巷道围岩非均质性对其分区破裂化的影响
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摘要
通过在FLAC~(3D)应变软化模型中引入Weibull分布函数,得到了非均质应变软化模型.分析了Weibull分布函数中的形状参数对逐步开挖马蹄形巷道围岩不同平面及测线上剪切应变增量分布特征的影响.研究发现,在均质性较差的围岩中开挖巷道时,围岩的破坏较严重,分区破裂化较复杂,分区破裂化的范围较大.过巷道轴线平面上两簇剪切带的发展可以导致垂直于巷道轴线平面上复杂的分区破裂,第1簇向掌子面方向发展,其前端可能超越掌子面,第2簇背离掌子面发展.剪切应变增量高值区在围岩的环向及径向均有发展.当围岩的均质性较好时,可出现连通的圆环形剪切应变增量高值区.在过巷道轴线平面上,本文结果与已有的试验观察到的围岩中的倾斜裂缝或剪切带在定性上一致.在垂直于巷道轴线的不同平面上,将观察到不同的分区破裂化现象.
A Weibull function was introduced into the strain-softening model with FLAC~(3D),and a heterogeneous strain-softening model was established.The effects of the shape parameters in the Weibull function on the distributions of shear strain increments at different planes and monitored lines of the horseshoe tunnel surrounding rock under progressive excavation were studied.The results show that for the surrounding rock with bad homogeneity,the serious failure is expected;the zonal disintegration is complex;and the range of the zonal disintegration is large.The complex zonal disintegration at planes orthogonal to the tunnel axis stems from developments of two sets of shear bands at planes going through the tunnel axis.The first set of shear bands propagates toward the heading of the tunnel,which can exceed the heading of thetunnel,and the second set propagates far away from the heading of the tunnel.Regions with higher shear strain increments can develop in the radical and loop directions.For the surrounding rock with good homogeneity,the annular region with higher shear strain increments can be formed.At planes going through the tunnel axis,the present results are qualitatively consistent with the previous experimental results that inclined cracks and shear bands are found in the surrounding rock.At different planes orthogonal to the tunnel axis,different zonal disintegration will be observed.
A Weibull function was introduced into the strain-softening model with FLAC~(3D),and a heterogeneous strain-softening model was established.The effects of the shape parameters in the Weibull function on the distributions of shear strain increments at different planes and monitored lines of the horseshoe tunnel surrounding rock under progressive excavation were studied.The results show that for the surrounding rock with bad homogeneity,the serious failure is expected;the zonal disintegration is complex;and the range of the zonal disintegration is large.The complex zonal disintegration at planes orthogonal to the tunnel axis stems from developments of two sets of shear bands at planes going through the tunnel axis.The first set of shear bands propagates toward the heading of the tunnel,which can exceed the heading of thetunnel,and the second set propagates far away from the heading of the tunnel.Regions with higher shear strain increments can develop in the radical and loop directions.For the surrounding rock with good homogeneity,the annular region with higher shear strain increments can be formed.At planes going through the tunnel axis,the present results are qualitatively consistent with the previous experimental results that inclined cracks and shear bands are found in the surrounding rock.At different planes orthogonal to the tunnel axis,different zonal disintegration will be observed.
引文
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[11]张俊文.深部大规模松软围岩巷道破坏分区理论分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(2):292-299.ZHANG Junwen.Theoretical analysis on failure zone of surrounding rock in deep large-scale soft rock roadway[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2017,46(2):292-299.
[12]罗荣,曾亚武,曹源,等.岩石非均质度对其力学性能的影响研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(12):3788-3794.LUO Rong,ZENG Yawu,CAO Yuan,et al.Research on influence of inhomogeneity degree on mechanical parameters of inhomogeneous rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(12):3788-3794.
[13]WANG X B,MA J,LIU L Q.Numerical simulation of large shear strain drops during jog failure for echelon faults based on a heterogeneous and strain-softening model[J].Tectonophysics,2013,608:667-684.
[14]Itasca Consulting Group Inc.Manual of FLAC3D-fast lagrangian analysis of continua in 3dimensions[R].The United States of America:Itasca Consulting Group Inc,2005:73.
[15]张强勇,张绪涛,向文,等.不同洞形与加载方式对深部岩体分区破裂影响的模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(8):1564-1571.ZHANG Qiangyong,ZHANG Xutao,XIANG Wen,et al.Model test study of zonal disintegration in deep rock mass under different cavern shapes and loading conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(8):1564-1571.
[16]徐颖,袁璞.爆炸荷载下深部围岩分区破裂模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增2):3844-3851.XU Ying,YUAN Pu.Model test of zonal disintegration in deep rock under blasting load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(Sup 2):3844-3851.
[2]SHEMYAKIN E I,FISENKO G L,KURLENYA MV,et al.Zonal disintegration of rocks around underground mines,part III:Theoretical concepts[J].Journal of Mining Science,1988,23(1):1-6.
[3]李术才,王汉鹏,钱七虎,等.深部巷道围岩分区破裂化现象现场监测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(8):1545-1553.LI Shucai,WANG Hanpeng,QIAN Qihu,et al.In-situ monitoring research on zonal disintegration of surrounding rock mass in deep mine roadways[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(8):1545-1553.
[4]朱杰,汪仁和,林斌.深埋巷道围岩多次破裂现象与裂隙张开度研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(6):887-890.ZHU Jie,WANG Renhe,LIN Bin.Research on the phenomenon of multiple fracturing and fracture apertures of surrounding rock mass in deep roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(6):887-890.
[5]李树忱.分区破裂化现象的现场观测分析与数值模拟[C]//中国科协学会学术部.深部岩石工程围岩分区破裂化效应.北京:中国科学技术出版社,2008:82-88.LI Shuchen.Field observation analysis and numerical simulation[C]//Academic Department of China Association for Science and Technology.Effects of Zonal Disintegration of the Surrounding Rock in Rock Engineering at Depth.Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,2008:82-88.
[6]袁亮,顾金才,薛俊华,等.深部围岩分区破裂化模型试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(6):987-993.YUAN Liang,GU Jincai,XUE Junhua,et al.Model test on research on the zonal disintegration in deep rock[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(6):987-993.
[7]唐春安,张永彬.岩体间隔破裂机制及演化规律初探[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(7):1362-1369.TANG Chun’an,ZHANG Yongbin.Discussion on mechanism and evolution laws of fracture spacing in rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(7):1362-1369.
[8]张强勇,陈旭光,林波,等.深部巷道围岩分区破裂三维地质力学模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(9):1757-1766.ZHANG Qiangyong,CHEN Xuguang,LIN Bo,et al.Study of 3Dgeomechanical model test of zonal disintegration of surrounding rock of deep tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(9):1757-1766.
[9]王学滨,潘一山,张智慧.基于加荷和卸荷模型的分区破裂化初步模拟及空间局部化机理[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2012,31(1):1-7.WANG Xuebin,PAN Yishan,ZHANG Zhihui.Preliminary numerical simulation of zonal disintegration phenomenon based on loading and unloading models and the mechanism of spatial strain localization[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Natural Science),2012,31(1):1-7.
[10]张智慧,王学滨,潘一山.利用多种相似材料模拟分区破裂现象的试验研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2011,22(3):22-24.ZHANG Zhihui,WANG Xuebin,PAN Yishan.Experiment on utilizing multi-kinds of similar materials to simulate zonal disintegration phenomenon[J].Journal of Water Resources&Water Engineering,2011,22(3):22-24.
[11]张俊文.深部大规模松软围岩巷道破坏分区理论分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(2):292-299.ZHANG Junwen.Theoretical analysis on failure zone of surrounding rock in deep large-scale soft rock roadway[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2017,46(2):292-299.
[12]罗荣,曾亚武,曹源,等.岩石非均质度对其力学性能的影响研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(12):3788-3794.LUO Rong,ZENG Yawu,CAO Yuan,et al.Research on influence of inhomogeneity degree on mechanical parameters of inhomogeneous rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(12):3788-3794.
[13]WANG X B,MA J,LIU L Q.Numerical simulation of large shear strain drops during jog failure for echelon faults based on a heterogeneous and strain-softening model[J].Tectonophysics,2013,608:667-684.
[14]Itasca Consulting Group Inc.Manual of FLAC3D-fast lagrangian analysis of continua in 3dimensions[R].The United States of America:Itasca Consulting Group Inc,2005:73.
[15]张强勇,张绪涛,向文,等.不同洞形与加载方式对深部岩体分区破裂影响的模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(8):1564-1571.ZHANG Qiangyong,ZHANG Xutao,XIANG Wen,et al.Model test study of zonal disintegration in deep rock mass under different cavern shapes and loading conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(8):1564-1571.
[16]徐颖,袁璞.爆炸荷载下深部围岩分区破裂模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增2):3844-3851.XU Ying,YUAN Pu.Model test of zonal disintegration in deep rock under blasting load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(Sup 2):3844-3851.