UCUBG:基于等级划分的水下传感器网络非均匀分簇算法
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摘要
随着海洋经济发展,水下无线传感器网络已成为研究热点.针对水下传感器网络中集中式分簇困难,能耗不均和水声时延长问题,提出一种基于等级划分的分布式非均匀分簇算法.该算法首先利用平均能量与节点密度相结合的阈值函数以及综合考虑节点深度和节点密度的簇首竞争半径函数,选择簇首节点,使簇首分布更加合理和均匀;然后划分簇首等级,优化入簇过程,均衡具有不同簇间传输任务的簇内负载;最后结合簇首等级和贪心算法,构建簇间多跳传输路由,降低整体通信能耗和时延.仿真结果表明,所提出的算法不仅能均衡能耗,延长网络寿命,而且能够有效降低网络通信时延.
With the development of marine economy, underwater wireless sensor networks(UWSNs) has been increasingly becoming mainstream. An uneven clustering algorithm based on gradation is proposed to solve the problem of difficult centralized clustering, uneven energy consumption and high-delay with underwater acoustic. Firstly, the cluster head node is sclected by using the threshold function combined with the node average energy and the node density, and the cluster head competition radius function considering the node depth and density, so that the distribution of the cluster head node is more reasonable and even. Then the cluster head grade is divided to balance the load of clusters with different inter-cluster transmission tasks. Finally, aiming to reduce the overall communication energy consumption and delay, inter-cluster multi-hop transmission routing is built combined with the cluster head level and greedy algorithm.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can not only balance energy consumption and prolong the network lifetime, but also effectively reduce the network communication delay.
With the development of marine economy, underwater wireless sensor networks(UWSNs) has been increasingly becoming mainstream. An uneven clustering algorithm based on gradation is proposed to solve the problem of difficult centralized clustering, uneven energy consumption and high-delay with underwater acoustic. Firstly, the cluster head node is sclected by using the threshold function combined with the node average energy and the node density, and the cluster head competition radius function considering the node depth and density, so that the distribution of the cluster head node is more reasonable and even. Then the cluster head grade is divided to balance the load of clusters with different inter-cluster transmission tasks. Finally, aiming to reduce the overall communication energy consumption and delay, inter-cluster multi-hop transmission routing is built combined with the cluster head level and greedy algorithm.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can not only balance energy consumption and prolong the network lifetime, but also effectively reduce the network communication delay.
引文
[1] Heidemann J, Ye W, Wills J, et al. Research challenges and applications for underwater sensor networking[C].IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conf.Las Vegas:IEEE, 2006, 1:228-235.
[2] Partan J, Kurose J, Levine B N. A survey of practical issues in underwater networks[J]. Acm Sigmobile Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 2007, 11(4):23-33.
[3]吕超,王硕,谭民.水下移动无线传感器网络研究综述[J].控制与决策, 2009, 24(6):801-807.(Lv C, Wang S, Tan M. Survey on mobile underwater wireless sensor networks[J]. Control and Decision, 2009,24(6):801-807.)
[4]何明,梁文辉,陈国华,等.水下移动无线传感器网络拓扑[J].控制与决策, 2013, 28(12):1761-1770.(He M, Liang W H, Chen G H, et al. Topology of mobile underwater wireless sensor networks[J]. Control and Decision, 2013, 28(12):1761-1770.)
[5] Heinzelman W R, Chandrakasan A, Balakrishnan H.Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks[C]. Proc of the 33rd Annual Hawaii Int Conf on System Sciences. Maui:IEEE, 2000:1-10.
[6] Heinzelman W B, Chandrakasan A P, Balakrishnan H.An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks[J]. IEEE Trans on Wireless Communications, 2002,1(4):660-670.
[7] Qing Li. Zhu Q, Wang M. Design of a distributed energy-efficient clustering algorithm for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks[J]. Computer Communications,2006, 29(12):2230-2237.
[8]李成法,陈贵海,叶懋,等.一种基于非均匀分簇的无线传感器网络路由协议[J].计算机学报, 2007, 30(1):27-36.(Li C F, Chen G H, Ye M, et al. An uneven cluster-based routing protocol for wireless sensor networks[J]. Chinese J of Computers, 2007, 30(1):27-36.)
[9]于振华,刘宇,纪明,等.无线传感器网络中一种能量高效的分布式分簇算法[J].控制与决策, 2009, 24(9):1436-1440.(Yu Z H, Liu Y, Ji M, et al. An energy-efficient distributed clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks[J].Control and Decision, 2009, 24(9):1436-1440.)
[10] Majid A, Azam I, Waheed A, et al. An energy efficient and balanced energy consumption cluster based routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks[C].2016 IEEE 30th Int Conf on Advanced Information Networking and Applications(AINA). Crans-Montana:IEEE, 2016:324-333.
[11]李龙,刘建明,古天龙. UWSNs中基于位置及能量信息的垂直分簇路由[J].控制与决策, 2015, 30(7):1284-1290.(Li L, Liu J M, Gu T L. Position and energy based vertical clustering routing for UWSNs[J]. Control and Decision,2015, 30(7):1284-1290.)
[12] Wang K, Gao H, Xu X, et al. An energy-efficient reliable data transmission scheme for complex environmental monitoring in underwater acoustic sensor networks[J].IEEE Sensors J, 2016, 16(11):4051-4062.
[13]沈波,张世永,钟亦平.无线传感器网络分簇路由协议[J].软件学报, 2006, 17(7):1588-1600.(Shen B, Zhang S Y, Zhong Y P. Cluster-based routing protocols for wireless sensor networks[J]. J of Software,2006, 17(7):1588-1600.)
[14] Sozer E M, Stojanovic M, Proakis J G. Underwater acoustic networks[J]. IEEE J of Oceanic Engineering,2000, 25(1):72-83.
[15] Syed A A, Heidemann J S. Time synchronization for high latency acoustic networks[C]. The 25th IEEE Int Conf on Computer Communications. Barcelona:IEEE, 2006:1-12.
[16] Chi Y P, Chang H P. An energy-aware grid-based routing scheme for wireless sensor networks[J].Telecommunication Systems, 2013, 54(4):405-415.
[17] Bi Y, Li N, Sun L. DAR:An energy-balanced data-gathering scheme for wireless sensor networks[J].Computer Communications, 2007, 30(14):2812-2825.
[18]雷辉,姜卫东,郭勇.能量高效的水声传感器网络多跳非均匀分簇算法[J].计算机应用, 2013, 33(1):124-126.(Lei H, Jiang W D, Guo Y. Energy-efficient multi-hop uneven clustering algorithm for underwater acoustic sensor network[J]. J of Computer Applications, 2013,33(1):124-126.)
[2] Partan J, Kurose J, Levine B N. A survey of practical issues in underwater networks[J]. Acm Sigmobile Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 2007, 11(4):23-33.
[3]吕超,王硕,谭民.水下移动无线传感器网络研究综述[J].控制与决策, 2009, 24(6):801-807.(Lv C, Wang S, Tan M. Survey on mobile underwater wireless sensor networks[J]. Control and Decision, 2009,24(6):801-807.)
[4]何明,梁文辉,陈国华,等.水下移动无线传感器网络拓扑[J].控制与决策, 2013, 28(12):1761-1770.(He M, Liang W H, Chen G H, et al. Topology of mobile underwater wireless sensor networks[J]. Control and Decision, 2013, 28(12):1761-1770.)
[5] Heinzelman W R, Chandrakasan A, Balakrishnan H.Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks[C]. Proc of the 33rd Annual Hawaii Int Conf on System Sciences. Maui:IEEE, 2000:1-10.
[6] Heinzelman W B, Chandrakasan A P, Balakrishnan H.An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks[J]. IEEE Trans on Wireless Communications, 2002,1(4):660-670.
[7] Qing Li. Zhu Q, Wang M. Design of a distributed energy-efficient clustering algorithm for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks[J]. Computer Communications,2006, 29(12):2230-2237.
[8]李成法,陈贵海,叶懋,等.一种基于非均匀分簇的无线传感器网络路由协议[J].计算机学报, 2007, 30(1):27-36.(Li C F, Chen G H, Ye M, et al. An uneven cluster-based routing protocol for wireless sensor networks[J]. Chinese J of Computers, 2007, 30(1):27-36.)
[9]于振华,刘宇,纪明,等.无线传感器网络中一种能量高效的分布式分簇算法[J].控制与决策, 2009, 24(9):1436-1440.(Yu Z H, Liu Y, Ji M, et al. An energy-efficient distributed clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks[J].Control and Decision, 2009, 24(9):1436-1440.)
[10] Majid A, Azam I, Waheed A, et al. An energy efficient and balanced energy consumption cluster based routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks[C].2016 IEEE 30th Int Conf on Advanced Information Networking and Applications(AINA). Crans-Montana:IEEE, 2016:324-333.
[11]李龙,刘建明,古天龙. UWSNs中基于位置及能量信息的垂直分簇路由[J].控制与决策, 2015, 30(7):1284-1290.(Li L, Liu J M, Gu T L. Position and energy based vertical clustering routing for UWSNs[J]. Control and Decision,2015, 30(7):1284-1290.)
[12] Wang K, Gao H, Xu X, et al. An energy-efficient reliable data transmission scheme for complex environmental monitoring in underwater acoustic sensor networks[J].IEEE Sensors J, 2016, 16(11):4051-4062.
[13]沈波,张世永,钟亦平.无线传感器网络分簇路由协议[J].软件学报, 2006, 17(7):1588-1600.(Shen B, Zhang S Y, Zhong Y P. Cluster-based routing protocols for wireless sensor networks[J]. J of Software,2006, 17(7):1588-1600.)
[14] Sozer E M, Stojanovic M, Proakis J G. Underwater acoustic networks[J]. IEEE J of Oceanic Engineering,2000, 25(1):72-83.
[15] Syed A A, Heidemann J S. Time synchronization for high latency acoustic networks[C]. The 25th IEEE Int Conf on Computer Communications. Barcelona:IEEE, 2006:1-12.
[16] Chi Y P, Chang H P. An energy-aware grid-based routing scheme for wireless sensor networks[J].Telecommunication Systems, 2013, 54(4):405-415.
[17] Bi Y, Li N, Sun L. DAR:An energy-balanced data-gathering scheme for wireless sensor networks[J].Computer Communications, 2007, 30(14):2812-2825.
[18]雷辉,姜卫东,郭勇.能量高效的水声传感器网络多跳非均匀分簇算法[J].计算机应用, 2013, 33(1):124-126.(Lei H, Jiang W D, Guo Y. Energy-efficient multi-hop uneven clustering algorithm for underwater acoustic sensor network[J]. J of Computer Applications, 2013,33(1):124-126.)
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