民族山区居民点就医便捷性评价
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摘要
云南省位于中国西南山区,居住着25个少数民族,是世界上少数民族种类最多的区域。针对该区域地表崎岖、地质灾害频发,路网具有较强脆弱性,对山区居民出行就医产生严重影响,从路网的脆弱性、可达性和复杂性3个视角提出了民族山区居民点就医便捷性指数(MCI),建立就医便捷性评价模型。利用模型分别计算了云南省2011年和2015年每个居民点的就医便捷性指数,对计算结果分等定级,最后对比分析了云南省4年间就医便捷性提升情况。通过引入腾讯地图时间与MCI进行曲线拟合,验证了模型的正确性。研究表明,民族地区就医便捷性普遍低于非民族地区;2011—2015 4年间,云南省就医便捷性均有提升,提升幅度最大的是南部地区的红河哈尼族彝族自治州。
Yunnan,the home for 25 ethnic minority groups,is situated in the border of the southwestern ethnic mountainous region of china and has the highest global distribution density of ethnic minorities.Aiming at the steep terrain,the rugged ground,and geological disasters occurred frequently,the prominent characteristics of the road network are characterized by vulnerability and complexity,which have a serious impact on the travel and medical treatment of mountain residents.This study has shown that ethnic areas are generally lower than non-ethnic areas;in the four years from 2011 to 2015,the convenience of medical treatment in Yunnan province has been improved,Honghe Hani and Yi autonomous prefecture in southern of Yunnan has the biggest jump in the convenience of medical treatment.
Yunnan,the home for 25 ethnic minority groups,is situated in the border of the southwestern ethnic mountainous region of china and has the highest global distribution density of ethnic minorities.Aiming at the steep terrain,the rugged ground,and geological disasters occurred frequently,the prominent characteristics of the road network are characterized by vulnerability and complexity,which have a serious impact on the travel and medical treatment of mountain residents.This study has shown that ethnic areas are generally lower than non-ethnic areas;in the four years from 2011 to 2015,the convenience of medical treatment in Yunnan province has been improved,Honghe Hani and Yi autonomous prefecture in southern of Yunnan has the biggest jump in the convenience of medical treatment.
引文
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[3]于江霞,张雪琦.基于服务半径的医疗设施空间可达性研究:以西安主城区为例[J].陕西师范大学学报(自科版),2017,45(5):78-84.
[4]SHI X,JENNIFER A T,TRACY O,et al.Spatial access and local demand for major cancer care facilities in the United States[J].Annals of the Association of American Geographers,2012,102(5),1125-1134.
[5]APPARICIO P.Comparing alternative approaches to measuring the geographical accessibility of urban health services:distance types and aggregation-error issues[J].International Journal of Health Geographics,2008,7(1):7.
[6]DELAMATER P L.Measuring geographic access to health care:raster and network-based methods[J].International Journal of Health Geographics,2012,11(1):1-18.
[7]DEWULF B.Accessibility to primary health care in Belgium:an evaluation of policies awarding financial assistance in shortage areas[J].Bmc Family Practice,2012,14(1):1-13.
[8]LARSEN K,GILLILAND J.Mapping the evolution of‘food deserts’in a Canadian city:supermarket accessibility in London,Ontario,1961-2005[J].International Journal of Health Geographics,2008,7(1):1-16.
[9]SHAHRAKI A A.Distributional planning of educational places in developing cities with case studies[J].Habitat International,2016,51:168-177.
[10]SMITH D M.Neighbourhood food environment and area deprivation:spatial accessibility to grocery stores selling fresh fruit and vegetables in urban and rural settings[J].International Journal of Epidemiology,2010,39(1):277-284.
[11]TANSER F.Modelling and understanding primary health care accessibility and utilization in rural South Africa:an exploration using ageographical information system[J].Social Science&Medicine,2006,63(3):691-705.
[12]ZENK S N.Neighborhood racial composition,neighborhood poverty,and the spatial accessibility of supermarkets in metropolitan Detroit[J].American Journal of Public Health,2005,95(4):660-667.
[13]SPENCER J,ANGELES G.Kernel density estimation as a technique for assessing availability of health services in Nicaragua[J].Health Services&Outcomes Research Methodology,2007,7(3/4):145-157.
[14]JOHN R,LAN M.Spatial decompositions,modeling and mapping service regions to predict access to social programs[J].Geographic Information Sciences,2000,6(2):105-112.
[15]SCOTT B,KATHI W,LAURA B,et al.Access to primary health care:does neighborhood of residence matter?[J].Annals of the Association of American Geographers,2013,103(1),85-105.
[16]HU R.Assessing potential spatial accessibility of health services in rural China:a case study of Donghai county[J].Int JEquity Health,2013,12(1):35.
[17]LUO J.Integrating the huff model and floating catchment area methods to analyze spatial access to healthcare services[J].Transactions in GIS,2014,18(3):436-448.
[18]KURAUCHI F,UNO N,SUMALEE A,et al.Network evaluation based on connectivity vulnerability[M].Transportation and Traffic Theory 2009Golden Jubilee,2009:637-649.
[19]RUPI F.The evaluation of road network vulnerability in mountainous areas:a case study[J].Networks&Spatial Economics,2015,15(2):397-411.
[20]JENELIUS E.Importance and exposure in road network vulnerability analysis[J].Transportation Research Part A Policy&Practice,2006,40(7):537-560.
[21]CHEN A.Network-based accessibility measures for vulnerability analysis of degradable transportation networks[J].Networks&Spatial Economics,2007,7(3):241-256.
[22]QIANG Q,NAGURNEY A.A unified network performance measure with importance identification and the ranking of network components[J].Optimization Letters,2008,2(1):127-142.
[23]JENELIUS E,MATTSSON L G.Road network vulnerability analysis of area-covering disruptions:agrid-based approach with case study[J].Transportation Research Part A Policy&Practice,2012,46(5):746-760.
[24]BONO F,GUTIRREZ E.A network-based analysis of the impact of structural damage on urban accessibility following a disaster:the case of the seismically damaged port au prince and carrefour urban road networks[J].Journal of Transport Geography,2011,19(6):1443-1455.
[25]朱静,常鸣,丁军,等.汶川震区暴雨泥石流危险范围预测研究[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(1):7-1.