基于不同重构土壤材料配比的草木樨生物量差异分析
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摘要
为揭示不同重构土壤材料对草木樨生物量影响的差异,探寻最适宜草木樨生长的重构土壤材料配比。以内蒙古胜利矿区的表土、煤矸石、粉煤灰及岩土剥离物为原料,在温室大棚内按照不同的配比进行分层和混合盆栽试验,并采用方差分析法对盆栽试验中的草木樨地上生物量进行差异性分析。结果表明:材料间不同的组合、不同的比例都会对草木樨生物量造成影响,且差异显著;表土、煤矸石及岩土剥离物以3∶3∶4的比例混合时,草木樨生物量较纯表土盆栽生物量提高近30%;煤矸石含量控制在20%～30%、粉煤灰含量控制在10%以下时,重构土壤条件对草木樨生物量促进作用明显。研究表明,煤矸石、岩土剥离物、粉煤灰等可作为表土替代材料,表土替代材料的不同配比会对草木樨生物量产生不同的影响,且当表土∶煤矸石∶岩土剥离物=3∶3∶4时,重构效果最佳。
The purpose of this study is to reveal the effects of different reconstructed soil materials on the biomass of Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb., and to explore the optimum ratio of reconstructed soil materials for the growth of this species. Using topsoil, coal gangue, fly ash,and geotechnical strippings from the Shengli mining area in Inner Mongolia as raw materials, stratification and mixing pot experiments were carried out in greenhouses using different ratios, and analysis of variance was used to test the significance of the differences. Studies showed that different combinations of materials, and different proportions, significantly affected the biomass of the grass crop; when topsoil,coal refuse, and geotechnical strippings were mixed in a ratio of 3∶3∶4, the biomass was 30% higher than with pure topsoil. When the gangue content was controlled at 20%～30%, and the fly ash content was controlled at below 10%, the increase in biomass was evident. The use of coal refuse, waste rock and soil, fly ash, etc. as surface topping materials could solve the problem of topsoil scarcity in land reclamation work. Different ratios of topsoil substitute materials would cause differences in the biomass of hibiscus, and optimum results were obtained when the topsoil∶coal gangue∶geotechnical strippings ratio=3∶3∶4.
The purpose of this study is to reveal the effects of different reconstructed soil materials on the biomass of Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb., and to explore the optimum ratio of reconstructed soil materials for the growth of this species. Using topsoil, coal gangue, fly ash,and geotechnical strippings from the Shengli mining area in Inner Mongolia as raw materials, stratification and mixing pot experiments were carried out in greenhouses using different ratios, and analysis of variance was used to test the significance of the differences. Studies showed that different combinations of materials, and different proportions, significantly affected the biomass of the grass crop; when topsoil,coal refuse, and geotechnical strippings were mixed in a ratio of 3∶3∶4, the biomass was 30% higher than with pure topsoil. When the gangue content was controlled at 20%～30%, and the fly ash content was controlled at below 10%, the increase in biomass was evident. The use of coal refuse, waste rock and soil, fly ash, etc. as surface topping materials could solve the problem of topsoil scarcity in land reclamation work. Different ratios of topsoil substitute materials would cause differences in the biomass of hibiscus, and optimum results were obtained when the topsoil∶coal gangue∶geotechnical strippings ratio=3∶3∶4.
引文
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[6]付梅臣,陈秋计.矿区生态复垦中表土剥离及其工艺[J].金属矿山,2004(8):63-65.FU Mei-chen,CHEN Qiu-ji.Surface soil stripping and its technology in ecological reclamation in mine area[J].Metal Mine,2004(8):63-65.
[7]胡振琪,位蓓蕾,林衫,等.露天矿上覆岩土层中表土替代材料的筛选[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(19):209-214.HU Zhen-qi,WEI Bei-lei,LIN Shan,et al.Selection of topsoil alternatives from overburden of surface coal mines[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(19):209-214.
[8]胡振琪,康惊涛,魏秀菊,等.煤基混合物对复垦土壤的改良及苜蓿增产效果[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(11):120-124.HU Zhen-qi,KANG Jing-tao,WEI Xiu-ju,et al.Experimental research on improvement of reclaimed soil properties and plant production based on different ratios of coal-based mixed materials[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2007,23(11):120-124.
[9]Paradelo R,Moldes A B,Barral M T.Characterization of slate processing fines according to parameters of relevance for mine spoil reclamation[J].Applied Clay Science,2007,41(3):172-180.
[10]马彦卿,李小平,冯杰,等.粉煤灰在矿山复垦中用于土壤改良的试验研究[J].矿冶,2000,9(3):15-19.MA Yan-qing,LI Xiao-ping,FENG Jie,et al.Research on application of fly ash in soil amelioration in mine land recalmation[J].Mining&Metallurgy,2000,9(3):15-19.
[11]Nicolini F,Topp W.Soil properties in plantations of sessile oak(Quercus petraea)and red oak(Quercus rubra)in reclaimed lignite opencast mines of the Rhineland[J].Geoderma,2004,129(1):65-72.
[12]Wilson-Kokes L,Skousen J.Nutrient concentrations in tree leaves on brown and gray reclaimed mine soils in west Virginia[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,481(1):418-424.
[13]Li S,Wu D,Zhang J.Effects of vegetation and fertilization on weathered particles of coal gob in Shanxi mining areas,China[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2005,124(1):1-3.
[14]秦玲,康文怀,李嘉瑞,等.草炭及其改良土壤对氮、磷、钾的吸附特性[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2009,29(1):20-24.QIN Ling,KANG Wen-huai,LI Jia-rui,et al.Nitrogen,phoshorus and potassium adsorption characteristics of peat,sandy soil,loamy soil and their mixture[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2009,29(1):20-24.
[15]黄继民,耿宝军,马险锋.矿物肥料对排土场土壤物理性质的改良效应[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2009,28(S2):169-171.HUANG Ji-min,GENG Bao-jun,MA Xian-feng.Ameliorative effect of mineral fertilizers on soil physical properties of dump[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Natural Science Edition),2009,28(S2):169-171.
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[17]纪妍,位蓓蕾,杨洁,等.草炭对露天矿表土替代材料改良效果初报[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(3):139-141,146.JI Yan,WEI Bei-lei,YANG Jie,et al.Preliminary study on the improvement of topsoil alternatives by peat in a surface coal mine[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2013,40(3):139-141,146.
[18]杨洁,位蓓蕾,陈玉玖,等.改性秸秆改良褐土对苗期紫花苜蓿生长及生理特性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2013,41(5):320-322.YANG Jie,WEI Bei-lei,CHEN Yu-jiu,et al.Modified straw improved brownsoil to grow alfalfa at seedling stage[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2013,41(5):320-322.
[19]林杉,位蓓蕾,胡振琪,等.紫花苜蓿苗期对腐植酸改良露天矿表土替代材料的响应[J].河南农业科学,2013,42(8):48-52.LIN Shan,WEI Bei-lei,HU Zhen-qi,et al.Response of seedling stage alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)to topsoil substituted material improved by humic acid in open pit mine area[J].Henan Agricultural Sciences,2013,42(8):48-52.
[20]位蓓蕾,胡振琪,林杉,等.分枝期紫花苜蓿对改良露天矿表土替代材料的响应[J].西北农业学报,2013,22(8):193-198.WEI Bei-lei,HU Zhen-qi,LIN Shan,et al.Responce of branching alfalfa to topsoil amendment substitutes for open-pit mine[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2013,22(8):193-198.
[21]位蓓蕾,胡振琪,张建勇,等.紫花苜蓿对草炭改良露天矿表土替代材料的响应[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(10):2020-2026.WEI Bei-lei,HU Zhen-qi,ZHANG Jian-yong,et al.The response of the peat improved open pit mine topsoil alternative materials for Medicago sativa[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2013,32(10):2020-2026.
[22]刘雪冉,胡振琪,许涛,等.露天煤矿表土替代材料研究综述[J].中国矿业,2017,26(3):81-85.LIU Xue-ran,HU Zhen-qi,XU Tao,et al.Summarizing research on topsoil substitute material of open-pit coal mine[J].China Mining Magazine,2017,26(3):81-85.
[23]郭友红,李树志,鲁叶江.塌陷区矸石充填复垦耕地覆土厚度的研究[J].矿山测量,2008(2):59-61.GUO You-hong,LI Shu-zhi,LU Ye-jiang,et al.Research on depth of the covering layer on reclaimed cultivated land backfilled with coal refuse in subsidence area[J].Mine Surveying,2008(2):59-61.
[24]高占国,华珞,郑海金,等.粉煤灰的理化性质及其资源化的现状与展望[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,24(1):70-77.GAO Zhan-guo,HUA Luo,ZHENG Hai-jin,et al.Physicochemical characteristics of fly ashes and situation&prospect of its utilization as resources[J].Journal of Capital Normal University(Natural Sciences Edition),2003,24(1):70-77.
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