分解促进剂对九龙山林下凋落叶分解的影响
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摘要
针对北京九龙山林下凋落叶分解缓慢、极易导致火灾发生等问题,采用凋落物分解袋法研究不同分解促进剂对凋落叶分解过程的影响.采用尿素(N)、益生菌(EM)、饲用复合酶制剂(S)及本地真菌环炳菇(Lepiota)(以下用F.L表示)和杯伞(Clitocybe)(以下用F.C表示)对栓皮栎、油松凋落叶及栓皮栎与油松1∶1的混合凋落叶进行研究.结果表明:(1)喷施分解促进剂后,各种类型凋落叶分解速率差异较大,栓皮栎分解最快,栓皮栎与油松的混合凋落叶次之,油松分解最慢.(2)经过18个月的分解,栓皮栎与油松的混合凋落叶在F.L处理下,失重率最大,达到37.9%;栓皮栎凋落叶在F.C处理下,失重率最大,达到38.7%;油松凋落叶在S处理下失重率达32.9%,这3种处理下的凋落叶失重率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05).(3)通过指数模型回归分析可以看出,栓皮栎凋落叶在F.C处理下分解最快,95%分解时间为10.0 a;栓皮栎与油松混合凋落叶在F.L处理下分解最快,95%分解时间为12.5 a;油松凋落叶在S处理下分解最快,95%分解时间为13.3 a.说明分解促进剂对凋落叶分解有一定的促进作用,但不同类型凋落叶所适用的分解促进剂也不同.针对不同类型凋落叶,选出分解凋落叶最快的促进剂种类,对减少森林火灾有一定意义.
To reduce forest fire attributed to heavy forest litter in Jiulongshan Mountains in Beijing. Litter decomposition bag method was used to study the effects of different accelerants on litter decomposition. Five types of accelerants were tested, which included urea(N), complex emzyne(S), probiotices, Lepiota(F.L) and Clitocybe(F.C) from litter from Jiulong Mountain. The results showed that broadleaf decomposed fastest, which was followed by mixed forest of coniferous and broadleaf, and coniferous litter. After 18-month decomposition, decomposition rates of different types of litter were all significantly higher than the control(with the addition of water)(P<0.05). The weight loss rate of mixed forest of coniferous and broad-leaf was the highest under the treatment of F.L, reaching 38.7%, which was estimated to take 12.5 years to decompose 95% litter according to regression analysis of exponential model. While the weight loss rate of broad-leaf peaked under the treatment of F.C, reaching 37.9%, which was estimated to take 10 years to decompose 95% litter. The weight loss rate of coniferous litter maximized under treatment S, reaching 32.9%, which was estimated to take 13.3 years to decompose 95% litter. To summrize, choosing the appropriate accelerator based on the feature of litter is the priority when applying accelerator for reducing forest fire.
To reduce forest fire attributed to heavy forest litter in Jiulongshan Mountains in Beijing. Litter decomposition bag method was used to study the effects of different accelerants on litter decomposition. Five types of accelerants were tested, which included urea(N), complex emzyne(S), probiotices, Lepiota(F.L) and Clitocybe(F.C) from litter from Jiulong Mountain. The results showed that broadleaf decomposed fastest, which was followed by mixed forest of coniferous and broadleaf, and coniferous litter. After 18-month decomposition, decomposition rates of different types of litter were all significantly higher than the control(with the addition of water)(P<0.05). The weight loss rate of mixed forest of coniferous and broad-leaf was the highest under the treatment of F.L, reaching 38.7%, which was estimated to take 12.5 years to decompose 95% litter according to regression analysis of exponential model. While the weight loss rate of broad-leaf peaked under the treatment of F.C, reaching 37.9%, which was estimated to take 10 years to decompose 95% litter. The weight loss rate of coniferous litter maximized under treatment S, reaching 32.9%, which was estimated to take 13.3 years to decompose 95% litter. To summrize, choosing the appropriate accelerator based on the feature of litter is the priority when applying accelerator for reducing forest fire.
引文
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[27] 方华,莫江明.氮沉降对森林凋落物分解的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(9):3 127-3 136.
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[29] 黄婷,包和林,吴承祯,等.模拟氮硫沉降对邓恩桉人工龄林凋落物C、N含量的影响[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,45(2):187-189.
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[31] 陈晓.间伐对油松人工林下真菌植被及凋落物分解的影响[D].北京:北京林业大学,2015.
[32] 李雪峰,韩士杰,胡艳玲,等.长白山次生针阔混交林叶凋落物有机物分解与碳、氮和磷释放关系[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(2):245-251.
[33] VESTGARDEN L S.Carbon and N turnover in the early stage of Scots pine (Pins sylvestris L.) needle liter decomposition:effects of internal and external N[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2001,33:465-474.
[2] 李姗姗,王正文,杨俊杰.凋落物分解过程中土壤微生物群落的变化[J].生物多样性,2016,24(2):195-204.
[3] 林成芳,彭建勤,洪慧滨,等.氮、磷养分有效性对森林凋落物分解的影响研究进展[J].生态学报,2017,37(1):54-62.
[4] 彭少麟,刘强.森林凋落物动态及其对全球变暖的响应[J].生态学报,2002,22(9):1 534-1 544.
[5] 郭伟,张健等.森林凋落物影响因子研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(4):1 544-1 546.
[6] HOBBIE S E,GOUGH L.Litter decomposition in moist acidic and non-acidic tilndra with different glacial histories[J].Ecology,2004,140:113-124.
[7] PRESCOTL C E,BLEVINS L.Litter decomposition in British Columbia forests:influences of forestry activities[J].Journal of Eco-systems and Management,2004,5(2):30-43.
[8] 梁晓兰.花椒的化感作用对凋落物分解的影响及机理研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2008.
[9] 于淑玲.腐生真菌在有机质分解过程中的作用研究进展[J].河北师范大学学报,2003,27(5):519-522.
[10] 王相娥,薛立,谢腾.凋落物分解研究综述[J].土壤通报,2009,40(6):1 473-1 478.
[11] 严海元,辜夕容,申鸿.森林凋落物的微生物分解[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(9):1 827-1 835.
[12] ANDERSSON M,KJOLLER A,STRUWE S.Microbial enzyme activities in leaf litter,humus and mineral soil layers of European forests[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2004,36:1 527-1 537.
[13] JI X Y,JIANG H,HONG J H,et al.The influence of acid rain on leaf-litter decomposition and enzyme activity of three trees in the subtropical forests[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(7):2 027-2 035.
[14] 汪凤林,张月全,陈爱玲,等.不同配比的杉木、火力楠凋落物中土壤酶活性的变化及其对凋落物分解的影响[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2017,46(5):576-583.
[15] FIORETTO A,PAPA S,CURCIO E,et al.Enzyme dynamics on decomposing leaf litter of Cistus incanus and Myrtus communis in a Mediterranean ecosystem[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2000,2:1 847-1 855.
[16] 林波,刘庆,吴彦,何海.森林凋落物研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(1):60-64.
[17] 杨曾奖,曾杰等.森林枯枝落叶分解及其影响因素[J].生态环境,2007,16(2):649-654.
[18] 陈法霖,江波,张凯,等.退化红壤丘陵区森林凋落物初始化学组成与分解速率的关系[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(3):565-570.
[19] 李强,程旭等.森林落物分解研究进展[J].河北林果研究,2012,27(4):396-401.
[20] 杨玉盛,陈光水,郭剑芬,等.杉木观光木混交群落N、P养分循环的研究[J].植物生态学报,2002,26(4):275-282.
[21] GARTNER T B,CARDEN Z G.Decomposition dynamics in mixed-species leaf liter[J].Oikos,2004,104(2):230-246.
[22] HATTENSCHWILER S,TIUNOV A V,SCHEU S.Biodiversity and litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems[J].Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics,2005,36:191-218.
[23] XIONG Y,XU G Q,WU L.Progress on non-additive effects of mixed litter decomposition[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2012,35(9):56-60.
[24] 李宜浓,周晓梅,张乃莉,等.陆地生态系统混合凋落物分解研究进展[J].生态学报,2016,36(16):4 977-4 987.
[25] MAISTO G,De MARCO A,MEOLA A,et al.Nutrient dynamicsin litter mixtures of four Mediterranean maquis species de-composing insitu[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43(3):520-530.
[26] 卢广超,邵怡若,薛立.氮沉降对凋落物分解的影响研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2014,27(1):35-42.
[27] 方华,莫江明.氮沉降对森林凋落物分解的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(9):3 127-3 136.
[28] 陈翔,周梅,魏江生,等.模拟氮沉降对兴安落叶松林凋落物分解的影响[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(9):1 496-1 503.
[29] 黄婷,包和林,吴承祯,等.模拟氮硫沉降对邓恩桉人工龄林凋落物C、N含量的影响[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,45(2):187-189.
[30] 莫江明,薛璟花,方运霆.鼎湖山主要森林植物凋落物分解及其对N沉降的响应[J].生态学报,2004,24(7):1 413-1 420.
[31] 陈晓.间伐对油松人工林下真菌植被及凋落物分解的影响[D].北京:北京林业大学,2015.
[32] 李雪峰,韩士杰,胡艳玲,等.长白山次生针阔混交林叶凋落物有机物分解与碳、氮和磷释放关系[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(2):245-251.
[33] VESTGARDEN L S.Carbon and N turnover in the early stage of Scots pine (Pins sylvestris L.) needle liter decomposition:effects of internal and external N[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2001,33:465-474.