分散性土与非分散性土电阻率特性的对比试验
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摘要
利用二相电极电阻率测试装置,对非分散性土、分散性土的电阻率进行测试对比研究,分析了温度、含水率、孔隙率、饱和度等因素对土样电阻率的影响,并建立电阻率经验模型。试验结果表明:非分散性土、分散性土的电阻率均随温度的升高成反比例函数关系下降;同一温度下,非分散性土的电阻率明显高于分散性土,低温条件下(T<10℃)表现尤为明显,因此可根据低温下黏土的电阻率初步判别土样是否具有分散性;两种土的电阻率均随含水率、饱和度的增大成幂函数关系减小,随孔隙率的增大成幂函数或线性关系增大,变化幅度均不同。基于分散性土的分散机制、结构特征和Mitchell三元导电模型,探讨分析了造成两种土不同电阻率特性的原因,为探索土的电阻率特性在定量化判别黏土分散性、分散性土改良的效果评价等方面的应用提供理论依据。
A two-phase electrode resistivity testing device was used to comparatively analyze the electrical resistivity of non dispersive clay and dispersive clay under different factors such as temperature,water content,porosity and the degree of saturation and experiential models of electrical resistivity were established. The results indicate that the electrical resistivity of non dispersive clay and dispersive clay are decreased in inverse proportional function relationship with the increase of temperature. The electrical resistivity of non-dispersive clay is significantly higher than that of dispersive clay with the same temperature,especially under the condition of low temperature( T<10℃). The electrical resistivity of clay can be taken as a basis for discriminating the dispersivity of clay. The resistivity is decreased in power function relationship along with the increase of water content and the degree of saturation,and increased in power function or linear function along with the increase of porosity,but the change degrees are different. Based on the dispersive mechanism and structure characteristics of the dispersive clay as well as Mitchell ternary conductive model,the different causes of the electrical resistivity characteristics of two kinds of clays are analyzed,which provide theoretical bases for further exploration for the application of the electrical resistivity characteristics in dispersive clay quantitative discriminant and effect evaluation of dispersive clay improvement.
A two-phase electrode resistivity testing device was used to comparatively analyze the electrical resistivity of non dispersive clay and dispersive clay under different factors such as temperature,water content,porosity and the degree of saturation and experiential models of electrical resistivity were established. The results indicate that the electrical resistivity of non dispersive clay and dispersive clay are decreased in inverse proportional function relationship with the increase of temperature. The electrical resistivity of non-dispersive clay is significantly higher than that of dispersive clay with the same temperature,especially under the condition of low temperature( T<10℃). The electrical resistivity of clay can be taken as a basis for discriminating the dispersivity of clay. The resistivity is decreased in power function relationship along with the increase of water content and the degree of saturation,and increased in power function or linear function along with the increase of porosity,but the change degrees are different. Based on the dispersive mechanism and structure characteristics of the dispersive clay as well as Mitchell ternary conductive model,the different causes of the electrical resistivity characteristics of two kinds of clays are analyzed,which provide theoretical bases for further exploration for the application of the electrical resistivity characteristics in dispersive clay quantitative discriminant and effect evaluation of dispersive clay improvement.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国水利部.水利水电工程天然建筑材料勘察规程:SL251—2000[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2000:9.
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[3]樊恒辉,赵高文,李洪良.分散性黏土研究现状与展望[J].岩土力学,2010,31(增刊1):108-114.
[4]ARCHIE G E.The Electric Resistivity Log As Aid in Determining Some Reservoir Characteristics[J].Well Logging Technology,1942,146(3):54-62.
[5]查甫生,刘松玉,杜延军,等.非饱和黏性土的电阻率特性及其试验研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(8):1671-1676.
[6]韩立华,刘松玉,杜延军.一种检测污染土的新方法——电阻率法[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(8):1028-1032.
[7]查甫生,刘松玉,杜延军,等.土的微结构特征对其电阻率的影响试验研究[J].工程勘察,2008,35(10):6-10.
[8]付伟,汪稔,胡明鉴,等.不同温度下冻土单轴抗压强度与电阻率关系研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(1):73-78.
[9]董晓强,黄凤凤,苏楠楠,等.非饱和黄土受压过程中交流电阻率特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(1):189-197.
[10]赵燕茹,陈湘生,黄力平,等.垃圾土电阻率特性试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(12):2205-2216.
[11]冯怀平,马德良,王志鹏,等.基于范德堡法的非饱和土电阻率测试方法[J].岩土工程学报,2017,39(4):690-696.
[12]樊恒辉,高明霞,李鹏,等.某大坝心墙土料分散性试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(5):615-618.
[13]高明霞,李鹏,王国栋,等.南坪水库筑坝土料分散机理及原因分析[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(8):1303-1308.
[14]王观平.分散性黏土的分散机理分析[J].人民黄河,1989,11(4):24-27.
[15]钱家欢.分散性土作为坝料的一些问题[J].岩土工程学报,1981,3(1):94-100.
[16]樊恒辉,赵高文,路立娜,等.分散性土的综合判别准则与针孔试验方法的改进[J].水力发电学报,2013,32(1):248-262.
[17]樊恒辉,吴普特,李鹏,等.分散性黏土判别试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(11):1310-1316.
[18]党进谦,马晓婷,孙仲林,等.分散性对心墙土料裂缝冲刷影响的试验研究[J].水利学报,2012,43(9):1103-1107.
[19]王志兵,汪稔,胡明鉴,等.颗粒运移对蒋家沟土体渗透性影响的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(7):2017-2024.
[20]樊恒辉,孔令伟,郭敏霞,等.文家沟水库筑坝土料分散性和抗渗性能试验[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(3):458-463.
[21]邓铭江,周小兵,万金平,等.“635”水利枢纽大坝心墙防渗土料分散性鉴定及改性试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(6):673-677.
[22]王中妮,樊恒辉,贺智强,等.分散性土改性剂对土的分散性和抗拉强度的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(2):1-8.
[23]赵高文,樊恒辉,陈华,等.基于黏性土分散机制的分散性土化学改性研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(增刊2):210-228.
[24]樊恒辉.我国北方地区黏土的分散机理及其应用技术研究:博士后出站报告[R].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2009:40-42.
[25]刘松玉,查甫生,于小军.土的电阻率室内测试技术研究[J].工程地质学报,2006,14(2):216-222.
[26]The American Society for Testing and Material.Standard Test Method for Identification and Classification of Dispersive Clay Soils by the Pinhole Test:D4647—93[S].West Conshohocken:ASTM,1993:1-11.
[27]The American Society for Testing and Material.Standard Test Methods for Determining Dispersive Characteristics of Clayey Soils by the Crumb Test:D6572—00[S].West Conshohocken:ASTM,2000:1-8.
[28]苏楠楠.黄土固结试验过程中电阻率结构参数的变化研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2015:8.
[29]章定文,曹智国,刘松玉.固化土电阻率变化规律与经验模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(增刊2):4139-4144.
[30]FUKUE M,MINATO T,HORIBE H,et al.The MicroStructures of Clay Given by Resistivity Measurements[J].Engineering Geology,1999,54(1):43-53.
[31]刘国华,王振宇,黄建平.土的电阻率特性及其工程应用研究[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(1):83-87.
[32]KELLER G,FRISCHKNECHT F.Electrical Methods in Geophysical Prospecting[M].New York:Pergamon Press,1966:66-68.
[33]樊恒辉,孔令伟,李洪良,等.马家树水库大坝防渗土料分散性判别和改性试验[J].岩土力学,2010,31(1):193-198,222.
[34]查甫生.结构性非饱和土的电阻率特性及应用[D].南京:东南大学,2007:60-61.
[35]王观平,张来文,阎仰中.分散性黏土与水利工程[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999:88-89.
[36]MITCHELL J K,ARULANANDAN K.Electrical Dispersion in Relation to Soil Structure[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,1968,94(2):447-471.
[37]孙萍.黄土破裂特性试验研究[D].西安:长安大学,2007:27-29.
[38]WORTHINGTON P F.The Uses and Abuses of the Archie Equations,The Formation Factor-Porosity Relationship[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,1993,30(3):215-228.
[2]MCELROY C H.The Use of Chemical Additives to Control the Erosive Behavior of Dispersed Clays[C]//Engineering Aspects of Soil Erosion,Dispersive Clays and Loess.New York:ASCE,1987:1-16.
[3]樊恒辉,赵高文,李洪良.分散性黏土研究现状与展望[J].岩土力学,2010,31(增刊1):108-114.
[4]ARCHIE G E.The Electric Resistivity Log As Aid in Determining Some Reservoir Characteristics[J].Well Logging Technology,1942,146(3):54-62.
[5]查甫生,刘松玉,杜延军,等.非饱和黏性土的电阻率特性及其试验研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(8):1671-1676.
[6]韩立华,刘松玉,杜延军.一种检测污染土的新方法——电阻率法[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(8):1028-1032.
[7]查甫生,刘松玉,杜延军,等.土的微结构特征对其电阻率的影响试验研究[J].工程勘察,2008,35(10):6-10.
[8]付伟,汪稔,胡明鉴,等.不同温度下冻土单轴抗压强度与电阻率关系研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(1):73-78.
[9]董晓强,黄凤凤,苏楠楠,等.非饱和黄土受压过程中交流电阻率特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(1):189-197.
[10]赵燕茹,陈湘生,黄力平,等.垃圾土电阻率特性试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(12):2205-2216.
[11]冯怀平,马德良,王志鹏,等.基于范德堡法的非饱和土电阻率测试方法[J].岩土工程学报,2017,39(4):690-696.
[12]樊恒辉,高明霞,李鹏,等.某大坝心墙土料分散性试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(5):615-618.
[13]高明霞,李鹏,王国栋,等.南坪水库筑坝土料分散机理及原因分析[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(8):1303-1308.
[14]王观平.分散性黏土的分散机理分析[J].人民黄河,1989,11(4):24-27.
[15]钱家欢.分散性土作为坝料的一些问题[J].岩土工程学报,1981,3(1):94-100.
[16]樊恒辉,赵高文,路立娜,等.分散性土的综合判别准则与针孔试验方法的改进[J].水力发电学报,2013,32(1):248-262.
[17]樊恒辉,吴普特,李鹏,等.分散性黏土判别试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(11):1310-1316.
[18]党进谦,马晓婷,孙仲林,等.分散性对心墙土料裂缝冲刷影响的试验研究[J].水利学报,2012,43(9):1103-1107.
[19]王志兵,汪稔,胡明鉴,等.颗粒运移对蒋家沟土体渗透性影响的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(7):2017-2024.
[20]樊恒辉,孔令伟,郭敏霞,等.文家沟水库筑坝土料分散性和抗渗性能试验[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(3):458-463.
[21]邓铭江,周小兵,万金平,等.“635”水利枢纽大坝心墙防渗土料分散性鉴定及改性试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(6):673-677.
[22]王中妮,樊恒辉,贺智强,等.分散性土改性剂对土的分散性和抗拉强度的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(2):1-8.
[23]赵高文,樊恒辉,陈华,等.基于黏性土分散机制的分散性土化学改性研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(增刊2):210-228.
[24]樊恒辉.我国北方地区黏土的分散机理及其应用技术研究:博士后出站报告[R].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2009:40-42.
[25]刘松玉,查甫生,于小军.土的电阻率室内测试技术研究[J].工程地质学报,2006,14(2):216-222.
[26]The American Society for Testing and Material.Standard Test Method for Identification and Classification of Dispersive Clay Soils by the Pinhole Test:D4647—93[S].West Conshohocken:ASTM,1993:1-11.
[27]The American Society for Testing and Material.Standard Test Methods for Determining Dispersive Characteristics of Clayey Soils by the Crumb Test:D6572—00[S].West Conshohocken:ASTM,2000:1-8.
[28]苏楠楠.黄土固结试验过程中电阻率结构参数的变化研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2015:8.
[29]章定文,曹智国,刘松玉.固化土电阻率变化规律与经验模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(增刊2):4139-4144.
[30]FUKUE M,MINATO T,HORIBE H,et al.The MicroStructures of Clay Given by Resistivity Measurements[J].Engineering Geology,1999,54(1):43-53.
[31]刘国华,王振宇,黄建平.土的电阻率特性及其工程应用研究[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(1):83-87.
[32]KELLER G,FRISCHKNECHT F.Electrical Methods in Geophysical Prospecting[M].New York:Pergamon Press,1966:66-68.
[33]樊恒辉,孔令伟,李洪良,等.马家树水库大坝防渗土料分散性判别和改性试验[J].岩土力学,2010,31(1):193-198,222.
[34]查甫生.结构性非饱和土的电阻率特性及应用[D].南京:东南大学,2007:60-61.
[35]王观平,张来文,阎仰中.分散性黏土与水利工程[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999:88-89.
[36]MITCHELL J K,ARULANANDAN K.Electrical Dispersion in Relation to Soil Structure[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,1968,94(2):447-471.
[37]孙萍.黄土破裂特性试验研究[D].西安:长安大学,2007:27-29.
[38]WORTHINGTON P F.The Uses and Abuses of the Archie Equations,The Formation Factor-Porosity Relationship[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,1993,30(3):215-228.