京津冀及周边地区大气污染防治重点关注区域遥感综合分析
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摘要
京津冀及周边地区的城乡结合部及县城周边地区散乱污企业污染严重,面源管控困难,准确快速地确定环境督查重点关注区域,可有效提高现场环境执法效能。而仅仅获取单一的大气污染源要素浓度分布情况不能全面反映实际的空气质量污染水平,也无法准确定位大气污染源,因此基于MODIS、OMI等卫星遥感数据,利用灰霾像元识别及统计、地理加权回归(GWR)、光谱差分吸收(DOAS)和主成分分析(PCA)等方法,开展灰霾面积、细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))、NO_2和SO_2等大气污染物浓度反演,并计算2016年9月以来的多次重污染天气中各项污染物浓度均值,通过区域空气重污染高发指数公式计算提取重污染高发地区,最后结合高空间分辨率影像划定污染企业疑似聚集区,作为环境督查的重点关注区域。通过所划定的重点关注区域,可以准确定位大气污染源聚集区,有效提高环境执法的精准性和执法效率,为环境执法提供技术支撑,解决环境监察人力不足的问题。
There are serious pollution of enterprises in the BTH and its surrounding area,especially in the rural-urban continuum areas.Non-point source pollution is difficult to control.Rapid and accurate determination of targets for air pollution monitoring and informationization of on-site environmental law enforcement are the keys to the monitoring of atmospheric environment.This paper retrieves haze,PM_(2.5),NO_2 and SO_2 from the MODIS and OMI data.based on the comprehensive analysis of the satellite data of twelve typical heavy pollution episodes since September 2016,we have calculated the Heavy Pollution High Incidence Index(HPHII),and then combined with the high resolution images to find out the suspected gathering area of the polluting enterprise as the key areas of environmental supervision.This work will provide technical support for environmental law enforcement and improve the accuracy of law enforcement and law enforcement efficiency effectively,so as to solve the problem of human shortage in environmental monitoring.
There are serious pollution of enterprises in the BTH and its surrounding area,especially in the rural-urban continuum areas.Non-point source pollution is difficult to control.Rapid and accurate determination of targets for air pollution monitoring and informationization of on-site environmental law enforcement are the keys to the monitoring of atmospheric environment.This paper retrieves haze,PM_(2.5),NO_2 and SO_2 from the MODIS and OMI data.based on the comprehensive analysis of the satellite data of twelve typical heavy pollution episodes since September 2016,we have calculated the Heavy Pollution High Incidence Index(HPHII),and then combined with the high resolution images to find out the suspected gathering area of the polluting enterprise as the key areas of environmental supervision.This work will provide technical support for environmental law enforcement and improve the accuracy of law enforcement and law enforcement efficiency effectively,so as to solve the problem of human shortage in environmental monitoring.
引文
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[20] Li C,Mclinden C,et al.India is Overtaking China as the World’s Largest Emitter of Anthropogenic Sulfur Dioxide[R].2017,Scientific Reports 7,Article Number:14304.doi:10.1038/S41598-017-14639-8.
[2] He Hong,Wang Xinming,Wang Yuesi,et al.Formation Mechanism and Control Strategies of Haze in China[J],Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2013,3(3):344-352.[贺泓,王新明,王跃思,等.大气灰霾追因与控制[J].中国科学院院刊,2013,3(3):344-352.]
[3] Yang F,Tan J,Zhao Q,et al.Characteristics of PM2.5 Speciation in Representative Megacities and Across China[J].Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics,2011,11(11):1025-1051.
[4] Li Yunyan,Ge Chang.Research Progress of PM2.5 Source Analysis in Three Main Regions of China[J],Modern Chemical Industry,2017(4):1-5.[李云燕,葛畅.我国三大区域PM2.5源解析研究进展[J].现代化工,2017(4):1-5.]
[5] King M D,Kaufman Y J,Menzel W P,et al.Remote Sensing of Cloud,Aerosol,and Water Vapor Properties from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer(MODIS)[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing,1992,30(1):2-27.
[6] Levelt P F,Oord G H J V D,Dobber M R,et al.The Ozone Monitoring Instrument[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing,2006,44(5):1093-1101.
[7] Wu Dui.A Discussion on Difference between Haze and Fog and Warning of Ash Haze Weather[J],Meteorological Monthly,2005,31(4):3-7.[吴兑.关于霾与雾的区别和灰霾天气预警的讨论[J].气象,2005,31(4):3-7.]
[8] Wu Dui.Distinction Between Haze and Fog in Urban Metropolitans and Hazy Weather Warnings[J],Environmental Science & Technology,2008,31(9):1-7.[吴兑.大城市区域霾与雾的区别和灰霾天气预警信号发布[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(9):1-7.]
[9] Li Qing,Wang Zhongting,Zhang Lijuan,et al.Research and Application of Operational Haze Monitoring based on Satellite Remote Sensing[C]//China Environmental Remote Sensing Application Technology Forum,2014:5.[厉青,王中挺,张丽娟,等.灰霾卫星遥感业务化监测方法研究及应用[C]//中国环境遥感应用技术论坛,2014:5.]
[10] Chen Hui,Li Qing,Zhang Yuhuan,et al.Estimations of PM2.5 Concentrations based on the Method of Geographically Weighted Regression[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(6):2142-2151.[陈辉,厉青,张玉环,等.基于地理加权模型的我国冬季PM2.5遥感估算方法研究[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(6):2142-2151.]
[11] Tang Xiaoyan,Zhang Yuanhang,Shao Min.Atmospheric Environmental Chemistry(2nd Edition)[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006.[唐孝炎,张远航,邵敏.大气环境化学(第2版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.]
[12] Russell A R,Perring A E,Valin L C,et al.A High Spatial Resolution Retrieval of NO2 Column Densities from OMI:Method and Evaluation[J].Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions,2011,11(4):12411-12440.
[13] Solomon S,Portmann R W,Sanders R W,et al.On the Role of Nitrogen Dioxide in the Absorption of Solar Radiation[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1999,104(D10):12047-12058.
[14] Chang J S.The Role of H2O and NH3 on the Formation of NH4NO3 Aerosol Particles and De-Nox Under the Corona Discharge Treatment of Combustion Flue Gases[J].Journal of Aerosol Science,1989,20(8):1087-1090.
[15] Zhou Chunyan,Wang Qiao,Li Qing,et al.Spatio-temporal Change and Influencing Factors of Tropospheric NO2 Column Density of Yangtze River Delta in the Decade[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(7):1921-1930.[周春艳,王桥,厉青,等.近10年长江三角洲对流层NO2柱浓度时空变化及影响因素[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(7):1921-1930.]
[16] Tao Jinhua,Wang Zifeng,Han Dong,et al.Analysis of Crop Residue Burning and Tropospheric NO2 Vertical Column Density Retrieved from Satellite Remote Sensing in North China[J].China Environmental Science,2009,29(10):1016-1020.[陶金花,王子峰,韩冬,等.华北地区秸秆禁烧前后的NO2卫星遥感监测分析[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(10):1016-1020.]
[17] Seinfeld J H,Pandis S N.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics:From Air Pollution to Climate Change[M].New York:Wiley,1998.
[18] Krotkov N A,Carn S A,Krueger A J,et al.Band Residual Difference Algorithm for Retrieval of SO2 from the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument(OMI)[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2006,44(5):1259-1266.
[19] Li Can,Joiner J,Krotkov N A,et al.A Fast and Sensitive New Satellite SO2 Retrieval Algorithm based on Principal Component Analysis:Application to the Ozone Monitoring Instrument[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2013,40(23):6314-6318.
[20] Li C,Mclinden C,et al.India is Overtaking China as the World’s Largest Emitter of Anthropogenic Sulfur Dioxide[R].2017,Scientific Reports 7,Article Number:14304.doi:10.1038/S41598-017-14639-8.