机枪水下发射膛口燃气射流场分布特性的数值模拟
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摘要
为了解机枪在水下发射环境中膛口燃气射流场的演化特性,建立了膛口燃气射流(含弹丸)在液体中扩展的两维两相流模型,借助Fluent软件,运用UDF和动网格技术,针对12.7 mm机枪在水中发射形成的膛口燃气射流场进行了数值模拟与分析。结果表明,在近水面发射条件下,燃气出膛口后,先迅速膨胀,形成一个射流膨胀区,温度与压力迅速降低。随后由于膛口燃气持续流入,受限于弹底边界和周围水的约束,形成一个压缩区,燃气温度与压力又快速上升。在弹丸出膛后0.12 ms,已经能清晰地观察到马赫盘结构,且马赫盘距膛口的位移随时间变化特性满足指数上升规律;在10 m水深发射环境下,膨胀区的扩展受限于更大的水压,使膨胀区下游与气液界面附近的温度峰值与压力峰值偏大,且峰值所处位置向膛口方向移动;马赫盘距膛口位移随时间变化较小。
In order to study the evolution characteristics of the jet gas field in the underwater launching environment of machine gun,a two-dimensional two-phase flow model in which the gas jet(including the projectile)was expanded in the liquid was established. Using Fluent software,UDF and dynamic mesh technology,the numerical simulation and analysis of the jet gas field generated by 12.7 mm machine gun in water were carried out.The calculation results show that under the underwater launching condition,the gas expands rapidly after exiting muzzle,and a jet expansion zone forms,in which the temperature and pressure drop sharply. Subsequent gas is limited by the bottom boundary and the compression of the surrounding water,the temperature and pressure of the gas will rise again after going through the jet expansion zone. The Mach disk structure can be clearly observed at 0.12 ms after the projectle shotting out. The variation of the Mach disk position follows the law of exponential change.Under the 10 m water depth emission environment,the extension of the expansion zone is limited by the larger water pressure,so that the temperature peak and pressure peak near the gas-liquid interface downstream of the expansion zone are larger,and the position of the peak moves toward the muzzle. Mach disc pitch displacement changes little with time.
In order to study the evolution characteristics of the jet gas field in the underwater launching environment of machine gun,a two-dimensional two-phase flow model in which the gas jet(including the projectile)was expanded in the liquid was established. Using Fluent software,UDF and dynamic mesh technology,the numerical simulation and analysis of the jet gas field generated by 12.7 mm machine gun in water were carried out.The calculation results show that under the underwater launching condition,the gas expands rapidly after exiting muzzle,and a jet expansion zone forms,in which the temperature and pressure drop sharply. Subsequent gas is limited by the bottom boundary and the compression of the surrounding water,the temperature and pressure of the gas will rise again after going through the jet expansion zone. The Mach disk structure can be clearly observed at 0.12 ms after the projectle shotting out. The variation of the Mach disk position follows the law of exponential change.Under the 10 m water depth emission environment,the extension of the expansion zone is limited by the larger water pressure,so that the temperature peak and pressure peak near the gas-liquid interface downstream of the expansion zone are larger,and the position of the peak moves toward the muzzle. Mach disc pitch displacement changes little with time.
引文
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[13] 张欣尉,余永刚,莽珊珊.装药参数对水下机枪密封式膛口流场影响的数值分析[J].兵工学报,2018,39(1):18-27.ZHANG Xinwei,YU Yonggang,MANG Shanshan.Numerical analysis of influence of charge parameters on flow field around sealed muzzle of underwater machine gun[J].Acta Armamentarii,2018,39(1):18-27.(in Chinese)
[2] 周鹏,曹从咏,董浩.高压气体发射装置内弹道特性及膛口流场分析[J].兵工学报,2016,37(9):1612-1616.ZHOU Peng,CAO Congyong,DONG Hao.Analysis of interior ballistic characteristics and muzzle flow field of high-pressure gas launcher[J].Acta Armamentarii,2016,37(9):1612-1616.(in Chinese)
[3] 孔德仁,王昌明,柳光辽,等.水下枪械内弹道基本方程组及其设计[J].南京理工大学学报,1999,23(3):9-12.KONG Deren,WANG Changming,LIU Guangliao,et al.Fundamental equations of underwater gun’s interior trajectory and its design[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Science and Technology,1999,23(3):9-12.(in Chinese)
[4] 王昌明,狄长安,柳光辽.水深变化时水下发射装置的内弹道计算[J].兵工学报,2002,23(4):462-464.WANG Changming,DI Chang’an,LIU Guangliao.Interior ballistic calculations of an under water gun at various depths[J].Acta Armamentarii,2002,23(4):462-464.(in Chinese)
[5] 郭则庆,王杨,姜孝海,等.小口径武器膛口流场可视化实验[J].实验流体力学,2012,26(2):46-50.GUO Zeqing,WANG Yang,JIANG Xiaohai,et al.Visual experiment on the muzzle flow field of the small caliber gun[J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics,2012,26(2):46-50.(in Chinese)
[6] 朱冠南.高空环境下膛口流场研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2014.ZHU Guannan.Research on the flow field of the muzzle under high altitude environment[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science and Technology,2014.(in Chinese)
[7] 顾金良,赵构,罗红娥,等.膛口流场可视化测试技术[J].火力与指挥控制,2015(12):171-172.GU Jinliang,ZHAO Gou,LUO Hong’e,et al.Research on visual testing technology of muzzle flow field[J].Fire and Command Control,2015(12):171-172.(in Chinese)
[8] 莽珊珊,余永刚.高压燃气射流在整装液体中扩展过程的实验和数值模拟[J].爆炸与冲击,2011,31(3):300-305.MANG Shanshan,YU Yonggang.Experiment and numerical simulation for high pressure combustible gas jet expansion process in a bulk-loaded liquid[J].Explosion and Shock Wave,2011,31(3):300-305.(in Chinese)
[9] 齐丽婷,余永刚,彭志国,等.边界形状对气液相互作用过程的影响[J].弹道学报,2008,20(1):5-10.QI Liting,YU Yonggang,PENG Zhiguo,et al.Influence of boundary shape on interaction process of gas and liquid[J].Journal of Ballistics,2008,20(1):5-10.(in Chinese)
[10] 赵嘉俊,余永刚.锥形多股火药燃气射流与液体工质相互作用的实验研究[J].含能材料,2015,23(11):1055-1060.ZHAO Jiajun,YU Yonggang.Interaction between cone-shaped multiple combustion gas jets and liquid[J].Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials,2015,23(11):1055-1060.(in Chinese)
[11] 周良梁,余永刚,曹永杰.喷射结构对充液圆管内气幕特性影响的数值分析[J].含能材料,2016,24(7):657-663.ZHOU Liangliang,YU Yonggang,CAO Yongjie.Influence of injection structure on gas-curtain generation characteristics in liquid tube by numerical analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials,2016,24(7):657-663.(in Chinese)
[12] 张欣尉,余永刚.水下发射对机枪膛口温度场影响的数值分析[J].含能材料,2017,25(11):932-938.ZHANG Xinwei,YU Yonggang.Numerical analysis for the effect of underwater launch on the temperature field of machine gun muzzle[J].Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials,2017,25(11):932-938.(in Chinese)
[13] 张欣尉,余永刚,莽珊珊.装药参数对水下机枪密封式膛口流场影响的数值分析[J].兵工学报,2018,39(1):18-27.ZHANG Xinwei,YU Yonggang,MANG Shanshan.Numerical analysis of influence of charge parameters on flow field around sealed muzzle of underwater machine gun[J].Acta Armamentarii,2018,39(1):18-27.(in Chinese)