawater revealed by an HPLC-FTIR system[J].Environmental Science&Technology,46(3):1700-1707
梁作兵,孙玉川,王尊波,等.2015.青木关地下河系统中不同含水介质下正构烷烃对比研究[J].环境科学,36(8):2857-2862
梁作兵,孙玉川,王尊波,等.2015.重庆典型岩溶区地下河中溶解态正构烷烃、脂肪酸来源、迁移及转化[J].环境科学,36(9):3212-3219
刘刚,孙丽娜,李久海,等.2012.稻草烟尘中正构烷烃和正构脂肪酸的碳同位素[J].环境科学,33(12):4173-4180
刘再华,Wolfgang,Dreybrodt.2007.一种由全球水循环产生的可能重要的CO2汇[J].科学通报,52(20):2418-2422
吕现福,孙玉川,贺秋芳,等.2017.重庆雪玉洞地下河溶解态脂肪酸来源解析及变化特征[J].环境科学学报,37(3):918-924
Marzi R,Torkelson B E,Olson R K.1993.A revised carbon preference index[J].Organic Geochemistry,20(8):1303-1306
Mcintosh H A,Mcnichol A P,Xu L,et al.2015.Source-age dynamics of estuarine particulate organic matter using fatty acidδ13C andΔ14Ccomposition[J].Limnology&Oceanography,60(2):611-628
Meyers P A,Ishiwatari R.1993.Lacustrine organic geochemistry-an overview of indicators of organic matter sources and diagenesis in lake sediments[J].Organic Geochemistry,20(7):867-900
Meyers P A.1997.Organic geochemical proxies of paleoceanographic,paleolimnologic,and paleoclimatic processes[J].Organic Geochemistry,27(5/6):213-250
Najdek M,Debobbis D,Miokovi c'D,et al.2002.Fatty acid and phytoplankton compositions of different types of mucilaginous aggregates in the northern Adriatic[J].Journal of Plankton Research,24(5):429-441
欧杰,王延华,杨浩,等.2013.正构烷烃及单体碳同位素记录的石臼湖生态环境演变研究[J].环境科学,34(2):484-493
Pearman G I,Etheridge D,Silva F D,et al.1986.Evidence of changing concentrations of atmospheric CO2,N2O and CH4from air bubbles in Antarctic ice[J].Nature,320(6059):248-250
Sojinu S O,Sonibare O O,Ekundayo O,et al.2012.Assessing anthropogenic contamination in surface sediments of Niger Delta,Nigeria with fecal sterols and n-alkanes as indicators[J].Science of the Total Environment,441(20):89-96
Srinivasan R,Kumar V A,Kumar D,et al.2015.Effect of dissolved inorganic carbon onβ-carotene and fatty acid production in Dunaliella sp[J].Applied Biochemistry&Biotechnology,175(6):2895-2906
Tolosa I,Vescovali I,Leblond N,et al.2004.Distribution of pigments and fatty acid biomarkers in particulate matter from the frontal structure of the Alboran Sea(SW Mediterranean Sea)[J].Marine Chemistry,88(3):103-125
Viso A C,Marty J C.1993.Fatty acids from 28 marine microalgae[J].Phytochemistry,34(6):1521-1533
Wang X,Goual L,Colberg P J.2012.Characterization and treatment of dissolved organic matter from oilfield produced waters[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,217-218(6):164
Wang Y H,Yang H,Chen X,et al.2013.Molecular biomarkers for sources of organic matter in lacustrine sediments in a subtropical lake in China[J].Environment Pollution,176(5):284-291
Wu Y,Jiang Y,Yuan D,et al.2008.Modeling hydrological responses of karst spring to storm events:example of the Shuifang spring(Jinfo Mt.,Chongqing,China)[J],Environmental Geology,55(7):1545-1553
王志远,刘占红,易轶,等.2003.不同气候和植被区现代土壤类脂物分子特征及其意义[J].土壤学报,40(6):967-970
谢正兰,孙玉川,张媚,等.2016.岩溶地下河水中多环芳烃、脂肪酸分布特征及来源分析[J].环境科学,37(7):2547-2555
Yang M,Liu Z,Sun H,et al.2016.Organic carbon source tracing and DICfertilization effect in the Pearl River:Insights from lipid biomarker and geochemical analysis[J].Applied geochemistry,73:132-141
姚鹏,尹红珍,姚庆祯,等.2012.黄河口湿地土壤中正构烷烃分子指标及物源指示意义[J].环境科学,33(10):3457-3465
游江涛,董丽华,韩博平.2005.热带富营养化湖泊中浮游植物的脂肪酸组成与分布[J].湖泊科学,17(1):69-74
袁道先,蔡桂鸿.1988.岩溶环境学[M].重庆:重庆出版社.23-126
袁道先,朱德浩,翁金桃,等.1994.中国岩溶学[M].北京:地质出版社.53-109
张媚,孙玉川,谢正兰,等.2016.雨季不同土地利用下表层岩溶泉中脂肪酸来源分析[J].环境科学,37(8):3049-3057
张枝焕,陶澍,吴水平,等.2005.天津地区表层土壤和河流沉积物中正构烷烃化合物的成因分析[J].地球与环境,33(1):15-22
左太安,刁承泰,孙秀锋,等.2014.金佛山不同高程泉水理化性质及变化比较[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),36(5):174-181
Al-Reasi H A,Wood C M,Smith D S.2013.Characterization of freshwater natural dissolved organic matter(DOM):mechanistic explanations for protective effects against metal toxicity and direct effects on organisms[J].Environment International,59(3):201-207
Bourbonniere R A,Meyers P A.1996.Sedimentary geolipid records of historical changes in the watersheds and productivities of Lakes Ontario and Erie[J].Limnology&Oceanography,41(2):352-359
Camacho-Ibar V F,Aveytua-Alcázar L,Carriquiry J D.2003.Fatty acid reactivities in sediment cores from the northern Gulf of California[J].Organic Geochemistry,34(3):425-439
Chen W B,Smith D S,Gueguen C.2013.Influence of water chemistry and dissolved organic matter(DOM)molecular size on copper and mercury binding determined by multiresponse fluorescence quenching[J].Chemosphere,92(4):351-359
陈振翔,于鑫,夏明芳,等.2005.磷脂脂肪酸分析方法在微生物生态学中的应用[J].生态学杂志,24(7):828-832
段毅,文启彬,罗斌杰.1995.南沙海洋和甘南沼泽现代沉积物中单个脂肪酸碳同位素组成及其成因[J].地球化学,24(3):270-275
段毅,吴保祥,徐丽,等.2011.不同纬度地区植物中正构烷烃及其同位素组成[J].地质学报,85(2):262-271
段毅,吴保祥.2008.中国大陆主要植物中单体正构烷烃氢同位素组成及其与环境关系研究[J].科学通报,53(22):2776-2781
Dalsgaard J,Jone M S,Kattner G,et al.2003.Fatty acid trophic markers in the pelagic marine environment[J].Advances in Marine Biology,46(6):225
ESRLGMD.2017.Trends in atmospheric carbon dioxide[OL].2017-12-30.https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/
Ficken K J,Li B,Swain D L,et al.2000.An n-alkane proxy for the sedimentary input of submerged/floating freshwater aquatic macrophytes[J].Organic Geochemistry,31(7/8):745-749
Greenwood P F,Berwick L J,CrouéJ P.2012.Molecular characterisation of the dissolved organic matter of wastewater effluents by MSSVpyrolysis GC-MS and search for source markers[J].Chemosphere,87(5):504-512
He D,Mead R N,Belicka L,et al.2014.Assessing source contributions to particulate organic matter in a subtropical estuary:A biomarker approach[J].Organic Geochemistry,75(4):129-139
贺秋芳,杨平恒,袁文昊,等.2009.微生物与化学示踪岩溶地下水补给源和途径[J].水文地质工程地质,36(3):33-38
胡冬梅,彭林,白慧玲,等.2013.太原市空气颗粒物中正构烷烃分布特征及来源解析[J].环境科学,34(10):3733-3740
Ishiwatari R,Yamamoto S,Shinoyama S.2006.Lignin and fatty acid records in Lake Baikal sediments over the last 130 kyr:Acomparison with pollen records[J].Organic Geochemistry,37(12):1787-1802
Jung B J,Jeanneau L,Alewell C,et al.2015.Downstream alteration of the composition and biodegradability of particulate organic carbon in a mountainous,mixed land-use watershed[J].Biogeochemistry,122(1):79-99
蒋忠诚,覃小群,曹建华,等.2013.论岩溶作用对全球碳循环的意义与碳汇效应---兼对《对〈中国岩溶作用产生的大气CO2碳汇分区估算〉一文的商榷》的答复[J].中国岩溶,32(1):1-6
Kalbitz K,Kaiser K.2010.Contribution of dissolved organic matter to carbon storage in forest mineral soils[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,171(1):52-60
Landry C,Tremblay L.2012.Compositional differences between size classes of dissolved organic matter from freshwater and seawater revealed by an HPLC-FTIR system[J].Environmental Science&Technology,46(3):1700-1707
梁作兵,孙玉川,王尊波,等.2015.青木关地下河系统中不同含水介质下正构烷烃对比研究[J].环境科学,36(8):2857-2862
梁作兵,孙玉川,王尊波,等.2015.重庆典型岩溶区地下河中溶解态正构烷烃、脂肪酸来源、迁移及转化[J].环境科学,36(9):3212-3219
刘刚,孙丽娜,李久海,等.2012.稻草烟尘中正构烷烃和正构脂肪酸的碳同位素[J].环境科学,33(12):4173-4180
刘再华,Wolfgang,Dreybrodt.2007.一种由全球水循环产生的可能重要的CO2汇[J].科学通报,52(20):2418-2422
吕现福,孙玉川,贺秋芳,等.2017.重庆雪玉洞地下河溶解态脂肪酸来源解析及变化特征[J].环境科学学报,37(3):918-924
Marzi R,Torkelson B E,Olson R K.1993.A revised carbon preference index[J].Organic Geochemistry,20(8):1303-1306
Mcintosh H A,Mcnichol A P,Xu L,et al.2015.Source-age dynamics of estuarine particulate organic matter using fatty acidδ13C andΔ14Ccomposition[J].Limnology&Oceanography,60(2):611-628
Meyers P A,Ishiwatari R.1993.Lacustrine organic geochemistry-an overview of indicators of organic matter sources and diagenesis in lake sediments[J].Organic Geochemistry,20(7):867-900
Meyers P A.1997.Organic geochemical proxies of paleoceanographic,paleolimnologic,and paleoclimatic processes[J].Organic Geochemistry,27(5/6):213-250
Najdek M,Debobbis D,Miokovi c'D,et al.2002.Fatty acid and phytoplankton compositions of different types of mucilaginous aggregates in the northern Adriatic[J].Journal of Plankton Research,24(5):429-441
欧杰,王延华,杨浩,等.2013.正构烷烃及单体碳同位素记录的石臼湖生态环境演变研究[J].环境科学,34(2):484-493
Pearman G I,Etheridge D,Silva F D,et al.1986.Evidence of changing concentrations of atmospheric CO2,N2O and CH4from air bubbles in Antarctic ice[J].Nature,320(6059):248-250
Sojinu S O,Sonibare O O,Ekundayo O,et al.2012.Assessing anthropogenic contamination in surface sediments of Niger Delta,Nigeria with fecal sterols and n-alkanes as indicators[J].Science of the Total Environment,441(20):89-96
Srinivasan R,Kumar V A,Kumar D,et al.2015.Effect of dissolved inorganic carbon onβ-carotene and fatty acid production in Dunaliella sp[J].Applied Biochemistry&Biotechnology,175(6):2895-2906
Tolosa I,Vescovali I,Leblond N,et al.2004.Distribution of pigments and fatty acid biomarkers in particulate matter from the frontal structure of the Alboran Sea(SW Mediterranean Sea)[J].Marine Chemistry,88(3):103-125
Viso A C,Marty J C.1993.Fatty acids from 28 marine microalgae[J].Phytochemistry,34(6):1521-1533
Wang X,Goual L,Colberg P J.2012.Characterization and treatment of dissolved organic matter from oilfield produced waters[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,217-218(6):164
Wang Y H,Yang H,Chen X,et al.2013.Molecular biomarkers for sources of organic matter in lacustrine sediments in a subtropical lake in China[J].Environment Pollution,176(5):284-291
Wu Y,Jiang Y,Yuan D,et al.2008.Modeling hydrological responses of karst spring to storm events:example of the Shuifang spring(Jinfo Mt.,Chongqing,China)[J],Environmental Geology,55(7):1545-1553
王志远,刘占红,易轶,等.2003.不同气候和植被区现代土壤类脂物分子特征及其意义[J].土壤学报,40(6):967-970
谢正兰,孙玉川,张媚,等.2016.岩溶地下河水中多环芳烃、脂肪酸分布特征及来源分析[J].环境科学,37(7):2547-2555
Yang M,Liu Z,Sun H,et al.2016.Organic carbon source tracing and DICfertilization effect in the Pearl River:Insights from lipid biomarker and geochemical analysis[J].Applied geochemistry,73:132-141
姚鹏,尹红珍,姚庆祯,等.2012.黄河口湿地土壤中正构烷烃分子指标及物源指示意义[J].环境科学,33(10):3457-3465
游江涛,董丽华,韩博平.2005.热带富营养化湖泊中浮游植物的脂肪酸组成与分布[J].湖泊科学,17(1):69-74
袁道先,蔡桂鸿.1988.岩溶环境学[M].重庆:重庆出版社.23-126
袁道先,朱德浩,翁金桃,等.1994.中国岩溶学[M].北京:地质出版社.53-109
张媚,孙玉川,谢正兰,等.2016.雨季不同土地利用下表层岩溶泉中脂肪酸来源分析[J].环境科学,37(8):3049-3057
张枝焕,陶澍,吴水平,等.2005.天津地区表层土壤和河流沉积物中正构烷烃化合物的成因分析[J].地球与环境,33(1):15-22
左太安,刁承泰,孙秀锋,等.2014.金佛山不同高程泉水理化性质及变化比较[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),36(5):174-181
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