江西省不同农田利用方式对土壤养分状况的影响
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摘要
为了全面掌握江西省土壤养分的状况,基于江西省16 823个农田耕层(0—20cm)土壤样点数据,运用实地采样、数理统计与地统计学等分析方法,对研究区不同农田利用方式(水旱轮作、一季旱地、两季旱地、一季水田和两季水田)下土壤养分含量进行了研究。结果表明:通过半方差函数研究发现,江西省土壤养分的空间变异主要是由随机因素引起的,耕层(0—20cm)土壤全氮(TN)和碱解氮(AN)含量分别为1.25～1.61g/kg,149.27～169.90mg/kg,全磷和有效磷含量为0.49～0.54g/kg和17.94～21.30mg/kg,全钾(TK)和速效钾含量为11.55～12.19g/kg和72.67～106.41mg/kg,有机质含量和土壤pH值为27.09～31.52g/kg,5.12～5.52;不同土地利用方式下土壤化学性质差异达到极显著水平,其影响程度由大到小依次为土壤pH值>全氮>速效钾>有机质>有效磷>碱解氮>全磷>全钾;Pearson相关性分析发现,土壤中有机质含量和与全氮、碱解氮、全钾、速效钾、有效磷含量以及pH值有显著(p<0.05)或极显著的相关性(p<0.01),相关系数分别为0.945,0.359,-0.014,0.033,0.028,0.061,-0.061,说明土壤有机质含量与其他养分含量关系密切,可以作为指示土壤肥力的敏感因子。研究结果对于江西省采取合理的土地利用方式、施肥方式以及提高土壤养分水平、土地生产力等方面具有极其重要的意义。
To better understand nutrient status of the soil in the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain area,based on16 823 Samples in Jiangxi Province,the effects of five land use types(paddy-upland rotation,single dry land,double dry land,single cropping paddy field and double cropping paddy field)on soil nutrients were studied through field survey,mathematical statistics analysis method and Geo-statistics analysis methods.The results showed that:Soil nutrient spatial variation in Jiangxi Province is mainly caused by random factors by semivariance function analysis.The contents of soil total nitrogen(TN),available nitrogen(AN),total phosphorus(TP),available phosphorus(AP),total potassium(TK),available potassium(AK),soil organic matter(SOM)and pH value were 1.25～1.61 g/kg,149.27～169.90 mg/kg,0.49～0.54 g/kg,17.94～21.30 mg/kg,11.55～12.19 g/kg,72.67～106.41 mg/kg,27.09～31.52 g/kg and 5.12～5.52,respectively;the soil chemical properties under difference land use types were highly significant,the effect degrees of soil nutrients decreased in the order:soil pH value>TN>AK>SOM>AP>AN>TP>TK;Pearson coefficients analysis among soil nutrient found that the SOM and pH value had the significant(p<0.05)or very significant correlation(p<0.01)with TN,AN,AP,TK and AK.The correlation analysis showed that SOM content was closely related to TN,AN,AP,TK and AK,their relative coefficients were 0.945,0.359,-0.014,0.033,0.028,0.061,-0.061,respectively,and could be a sensitive indicator factor on soil fertility.The results are of extremely important significance in planning reasonable land use types,using fertilization modes and improving the level of soil nutrients,land productivity for Jiangxi Province.
To better understand nutrient status of the soil in the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain area,based on16 823 Samples in Jiangxi Province,the effects of five land use types(paddy-upland rotation,single dry land,double dry land,single cropping paddy field and double cropping paddy field)on soil nutrients were studied through field survey,mathematical statistics analysis method and Geo-statistics analysis methods.The results showed that:Soil nutrient spatial variation in Jiangxi Province is mainly caused by random factors by semivariance function analysis.The contents of soil total nitrogen(TN),available nitrogen(AN),total phosphorus(TP),available phosphorus(AP),total potassium(TK),available potassium(AK),soil organic matter(SOM)and pH value were 1.25～1.61 g/kg,149.27～169.90 mg/kg,0.49～0.54 g/kg,17.94～21.30 mg/kg,11.55～12.19 g/kg,72.67～106.41 mg/kg,27.09～31.52 g/kg and 5.12～5.52,respectively;the soil chemical properties under difference land use types were highly significant,the effect degrees of soil nutrients decreased in the order:soil pH value>TN>AK>SOM>AP>AN>TP>TK;Pearson coefficients analysis among soil nutrient found that the SOM and pH value had the significant(p<0.05)or very significant correlation(p<0.01)with TN,AN,AP,TK and AK.The correlation analysis showed that SOM content was closely related to TN,AN,AP,TK and AK,their relative coefficients were 0.945,0.359,-0.014,0.033,0.028,0.061,-0.061,respectively,and could be a sensitive indicator factor on soil fertility.The results are of extremely important significance in planning reasonable land use types,using fertilization modes and improving the level of soil nutrients,land productivity for Jiangxi Province.
引文
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[7]王雪梅,柴仲平,杨雪峰.荒漠绿洲区不同土地利用方式下土壤养分差异分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(1):91-96.
[8]黄先飞,周运超,张珍明.喀斯特石漠化区不同土地利用方式下土壤有机碳分布特征[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(5):215-221.
[9]Yang Y H,Fang J Y,Guo D L,et al.Vertical patterns of soil carbon,nitrogen and carbon:nitrogen stoichiometry in Tibetan grasslands[J].Biogeosciences Discussions,2010,25(5):549-560.
[10]王宗明,张柏,宋开山,等.不同利用方式对松嫩平原典型县耕地土壤养分状况的影响[J].生态环境,2008,17(2):704-707.
[11]张仲胜,吕宪国,薛振山,等.中国湿地土壤碳氮磷生态化学计量学特征研究[J].土壤学报,2016,53(5):1160-1169.
[12]张佳慧,王兴昌,王传宽.帽儿山温带森林演替初期土壤碳、氮、磷计量特征的变化[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(10):3189-3195.
[13]Ma J,Li L H,Guo L P,et al.Variation in soil nutrients in grasslands along the Kunes River in Xinjiang,China[J].Chemistry&Ecology,2015,31(2):111-122.
[14]汤爱坤,刘汝海,许廖奇,等.昌邑海洋生态特别保护区土壤养分的空间异质性与植物群落的分布[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(3):88-93.
[15]赵小敏,邵华,石庆华,等.近30年江西省耕地土壤全氮含量时空变化特征[J].土壤学报,2015,52(4):723-730.
[16]欧阳玲,王宗明,贾明明,等.基于遥感的吉林省中西部耕地数量和质量空间格局变化分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(13):234-242.
[17]江西省土地利用管理局,江西省土壤普查办公室.江西土壤[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1991.
[18]李秀娟,赵庚星,李涛,等.山东青州市耕地利用方式对土壤养分状况影响研究[J].地域研究与开发,2005,24(3):107-111.
[19]唐国勇,彭佩钦,苏以荣,等.洞庭湖区不同利用方式下农田土壤有机碳含量特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2006,15(2):219-222.
[20]刘占仁,王立志.不同土地利用方式对土壤养分及肥力的影响[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(6):72-76.
[21]黄昌勇.土壤学[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[22]黄国勤,张桃林,赵其国.中国南方耕作制度[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1997.
[23]张晗,赵小敏,朱美青,等.近30年南方丘陵山区耕地土壤养分时空演变特征:以江西省为例[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(2):58-65.
[24]张世熔,黄元仿,李保国,等.黄淮海冲积平原区土壤有机质时空变异特征[J].生态学报,2002,22(12):2041-2047.
[25]秦川,何丙辉,蒋先军.三峡库区不同土地利用方式下土壤养分含量特征研究[J].草业学报,2016,25(9):10-19.
[2]石孝均.水旱轮作体系中的养分循环特征[D].北京:中国农业大学,2003.
[3]王飞,王卫,陈安磊,等.红壤坡地不同土地利用方式下表层土壤活性碳、氮特征[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(2):215-220.
[4]张宏,刘建军.黄土沟壑区不同土地利用方式下土壤养分及其与土壤颗粒组成关系[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(11):80-85.
[5]胡玉福,邓良基,张世熔,等.川中丘陵区不同利用方式的土壤养分特征研究[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(6):75-78.
[6]张国平,郭澎涛,王正银,等.紫色土丘陵地区农田土壤养分空间分布预测[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(6):113-120.
[7]王雪梅,柴仲平,杨雪峰.荒漠绿洲区不同土地利用方式下土壤养分差异分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(1):91-96.
[8]黄先飞,周运超,张珍明.喀斯特石漠化区不同土地利用方式下土壤有机碳分布特征[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(5):215-221.
[9]Yang Y H,Fang J Y,Guo D L,et al.Vertical patterns of soil carbon,nitrogen and carbon:nitrogen stoichiometry in Tibetan grasslands[J].Biogeosciences Discussions,2010,25(5):549-560.
[10]王宗明,张柏,宋开山,等.不同利用方式对松嫩平原典型县耕地土壤养分状况的影响[J].生态环境,2008,17(2):704-707.
[11]张仲胜,吕宪国,薛振山,等.中国湿地土壤碳氮磷生态化学计量学特征研究[J].土壤学报,2016,53(5):1160-1169.
[12]张佳慧,王兴昌,王传宽.帽儿山温带森林演替初期土壤碳、氮、磷计量特征的变化[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(10):3189-3195.
[13]Ma J,Li L H,Guo L P,et al.Variation in soil nutrients in grasslands along the Kunes River in Xinjiang,China[J].Chemistry&Ecology,2015,31(2):111-122.
[14]汤爱坤,刘汝海,许廖奇,等.昌邑海洋生态特别保护区土壤养分的空间异质性与植物群落的分布[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(3):88-93.
[15]赵小敏,邵华,石庆华,等.近30年江西省耕地土壤全氮含量时空变化特征[J].土壤学报,2015,52(4):723-730.
[16]欧阳玲,王宗明,贾明明,等.基于遥感的吉林省中西部耕地数量和质量空间格局变化分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(13):234-242.
[17]江西省土地利用管理局,江西省土壤普查办公室.江西土壤[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1991.
[18]李秀娟,赵庚星,李涛,等.山东青州市耕地利用方式对土壤养分状况影响研究[J].地域研究与开发,2005,24(3):107-111.
[19]唐国勇,彭佩钦,苏以荣,等.洞庭湖区不同利用方式下农田土壤有机碳含量特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2006,15(2):219-222.
[20]刘占仁,王立志.不同土地利用方式对土壤养分及肥力的影响[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(6):72-76.
[21]黄昌勇.土壤学[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[22]黄国勤,张桃林,赵其国.中国南方耕作制度[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1997.
[23]张晗,赵小敏,朱美青,等.近30年南方丘陵山区耕地土壤养分时空演变特征:以江西省为例[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(2):58-65.
[24]张世熔,黄元仿,李保国,等.黄淮海冲积平原区土壤有机质时空变异特征[J].生态学报,2002,22(12):2041-2047.
[25]秦川,何丙辉,蒋先军.三峡库区不同土地利用方式下土壤养分含量特征研究[J].草业学报,2016,25(9):10-19.
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