南海中建礁的地震反射特征及其沉积演化
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摘要
新近纪以来,在南海海域陆架边缘、陆坡隆起和深海火山岩隆等构造背景上,发育了大量的生物礁滩沉积体。受沉积环境和基底的控制,不同地区的生物礁发育时间与沉积特征有所不同。中建礁位于西沙群岛西侧,与西沙群岛区生物礁不同,是在南海北部陆坡隆起背景上发育形成的孤立生物礁。在前人现代生物礁调查的基础上,首次对中建礁开展了船载重磁、二维地震和三维地震勘查,并采用地震层序地层和地震沉积学解释方法,对中建礁重力、磁力和地震资料进行了系统分析,在中建礁区识别出5个地震层序界面,明确了中建礁基底的岩性特征及形成时间;并通过对礁前斜坡扇的研究,认为中建礁经历了中中新世、晚中新世和上新世以来等3个发育阶段。
A large number of reefs are developed on the continental shelves,slopes and basement highs of the deepwater basins in the South China Sea(SCS)since Neogene.The ages and depositional characteristics of the reefs vary from region to region and are mainly controlled by the depositional environments and basement movement.Compared with the Xisha Islands,the Zhongjian reef is an isolated reef developed on an uplift on the northern continental slope of the South China Sea.Based on the surveys of the modern reefs made by predecessors,a two-dimensional seismic survey and boat loading magnetic explorations have been carried out this time.Based on the analysis of seismic sequence stratigraphy,in addition to integrated interpretation of gravity,magnetic and seismic data for depositional environments,five seismic sequence boundaries are identified at the Zhongjian reef.The lithological characteristics and forming time of the Zhongjian reef basement are preliminarily defined.Through the studies of the fan deposits in front of the reef,it is found that the Zhongjian reef has undergone three stages of development in Miocene,Late Miocene and Pliocene respectively.
A large number of reefs are developed on the continental shelves,slopes and basement highs of the deepwater basins in the South China Sea(SCS)since Neogene.The ages and depositional characteristics of the reefs vary from region to region and are mainly controlled by the depositional environments and basement movement.Compared with the Xisha Islands,the Zhongjian reef is an isolated reef developed on an uplift on the northern continental slope of the South China Sea.Based on the surveys of the modern reefs made by predecessors,a two-dimensional seismic survey and boat loading magnetic explorations have been carried out this time.Based on the analysis of seismic sequence stratigraphy,in addition to integrated interpretation of gravity,magnetic and seismic data for depositional environments,five seismic sequence boundaries are identified at the Zhongjian reef.The lithological characteristics and forming time of the Zhongjian reef basement are preliminarily defined.Through the studies of the fan deposits in front of the reef,it is found that the Zhongjian reef has undergone three stages of development in Miocene,Late Miocene and Pliocene respectively.
引文
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[12]孙嘉诗.南海北部及广东沿海新生代火山活动[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质.1991,11(3):45-67.[SUN Jiashi.Cenozoic volcanic activity in the northern South China Sea and Guangdong coastal area[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology.1991,11(3):45-67.]
[13]阎贫,刘海龄.南海及其周缘中新生代火山活动时空特征与南海的形成模式[J].热带海洋学报,2005,24(2):33-42.[YAN Pin,LIU Hailin.The temporal and spatial characteristics of Mesozoic and Cenozoic volcanic activity of the South China Sea and its adjacent and the formation model of South China Sea[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2005,24(2):33-42.]
[14]陈洁,朱本铎,温宁,等.南海海岛海山的重磁响应特征[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(9):3152-3162.[CHEN Jie,ZHU Benduo,WEN Ning et al.Gravity-magnetic response of the islands and seamounts of South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(9):3152-3162.]
[15]金钟,徐世浙.南海东部海盆海山磁性对比[J].海洋学研究,2002,20(2):14-22.[JIN Zhong,XU Shizhe.A study on magnetic anomalies comparisons of seamounts in the eastern Subbasin of the South China Sea[J].Journal of Marine Sciences.2002,20(2):14-22.]
[16]鲍才旺,薛万俊.南海深海平原海山、海丘分布规律及形成环境[J].海洋学报,1993,15(6):83-90.[BAO Caiwang,XUE Wanjun.Distribution and formation environment of seamounts and seamounts in the deep sea plain of the South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanography.1993,15(6):83-90.]
[17]蔡周荣,刘维亮,万志峰等.南海北部新生代构造运动厘定及与油气成藏关系探讨[J].海洋通报,2010,29(2):161-165.[CAI Zhourong,LIU Weiliang,WAN Zhifeng et al.Determination of Cenozoic Tectonic Movement in the Northern South China Sea and the Relationship between oil-gas Reservoir and Tectonic Movement[J].Ocean Report,2010,29(2):161-165.]
[2]何起祥,张明书.中国西沙礁相地质[M].北京:科学出版社,1986:1-11.[HE Qixiang,ZHANG Mingshu.China Xisha Reef Phase Geology[M].Beijing:Science Press,1986:1-11.]
[3]业治铮,何起祥,张明书等.西沙群岛岛屿类型划分及其特征的研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1985,5(1):1-13.[YE Zhizhen,HE Qixiang,ZHANG Mingshu et al.Classification and characteristics of islands in the Xisha archipelago[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,1985,5(1):1-13.]
[4]王国忠,吕炳全,全松青.海南岛和西沙群岛现代珊瑚礁基本沉积相带[J].石油与天然气地质,1982,3(3):211-222.[WANG Guozhong,LU Bingquan,QUAN Songqing.The fundamental sedimentary facies of modern coral reefs in Hainan Island and Xisha Islands[J].Oil and Gas Geology,1982,3(3):211-222.]
[5]鲁银涛,王彬,吕福亮等.西沙周缘新生代构造演化与盆地充填响应特征[J].海洋科学.2013,37(3):70-76.[LU Yintao,WANG Bin,LU Fuliang et al.Tertiary tectonic movements and sediment characters in Basins of the Xisha Area[J].Ocean Science,2013,37(3):70-76.]
[6]孙嘉诗.西沙基底形成时代的商榷[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1987年,7(4):5-6.[SUN Jiashi.A Discussion on the Formation of Xisha Basement[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,1987,7(4):5-6.]
[7]曾鼎乾.西沙群岛调查及西永1井上第三系礁岩及储油物性的初步研究(1973,1979)[C]//曾鼎乾地质文选.湛江:南海石油西部公司印,1990:117-141.[ZENG Dingqian.Preliminary study on the investigation of the Xisha Islands and the Tertiary reef and oil storage properties in the Xiyong 1 well(1973,1979)[C]//Zeng Dinggan Geological Selection.Zhanjiang:Nanhai Petroleum West Company,1990:117-141]
[8]梁劲,沙志彬,陈弘.西太平洋MF海山磁异常特征及其地质解释[C]//南海地质研究.广州:广州海洋地质调查局信息资料所,2003:74-81.[LIANG Jin,SHA Zhibin,CHEN Hong.The Magnetism Anomaly and Its Geological Significance of Mf Seamount in West Pacific[C]//South China Sea Geology Research.Guangzhou:Information Institute of Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey,2003:74-81.]
[9]张峤,吴时国,吕福亮,等.南海西北陆坡火成岩体地震识别及分布规律[J].大地构造与成矿学,2014,38(4):919-938.[ZHANG Qiao,WU Shiguo,LU Fuliang,et al.The seismic characteristics and the distribution of the igneous rocks in the Northwestern slope of the south China Sea[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2014,38(4):919-938.]
[10]冯英辞,詹文欢,姚衍桃,等.西沙群岛礁区的地质构造及其活动性分析[J].热带海洋学报,2015,34(3):48-53.[FENG Yingci,ZHAN Wenhuan,YAO Yantao,et al.Analysis of tectonic movement and activity in the organic reef region around the Xisha Islands[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2015,34(3):48-53.]
[11] MA Yubo,WU Shiguo,LU Fuliang,et al.Seismic characteristics and development of the Xisha carbonate platforms,northern margin of the South China Sea[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2011,40(3):770-783.
[12]孙嘉诗.南海北部及广东沿海新生代火山活动[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质.1991,11(3):45-67.[SUN Jiashi.Cenozoic volcanic activity in the northern South China Sea and Guangdong coastal area[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology.1991,11(3):45-67.]
[13]阎贫,刘海龄.南海及其周缘中新生代火山活动时空特征与南海的形成模式[J].热带海洋学报,2005,24(2):33-42.[YAN Pin,LIU Hailin.The temporal and spatial characteristics of Mesozoic and Cenozoic volcanic activity of the South China Sea and its adjacent and the formation model of South China Sea[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2005,24(2):33-42.]
[14]陈洁,朱本铎,温宁,等.南海海岛海山的重磁响应特征[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(9):3152-3162.[CHEN Jie,ZHU Benduo,WEN Ning et al.Gravity-magnetic response of the islands and seamounts of South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(9):3152-3162.]
[15]金钟,徐世浙.南海东部海盆海山磁性对比[J].海洋学研究,2002,20(2):14-22.[JIN Zhong,XU Shizhe.A study on magnetic anomalies comparisons of seamounts in the eastern Subbasin of the South China Sea[J].Journal of Marine Sciences.2002,20(2):14-22.]
[16]鲍才旺,薛万俊.南海深海平原海山、海丘分布规律及形成环境[J].海洋学报,1993,15(6):83-90.[BAO Caiwang,XUE Wanjun.Distribution and formation environment of seamounts and seamounts in the deep sea plain of the South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanography.1993,15(6):83-90.]
[17]蔡周荣,刘维亮,万志峰等.南海北部新生代构造运动厘定及与油气成藏关系探讨[J].海洋通报,2010,29(2):161-165.[CAI Zhourong,LIU Weiliang,WAN Zhifeng et al.Determination of Cenozoic Tectonic Movement in the Northern South China Sea and the Relationship between oil-gas Reservoir and Tectonic Movement[J].Ocean Report,2010,29(2):161-165.]
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