深部巷道分区破裂化计算理论与实测对比研究
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摘要
通过深入研究深部工程围岩压力、位移累积大小和应力应变峰后下降快慢对围岩能量汇聚与释放、耗散与储存的特征影响关系,发现随工程埋深增加,围岩释放能量随破坏影响范围具有等级递减特征规律。首次提出围岩压力与扰动荷载"静动"组合作用理论计算模型,弄清了深部岩体动载扰动下含能岩体势能转化为动能的规律,给出了围岩分区破裂化序列大小规模相适应的特征能量阈值,揭示了"静动"组合特征能量大小是决定产生分区破裂化的关键机制。通过与现场实测和室内模拟实验结果对比,验证了理论与计算方法的正确性。提出的特征能量因子及其理论方法为探寻复杂岩土工程(如复杂边坡等)灾变预测、预报及防控提供了新的理论与技术路线。
The effects of in situ stress,cumulative displacement and stress-strain relationship on the concentration,release,storage and dissipation of energy in surrounding rock masses are investigated in this paper. The energy released from the surrounding rock was found to decrease with the growth of damaged range. A theoretical model considering the combined effects of surrounding rock pressure and disturbing loads was proposed. The transformation of potential and kinetic energy in surrounding rock masses under the disturbing loads was clarified. The characteristic values of the energy threshold corresponding to different damaged zones were given. The key mechanism of zonal disintegration was revealed to be the magnitude of the combined characteristic energy. The accuracy of the theoretical and calculation method was validated by comparing with the in situ and in-door experimental data.
The effects of in situ stress,cumulative displacement and stress-strain relationship on the concentration,release,storage and dissipation of energy in surrounding rock masses are investigated in this paper. The energy released from the surrounding rock was found to decrease with the growth of damaged range. A theoretical model considering the combined effects of surrounding rock pressure and disturbing loads was proposed. The transformation of potential and kinetic energy in surrounding rock masses under the disturbing loads was clarified. The characteristic values of the energy threshold corresponding to different damaged zones were given. The key mechanism of zonal disintegration was revealed to be the magnitude of the combined characteristic energy. The accuracy of the theoretical and calculation method was validated by comparing with the in situ and in-door experimental data.
引文
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[2]ADAMS G R,JAGER A J.Petroscopic observations of rock fracturing ahead of stope faces in deep-level gold mine[J].Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,1980,80(6):204–209.
[3]李世平.权台煤矿煤巷锚杆实验观测报告—兼论煤巷锚杆特定与参数选择新观点[J].中国矿业大学学报,1979,(4):19–57.(LI Shiping.Experimental observation report on anchor test in roadway of Quantai coal mine and discussion on new viewpoint of anchor characteristics and parameter selection[J].Journal of China Institute of Mining and Technology,1979,(4):19–57.(in Chinese))
[4]SHEMYAKIN E I,FISENKO G L,KURLENYA M V.Zonal disintegration of around underground workings,Part I--date of in situ observations[J].Journal of Mining Science,1986,22(3):157–168.
[5]SHEMYAKIN E I,FISENKO G L,KURLENYA M V.Zonal disintegration of around underground workings,Part II--rock fracture simulated in equivalent materials[J].Journal of Mining Science,1986,22(4):223–232.
[6]SHEMYAKIN E I,FISENKO G L,KURLENYA M V.Zonal disintegration of around underground workings,Part III-theoretical concepts[J].Journal of Mining Science,1987,23(1):1–5.
[7]METLOV L S,MOROZOV A F,ZBORSCHIK M P.Rock failure foundations of mechanism of zonal rock failure in the vicinity of mining work[J].Journal of Mining Science,2002,38(2):150–155.
[8]GUZEV M A,PAROSHIN A A.Non-euclidean model of the zonal disintegration of rocks around an underground working[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics,2001,42(1):131–139.
[9]QI C Z,WANG M Y,QIAN Q H.Evolution of the deformation and fracturing in rock masses near deep-level tunnels[J].Journal of Mining Science,2009,45(2);112–119.
[10]陈昊祥,戚承志,李凯锐,等.深部巷道围岩分区破裂的非线性连续相变模型[J].岩土力学,2017,38(4):1 032–1 040.(CHEN Haoxiang,QI Chengzhi,LI Kairui,et al.Nonlinear continuous phase transition model of zonal disintegration of rock masses near deep-level tunnels[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(4):1 032–1 040.(in Chinese))
[11]CHEN H X,QI C Z,LIU P,et al.Modeling the zonal disintegration of rocks near deep level tunnels by gradient internal variable continuous phase transition theory[J].Journal of Mechanical Behavior of Materials,2015,24(5–6):161–171.
[12]钱七虎,沈树忱.深部岩体工程围岩分区破裂化现象研究综述[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(6):1 278–1 284.(QIAN Qihu,SHEN Shuchen.A review of research on zonal disintegration phenomenon in deep rock mass engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(6):1 278–1 284.(in Chinese))
[13]戚承志,钱七虎,王明洋,等.分区破裂化现象的研究进展[J].解放军理工大学学报:自然科学版,2011,12(5):477–484.(QI Chengzhi,QIAN Qihu,WANG Mingyang,et al.Advance in investigation of zonal disintegration phenomenon[J].Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology:Natural Science,2011,12(5):477–484.(in Chinese))
[14]尤明庆,华安增.岩石试样破坏过程的能量分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(6):778–781.(YOU Mingqing,HUA Anzeng.Energy analysis of failure process of rock specimens[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(6):778–781.(in Chinese))
[15]华安增.地下工程周围岩体能量分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(7):1 054–1 059.(HUA Anzeng.Energy analysis of surrounding rocks in underground engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(7):1 054–1 059.(in Chinese))
[16]赵阳升,冯增朝,万志军.岩体动力破坏的最小能量原理[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1 781–1 783.(ZHAO Yangsheng,FENG Zengchao,WAN Zhijun.Least energy principle of dynamical failure of rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1 781–1 783.(in Chinese))
[17]谢和平,彭瑞东,鞠杨.岩石变形破坏过程中的能量耗散分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(21):3 565–3 570.(XIE Heping,PENG Ruidong,JU Yang.Energy dissipation of rock deformation and fracture[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(21):3 565–3 570.(in Chinese))
[18]COOK N G W.The basic mechanics of rock bursts[J].Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,1963,64:71–81.
[19]COOK N G W,HOEK E,PRETORIUS J P G,et al.Rock mechanics applied to the study of rockbursts[J].Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,1966,66:436–528.
[20]COOK N G W.Seismicity associated with mining[J].Engineering Geology,1976,10:99–122.
[21]BRADY B H G,BROWN E T.Energy changes and stability in underground mining:design applications of boundary element methods[J].Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy,1981,90:61–68.
[22]BRADY B H G,BROWN E T.Rock mechanics for underground mining[M].[S.l.]:Springer,2006:264–269.
[23]潘岳,王志强.岩体动力失稳的功、能增量—突变理论研究方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(9):1 433–1 438.(PAN Yue,WANG Zhiqiang.Research approach on increment of work and energycatastrophe theory of rock dynamic destabilization[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(9):1 433–1 438.(in Chinese))
[24]潘岳,王志强.应变非线性软化的硐室围岩荷载–位移关系研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(10):1 515–1 521.(PAN Yue,WANG Zhiqiang.Research on relationship of load-displacement for cavern surrounding rock with strain nonlinear softening[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(10):1 515–1 521.(in Chinese))
[25]潘岳,王志强,吴敏应.巷道开挖围岩能量释放与偏应力应变能生成的分析计算.岩土力学,2007,28(4):663–669.(PAN Yue,WANG Zhiqiang,WU Minying.Analysis and calculation of energy release and deviatortic stress energy generation of surrounding rock in tunnel excavation process[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(4):663–669.(in Chinese))
[26]REVUZHENKOR A F,KLISHIN S V.Energy flux lines in a deformable rock mass with elliptical openings[J].Journal of Mining Science,2009,45(3):201–206.
[27]王明洋,李杰,李凯锐.深部岩体非线性力学能量作用原理与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(4):659–667.(WANG Mingyang,LI Jie,LI Kairui.A nonlinear mechanical energy theory in deep rock mass engineering and it application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(4):659–667.(in Chinese))
[28]SHISHKIN N I.Seismic efficiency of a contact explosion and a high-velocity impact[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics,2007,48(2):145–152.
[29]蒋海明.深部岩体动力特征响应的理论与试验研究[博士学位论文][D].南京:中国人民解放军陆军工程大学,2018.(JIANG Haiming.Theoretical and experimental research on dynamic characteristic responses of deep rock mass[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Nanjing:The Army Engineering University of PLA,2018.(in Chinese))
[30]陈士林,钱七虎,王明洋.深部坑道围岩的变形与承载能力问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(13):2 203–2 211.(CHEN Shilin,WANG Mingyang,QIAN Qihu.Problems of deformation and bearing capacity of rock mass around deep buried tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(13):2 203–2 211.(in Chinese))
[31]LANDAU L D,LIFSHITZ E M.Mechanics[M].3rd ed.Oxford,UK:Butterworth-Heinemann Press,1976:93–95.
[32]方祖烈.软岩巷道维护原理与控制措施[C]//何满潮编.中国煤矿软岩巷道支护理论与实践.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1996:64–70.(FANG Zulie.Support principles for roadway in soft rock and its controlling measures[C]//HE Manchao ed.Soft Rock Tunnel Support in Chinese Mines:Theory and Practice.Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,1996:64–70.(in Chinese))
[33]李术才,王汉鹏,钱七虎,等.深部洞室围岩分区破裂现象现场监测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(8):1 545–1 553.(LI Shucai,WANG Hanpeng,QIAN Qihu,et al.In-situ monitoring research on zonal disintegration of surrounding rock mass in deep mine roadways[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(8):1 545–1 553.(in Chinese))
[34]KURLENYA M V,OPARIN V N.Problems of nonlinear geomechanics.Part 1[J].Journal of Mining Science,1999,35(3):216–230.
[2]ADAMS G R,JAGER A J.Petroscopic observations of rock fracturing ahead of stope faces in deep-level gold mine[J].Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,1980,80(6):204–209.
[3]李世平.权台煤矿煤巷锚杆实验观测报告—兼论煤巷锚杆特定与参数选择新观点[J].中国矿业大学学报,1979,(4):19–57.(LI Shiping.Experimental observation report on anchor test in roadway of Quantai coal mine and discussion on new viewpoint of anchor characteristics and parameter selection[J].Journal of China Institute of Mining and Technology,1979,(4):19–57.(in Chinese))
[4]SHEMYAKIN E I,FISENKO G L,KURLENYA M V.Zonal disintegration of around underground workings,Part I--date of in situ observations[J].Journal of Mining Science,1986,22(3):157–168.
[5]SHEMYAKIN E I,FISENKO G L,KURLENYA M V.Zonal disintegration of around underground workings,Part II--rock fracture simulated in equivalent materials[J].Journal of Mining Science,1986,22(4):223–232.
[6]SHEMYAKIN E I,FISENKO G L,KURLENYA M V.Zonal disintegration of around underground workings,Part III-theoretical concepts[J].Journal of Mining Science,1987,23(1):1–5.
[7]METLOV L S,MOROZOV A F,ZBORSCHIK M P.Rock failure foundations of mechanism of zonal rock failure in the vicinity of mining work[J].Journal of Mining Science,2002,38(2):150–155.
[8]GUZEV M A,PAROSHIN A A.Non-euclidean model of the zonal disintegration of rocks around an underground working[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics,2001,42(1):131–139.
[9]QI C Z,WANG M Y,QIAN Q H.Evolution of the deformation and fracturing in rock masses near deep-level tunnels[J].Journal of Mining Science,2009,45(2);112–119.
[10]陈昊祥,戚承志,李凯锐,等.深部巷道围岩分区破裂的非线性连续相变模型[J].岩土力学,2017,38(4):1 032–1 040.(CHEN Haoxiang,QI Chengzhi,LI Kairui,et al.Nonlinear continuous phase transition model of zonal disintegration of rock masses near deep-level tunnels[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(4):1 032–1 040.(in Chinese))
[11]CHEN H X,QI C Z,LIU P,et al.Modeling the zonal disintegration of rocks near deep level tunnels by gradient internal variable continuous phase transition theory[J].Journal of Mechanical Behavior of Materials,2015,24(5–6):161–171.
[12]钱七虎,沈树忱.深部岩体工程围岩分区破裂化现象研究综述[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(6):1 278–1 284.(QIAN Qihu,SHEN Shuchen.A review of research on zonal disintegration phenomenon in deep rock mass engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(6):1 278–1 284.(in Chinese))
[13]戚承志,钱七虎,王明洋,等.分区破裂化现象的研究进展[J].解放军理工大学学报:自然科学版,2011,12(5):477–484.(QI Chengzhi,QIAN Qihu,WANG Mingyang,et al.Advance in investigation of zonal disintegration phenomenon[J].Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology:Natural Science,2011,12(5):477–484.(in Chinese))
[14]尤明庆,华安增.岩石试样破坏过程的能量分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(6):778–781.(YOU Mingqing,HUA Anzeng.Energy analysis of failure process of rock specimens[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(6):778–781.(in Chinese))
[15]华安增.地下工程周围岩体能量分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(7):1 054–1 059.(HUA Anzeng.Energy analysis of surrounding rocks in underground engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(7):1 054–1 059.(in Chinese))
[16]赵阳升,冯增朝,万志军.岩体动力破坏的最小能量原理[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1 781–1 783.(ZHAO Yangsheng,FENG Zengchao,WAN Zhijun.Least energy principle of dynamical failure of rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1 781–1 783.(in Chinese))
[17]谢和平,彭瑞东,鞠杨.岩石变形破坏过程中的能量耗散分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(21):3 565–3 570.(XIE Heping,PENG Ruidong,JU Yang.Energy dissipation of rock deformation and fracture[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(21):3 565–3 570.(in Chinese))
[18]COOK N G W.The basic mechanics of rock bursts[J].Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,1963,64:71–81.
[19]COOK N G W,HOEK E,PRETORIUS J P G,et al.Rock mechanics applied to the study of rockbursts[J].Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,1966,66:436–528.
[20]COOK N G W.Seismicity associated with mining[J].Engineering Geology,1976,10:99–122.
[21]BRADY B H G,BROWN E T.Energy changes and stability in underground mining:design applications of boundary element methods[J].Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy,1981,90:61–68.
[22]BRADY B H G,BROWN E T.Rock mechanics for underground mining[M].[S.l.]:Springer,2006:264–269.
[23]潘岳,王志强.岩体动力失稳的功、能增量—突变理论研究方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(9):1 433–1 438.(PAN Yue,WANG Zhiqiang.Research approach on increment of work and energycatastrophe theory of rock dynamic destabilization[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(9):1 433–1 438.(in Chinese))
[24]潘岳,王志强.应变非线性软化的硐室围岩荷载–位移关系研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(10):1 515–1 521.(PAN Yue,WANG Zhiqiang.Research on relationship of load-displacement for cavern surrounding rock with strain nonlinear softening[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(10):1 515–1 521.(in Chinese))
[25]潘岳,王志强,吴敏应.巷道开挖围岩能量释放与偏应力应变能生成的分析计算.岩土力学,2007,28(4):663–669.(PAN Yue,WANG Zhiqiang,WU Minying.Analysis and calculation of energy release and deviatortic stress energy generation of surrounding rock in tunnel excavation process[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(4):663–669.(in Chinese))
[26]REVUZHENKOR A F,KLISHIN S V.Energy flux lines in a deformable rock mass with elliptical openings[J].Journal of Mining Science,2009,45(3):201–206.
[27]王明洋,李杰,李凯锐.深部岩体非线性力学能量作用原理与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(4):659–667.(WANG Mingyang,LI Jie,LI Kairui.A nonlinear mechanical energy theory in deep rock mass engineering and it application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(4):659–667.(in Chinese))
[28]SHISHKIN N I.Seismic efficiency of a contact explosion and a high-velocity impact[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics,2007,48(2):145–152.
[29]蒋海明.深部岩体动力特征响应的理论与试验研究[博士学位论文][D].南京:中国人民解放军陆军工程大学,2018.(JIANG Haiming.Theoretical and experimental research on dynamic characteristic responses of deep rock mass[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Nanjing:The Army Engineering University of PLA,2018.(in Chinese))
[30]陈士林,钱七虎,王明洋.深部坑道围岩的变形与承载能力问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(13):2 203–2 211.(CHEN Shilin,WANG Mingyang,QIAN Qihu.Problems of deformation and bearing capacity of rock mass around deep buried tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(13):2 203–2 211.(in Chinese))
[31]LANDAU L D,LIFSHITZ E M.Mechanics[M].3rd ed.Oxford,UK:Butterworth-Heinemann Press,1976:93–95.
[32]方祖烈.软岩巷道维护原理与控制措施[C]//何满潮编.中国煤矿软岩巷道支护理论与实践.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1996:64–70.(FANG Zulie.Support principles for roadway in soft rock and its controlling measures[C]//HE Manchao ed.Soft Rock Tunnel Support in Chinese Mines:Theory and Practice.Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,1996:64–70.(in Chinese))
[33]李术才,王汉鹏,钱七虎,等.深部洞室围岩分区破裂现象现场监测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(8):1 545–1 553.(LI Shucai,WANG Hanpeng,QIAN Qihu,et al.In-situ monitoring research on zonal disintegration of surrounding rock mass in deep mine roadways[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(8):1 545–1 553.(in Chinese))
[34]KURLENYA M V,OPARIN V N.Problems of nonlinear geomechanics.Part 1[J].Journal of Mining Science,1999,35(3):216–230.