低温热泵系统中R290替代R22的性能研究及优化
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摘要
本文针对低温热泵系统,采用R290替代R22进行性能实验研究,对比不同工况下两者的性能差异发现:直接在原系统中将R22抽出并灌装非等量R290后,系统运行时,换热量与COP均有所衰减,且在相同的低温环境工况下,R290系统的压缩机排气温度和排气压力均高于原R22系统。通过分析系统部件可知,上述现象出现的主要原因是R22系统压缩机排量过大、与R290系统不匹配,因此为同时满足系统的安全性要求以及提高R290在低温热泵系统中的整体性能,考虑在系统中更换与R290更为匹配的排量更小的压缩机。实验结果表明:对R290低温热泵系统压缩机排量进行优化能有效降低系统的排气温度和压力、提高系统整体性能;压缩机优化后的R290低温热泵系统COP较原R22系统提高6.5%,低温环境下排气温度降低36%,至80℃以下。
This study addresses the experimental performance of the alternative refrigerant R290 in the R22 low-temperature heat pump system. Results show that when R22 was directly replaced by R290 in the original system,both the heat exchange and coefficient of performance( COP) of the system decreased,and the exhaust temperature and pressure of the R290 system were higher than those of the original R22 system at low temperatures. Through the analysis of the system components,reducing the displacement of the compressor of the R290 heat pump system can effectively improve overall performance and reduce the discharge temperature and pressure. After the optimization of the compressor,the R290 system achieved a 6. 5% higher COP compared to the original R22 system,and the exhaust temperature was decreased to 80 ℃,which is 36% lower than the R22 system.
This study addresses the experimental performance of the alternative refrigerant R290 in the R22 low-temperature heat pump system. Results show that when R22 was directly replaced by R290 in the original system,both the heat exchange and coefficient of performance( COP) of the system decreased,and the exhaust temperature and pressure of the R290 system were higher than those of the original R22 system at low temperatures. Through the analysis of the system components,reducing the displacement of the compressor of the R290 heat pump system can effectively improve overall performance and reduce the discharge temperature and pressure. After the optimization of the compressor,the R290 system achieved a 6. 5% higher COP compared to the original R22 system,and the exhaust temperature was decreased to 80 ℃,which is 36% lower than the R22 system.
引文
[1] KIM S G,KIM M S,RO S T. Experimental investigation of the performance of R22,R407C and R410A in several capillary tubes for air-conditioners[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration,2002,25(5):521-531.
[2]刘忠民. R22制冷剂的替代技术[J].制冷与空调(北京),2001,1(3):47-53.(LIU Zhongmin. Study on alternative refrigerant of R22[J]. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning,2001,1(3):47-53.)
[3] MOHANRAJ M,JAYARAJ S,MURALEEDHARAN C.Environment friendly alternatives to halogenated refrigerants—a review[J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control,2009,3(1):108-119.
[4] ROCCA V L,PANNO G. Experimental performance evaluation of a vapour compression refrigerating plant when replacing R22 with alternative refrigerants[J]. Applied Energy,2011,88(8):2809-2815.
[5] BOLAJI B O. Performance investigation of ozone-friendly R404A and R507 refrigerants as alternatives to R22 in a window air-conditioner[J]. Energy and Buildings,2011,43(11):3139-3143.
[6]张杰,李德英. R410A替代R22制冷剂的研究[C]//2011中国制冷学会学术年会论文集.南京:中国制冷学会,2011.(ZHANG Jie,LI Deying. A Study on replacing refrigerant R410A With R22[C]//Proceedings of 2011CAR Annual Meeting. Nanjing:Chinese Association of Refrigeratiion,2011.)
[7]李晓燕,闫泽生. R417A在热泵热水系统中替代R22的实验研究[J].制冷学报,2003,24(4):1-4.(LI Xiaoyan,YAN Zesheng. Experimental study on replacement of R22 with R417A in heat pump heating water system[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2003,24(4):1-4.)
[8]张明方,李鹏荣. R417A替代家用空调器用R22的实验研究[J].制冷与空调(北京),2006,6(5):80-82.(ZHANG Mingfang,LI Pengrong. Experimental study on room air conditioner using R417A instead of R22[J]. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning,2006,6(5):80-82.)
[9]史琳,朱明善.家用/商用空调用R32替代R22的再分析[J].制冷学报,2010,31(1):1-5.(SHI Lin,ZHU Mingshan. Re-analysis on using R32 to substitute for R22in household/commercial air-conditioning[J]. Journal of Refrigeration,2010,31(1):1-5.)
[10]姚寿广,王骏.小型空调装置中R22与替代工质R290的性能对比研究[J].华东船舶工业学院学报(自然科学版),2002,16(5):70-73.(YAO Shouguang,WANG Jun. Analysis of performance for R22 and the alternative refrigerant R290 in unit condition system[J]. Journal of East China Shipbuilding Institute(Natural Science Edition),2002,16(5):70-73.)
[11] RAHADIYAN L,GIM Y G,YOU S C,et al. Experimental study of Propane(R290)as an alternative refrigerant of R22[J]. Journal of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers,2006(6):173-179.
[12] CASTRO J B,URCHUEGUIA J F,CORBERAN J M,et al. Optimized design of a heat exchanger for an air-to-water reversible heat pump working with propane(R290)as refrigerant:modelling analysis and experimental observations[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2005,25(14/15):2450-2462.
[13]杨瑞杰,杨忠学,孙蓉,等.自然制冷剂R290与冷冻机油的相溶性研究[J].制冷学报,2013,34(5):23-27.(YANG Ruijie,YANG Zhongxue,SUN Rong,et al. Investigation on the miscibility of lubricants with natural refrigerant R290[J]. Journal of Refrigeration,2013,34(5):23-27.)
[14]李廷勋,杨九铭,曾昭顺,等. R290灌注式替代R22空调整机性能研究[J].制冷学报,2010,31(4):31-34.(LI Tingxun,YANG Jiuming,ZENG Zhaoshun,et al. Experiment on R290 substituting for R22 in a room air-conditioner[J]. Journal of Refrigeration,2010,31(4):31-34.)
[15]张于峰,唐汝宁.丙烷及其混合物作为空调制冷剂可行性研究[J].制冷学报,1999,20(2):18-24.(ZHANG Yufeng,TANG Runing. The theoretical and experimental research for natural refrigerant Propane(R290)and its mixtures as substitute for R22[J]. Journal of Refrigeration,1999,20(2):18-24.)
[16]王倩.房间空调器R290替代R22的可行性分析[J].广东石油化工学院学报,2005,15(3):38-42.(WANG Qian. The feasibility study of Propane(R290)as substitute for R22 in room air conditioner[J]. Journal of Guandong College Petrochemical Technology,2005,15(3):38-42.)
[17]家用和类似用途电器的安全热泵、空调器和除湿机的特殊要求:GB 4706. 32—2012[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2013.(Household and similar electrical appliances—safety—particular requirements for electrical heat pumps,air-conditioners and dehumidifiers:GB 4706. 32—2012[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2013.)
[18]何国庚,刘强,倪敏慧,等. R290替代R22的空调用旋转压缩机优化[C]//2009中国制冷学会学术年会论文集.天津:中国制冷学会,2009.(HE Guogeng,LIU Qiang,NI Minhui,et al. Optimization of rotary compressor for air-conditioner using R290 to replace R22[C]//Proceedings of 2009 CAR Annual Meeting. Tianjin:Chinese Association of Refrigeration,2009.)
[2]刘忠民. R22制冷剂的替代技术[J].制冷与空调(北京),2001,1(3):47-53.(LIU Zhongmin. Study on alternative refrigerant of R22[J]. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning,2001,1(3):47-53.)
[3] MOHANRAJ M,JAYARAJ S,MURALEEDHARAN C.Environment friendly alternatives to halogenated refrigerants—a review[J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control,2009,3(1):108-119.
[4] ROCCA V L,PANNO G. Experimental performance evaluation of a vapour compression refrigerating plant when replacing R22 with alternative refrigerants[J]. Applied Energy,2011,88(8):2809-2815.
[5] BOLAJI B O. Performance investigation of ozone-friendly R404A and R507 refrigerants as alternatives to R22 in a window air-conditioner[J]. Energy and Buildings,2011,43(11):3139-3143.
[6]张杰,李德英. R410A替代R22制冷剂的研究[C]//2011中国制冷学会学术年会论文集.南京:中国制冷学会,2011.(ZHANG Jie,LI Deying. A Study on replacing refrigerant R410A With R22[C]//Proceedings of 2011CAR Annual Meeting. Nanjing:Chinese Association of Refrigeratiion,2011.)
[7]李晓燕,闫泽生. R417A在热泵热水系统中替代R22的实验研究[J].制冷学报,2003,24(4):1-4.(LI Xiaoyan,YAN Zesheng. Experimental study on replacement of R22 with R417A in heat pump heating water system[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2003,24(4):1-4.)
[8]张明方,李鹏荣. R417A替代家用空调器用R22的实验研究[J].制冷与空调(北京),2006,6(5):80-82.(ZHANG Mingfang,LI Pengrong. Experimental study on room air conditioner using R417A instead of R22[J]. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning,2006,6(5):80-82.)
[9]史琳,朱明善.家用/商用空调用R32替代R22的再分析[J].制冷学报,2010,31(1):1-5.(SHI Lin,ZHU Mingshan. Re-analysis on using R32 to substitute for R22in household/commercial air-conditioning[J]. Journal of Refrigeration,2010,31(1):1-5.)
[10]姚寿广,王骏.小型空调装置中R22与替代工质R290的性能对比研究[J].华东船舶工业学院学报(自然科学版),2002,16(5):70-73.(YAO Shouguang,WANG Jun. Analysis of performance for R22 and the alternative refrigerant R290 in unit condition system[J]. Journal of East China Shipbuilding Institute(Natural Science Edition),2002,16(5):70-73.)
[11] RAHADIYAN L,GIM Y G,YOU S C,et al. Experimental study of Propane(R290)as an alternative refrigerant of R22[J]. Journal of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers,2006(6):173-179.
[12] CASTRO J B,URCHUEGUIA J F,CORBERAN J M,et al. Optimized design of a heat exchanger for an air-to-water reversible heat pump working with propane(R290)as refrigerant:modelling analysis and experimental observations[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2005,25(14/15):2450-2462.
[13]杨瑞杰,杨忠学,孙蓉,等.自然制冷剂R290与冷冻机油的相溶性研究[J].制冷学报,2013,34(5):23-27.(YANG Ruijie,YANG Zhongxue,SUN Rong,et al. Investigation on the miscibility of lubricants with natural refrigerant R290[J]. Journal of Refrigeration,2013,34(5):23-27.)
[14]李廷勋,杨九铭,曾昭顺,等. R290灌注式替代R22空调整机性能研究[J].制冷学报,2010,31(4):31-34.(LI Tingxun,YANG Jiuming,ZENG Zhaoshun,et al. Experiment on R290 substituting for R22 in a room air-conditioner[J]. Journal of Refrigeration,2010,31(4):31-34.)
[15]张于峰,唐汝宁.丙烷及其混合物作为空调制冷剂可行性研究[J].制冷学报,1999,20(2):18-24.(ZHANG Yufeng,TANG Runing. The theoretical and experimental research for natural refrigerant Propane(R290)and its mixtures as substitute for R22[J]. Journal of Refrigeration,1999,20(2):18-24.)
[16]王倩.房间空调器R290替代R22的可行性分析[J].广东石油化工学院学报,2005,15(3):38-42.(WANG Qian. The feasibility study of Propane(R290)as substitute for R22 in room air conditioner[J]. Journal of Guandong College Petrochemical Technology,2005,15(3):38-42.)
[17]家用和类似用途电器的安全热泵、空调器和除湿机的特殊要求:GB 4706. 32—2012[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2013.(Household and similar electrical appliances—safety—particular requirements for electrical heat pumps,air-conditioners and dehumidifiers:GB 4706. 32—2012[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2013.)
[18]何国庚,刘强,倪敏慧,等. R290替代R22的空调用旋转压缩机优化[C]//2009中国制冷学会学术年会论文集.天津:中国制冷学会,2009.(HE Guogeng,LIU Qiang,NI Minhui,et al. Optimization of rotary compressor for air-conditioner using R290 to replace R22[C]//Proceedings of 2009 CAR Annual Meeting. Tianjin:Chinese Association of Refrigeration,2009.)