木薯和花生间作对Cd吸收及根区速效养分的影响
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摘要
木薯(Manihot esculenta Crantz)是热带和亚热带广泛种植的大生物量能源植物,在污染土壤上具有较强的生物修复潜力,花生(Arachis hypogaea)对土壤Cd具有很强的富集能力.木薯与花生间作可充分利用光热水资源,具有良好的间作优势,是近年来我国南方红壤坡耕地生态种植模式.为了解木薯与花生间作对土壤Cd吸收及根区速效养分的影响,在重金属Cd污染的小区进行了木薯单作、花生单作、木薯与花生间作的比较试验.结果表明,木薯与花生间作的产量土地当量比(LER)大于1,土地利用率提高了87.0%.与木薯单作相比,间作下木薯茎和叶w(Cd)分别降低了12.24%和19.51%,二者呈显著性差异(P<0.05),花生籽粒w(Cd)降低了35.38%,与单作花生差异显著(P<0.05).与单作下木薯和花生相比,花生、木薯总富集系数分别降低了16.32%、12.45%,间作系统对每hm~2土地上Cd的富集量分别提高了10.72%、113.76%;间作下花生根区土壤w(速效氮)、w(速效磷)分别提高了18.85%、20.36%,木薯根区土壤w(速效氮)提高了21.00%,与单作下花生和木薯相比均呈显著性差异(P<0.05).研究显示,木薯与花生间作可提高土壤根区速效养分含量,促进作物生长,在提高作物生物量、降低作物各部位单位Cd含量的同时,可提高间作系统对土壤Cd的富集量,这种间作方式对实现两种能源植物生态修复及经济效益的整合具有重要意义.
Cassava(Manihot esculenta Crantz)is an energy plant with large biomass and has great potential in bioremediation of contaminated soil.It is widely cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions.Peanut(Arachis hypogaea)has great capability for enrichment of Cd in soil.The intercropping of cassava and peanut is a popular farming pattern in the slope land of southern China.It can make better use of light,heat as well as water resources,and hence have higher land use efficiency and higher yield.In order to understand its effects on absorption of Cd and on available nutrient in rhizosphere soil,three planting treatments were carried out in the field plot contaminated by Cd.The treatments included cassava monocropping(CM),peanut monocropping(PM),and cassava-peanut intercropping(CPI).The results showed that the land use ratio(LER)of CPI reached 1.87.Compared with monocropping,the content of Cd in stems and leaves of intercropped cassavas were significantly(P<0.05)reduced by 12.24%and 19.51%,respectively,while the content of Cd in the seeds of intercropped peanuts reduced significantly by 35.38%(P<0.05).The total enrichment coefficient of peanut was reduced by 16.32%,while it reduced by 12.45%in cassava.However,for the total accumulated amount of Cd per hectare in the treatment of CPI increased 10.72%compared with CM and 113.76%compared with PM.The available nitrogen and available phosphorus in rhizosphere soil of peanut in CPI were increased significantly(P<0.05)by 18.85%and 20.36%compared with PM,and the available nitrogen in rhizosphere soil of cassava were significantly increased by 21.00%(P<0.05)compared with CM.Therefore,CPI could increase soil available nutrient contents,promote crops growth,reduce Cd content in plants,and increase the total Cd phytoextraction from soil at the same time.This intercropping system can well realize both the ecology and economy benefits.
Cassava(Manihot esculenta Crantz)is an energy plant with large biomass and has great potential in bioremediation of contaminated soil.It is widely cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions.Peanut(Arachis hypogaea)has great capability for enrichment of Cd in soil.The intercropping of cassava and peanut is a popular farming pattern in the slope land of southern China.It can make better use of light,heat as well as water resources,and hence have higher land use efficiency and higher yield.In order to understand its effects on absorption of Cd and on available nutrient in rhizosphere soil,three planting treatments were carried out in the field plot contaminated by Cd.The treatments included cassava monocropping(CM),peanut monocropping(PM),and cassava-peanut intercropping(CPI).The results showed that the land use ratio(LER)of CPI reached 1.87.Compared with monocropping,the content of Cd in stems and leaves of intercropped cassavas were significantly(P<0.05)reduced by 12.24%and 19.51%,respectively,while the content of Cd in the seeds of intercropped peanuts reduced significantly by 35.38%(P<0.05).The total enrichment coefficient of peanut was reduced by 16.32%,while it reduced by 12.45%in cassava.However,for the total accumulated amount of Cd per hectare in the treatment of CPI increased 10.72%compared with CM and 113.76%compared with PM.The available nitrogen and available phosphorus in rhizosphere soil of peanut in CPI were increased significantly(P<0.05)by 18.85%and 20.36%compared with PM,and the available nitrogen in rhizosphere soil of cassava were significantly increased by 21.00%(P<0.05)compared with CM.Therefore,CPI could increase soil available nutrient contents,promote crops growth,reduce Cd content in plants,and increase the total Cd phytoextraction from soil at the same time.This intercropping system can well realize both the ecology and economy benefits.
引文
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[11]韩全辉,黄洁,刘子凡,等.木薯花生间作对花生光合性能、产量和品质的影响[J].广东农业科学,2014(13):13-16.HAN Quanhui,HUANG Jie,LIU Zifan,et al.Effects of cassavapeanut intercroping on photosynthetic characters,yield and quality of peanut[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2014(13):13-16.
[12]BETENCOURT E,DUPUTEL M,COLOM B,et al.Intercropping promotes the ability of durum wheat and chickpea to increase rhizosphere phosphorus availability in a low P soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2012,46(3):181-190.
[13]KORZENIOWSKA J,STANISLAWSKA-GLUBIAK E.Phytoremediation potential of Miscanthus×giganteus and Spartina pectinata in soil contaminated with heavy metals[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22:11648-11657.
[14]聂发辉.关于超富集植物的新理解[J].生态环境,2005,14(1):136-138.NIE Fahui.New comprehensions of hyperaccumulator[J].Ecology and Environment,2005,14(1):136-138.
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[16]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:42-107.
[17]胡飞龙,高倩圆,房静,等.木薯花生间作系统的生态稳定性研究[J].土壤,2012,44(2):338-344.HU Feilong,GAO Qianyuan,FANG Jing,et al.Study on ecological stability of cassava-peanut intercropping[J].Soils,2012,44(2):338-344.
[18]熊军,闫海锋,韦绍丽,等.木薯+花生间作对作物光合特性、农艺性状和产量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(6):165-168.
[19]安玲瑶.作物间作对重金属吸收的影响及其机制的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.
[20]吴华杰,李隆,张福锁.水稻小麦间作中种间相互作用对镉吸收的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2003(5):43-47.WU Huajie,LI Long,ZHANG Fusuo.The influence of interspecific interactions on Cd uptake by rice and wheat intercropping[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2003(5):43-47.
[21]刘领.种间根际相互作用下植物对土壤重金属污染的响应特征及其机理研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2011.
[22]申时立,黎华寿,夏北成,等.大生物量植物治理重金属重度污染废弃地可行性的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(3):572-578.SHEN Shili,LI Huashou,XIA Beicheng,et al.A field experiment on phytoextraction of heavy metals from highly contaminated soil using big biomass plants of Sauropus androgynus and Manihot sp.[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2013,32(3):572-578.
[23]罗子峰,周峰平,高岐.花生农作物对污染土壤中重金属镉的富集研究[J].广州化工,2016,44(2):132-133.LUO Zifeng,ZHOU Fengping,GAO Qi.Research on the enrichment of cadmium in contaminated soil by peanut crops[J].Guangzhou Chemical Industry,2016,44(2):132-133.
[24]唐秀梅,钟瑞春,蒋菁,等.木薯花生间作对根际土壤微生态的影响[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2015,34(1):117-124.TANG Xiumei,ZHONG Ruichun,JIANG Jing,et al.The effect of cassavapeanut intercropping on microecology in rhizosphere soil[J].Genomics and Applied Biology,2015,34(1):117-124.
[25]谭建波,湛方栋,刘宁宁,等.续断菊与蚕豆间作下土壤部分化学特征与Cd形态分布状况研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(1):53-60.TAN Jianbo,ZHAN Fangdong,LIU Ningning,et al.Soil chemical properties and Cd form distribution in Vicia faba and Sonchus asper intercropping system[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2016,35(1):53-60.
[26]INAL A,GUNES A,ZHANG F,et al.Peanutmaize intercropping induced changes in rhizosphere and nutrient concentrations in shoots[J].Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2007,45(5):350-356.
[27]LI Long,LI Shumin,SUN Jianhao,et al.Diversity enhance agricultural productivity via rhizophere phosphorus facilitation on phosphorus-deficient soils[J].Proceedings of the National Acadmy of Science of the United States of America,2007,104(27):11192-11196.
[28]古一帆,何明,李进玲,等.上海奉贤区土壤理化性质与重金属含量的关系[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学),2009,28(6):601-605.GU Yifan,HE Ming,LI Jinling,et al.Correlation between contents of heavy metals and physical-chemical properties of agricultural soils in Fengxian,Shanghai[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Agricultural Science),2009,28(6):601-605.
[29]王宇蕴,郑毅,汤利.不同抗性小麦品种与蚕豆间作对小麦根际速效养分含量的影响[J].土壤通报,2012,43(2):466-471.WANG Yuyun,ZHENG Yi,TANG Li.Effects of intercropping with different risistant whest varieties and faba beans on available nutrient concent in the rhizosphere[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2012,43(2):466-471.
[30]DAHMARDEH M,GHANBARI A,SYAHSAR B A,et al.The role of intercropping maize(Zea mays L.)and Cowpea(Vigna unguiculata L.)on tield and soil chemical properties[J].African Journal of Agricultural Research,2010,5(8):631-636.
[31]滕维超.油茶农作物间作系统生理生态及经济效益评价[D].南京:南京林业大学,2013.
[32]赵志强,牛军峰,全燮.环境中有害金属植物修复的生理机制及进展[J].环境科学研究,2000,13(5):54-57.ZHAO Zhiqiang,NIU Junfeng,QUAN Xie.Progress in phytoremediation of toxic metals from the environment[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2000,13(5):54-57.
[33]ANJUM N A,UMAR S,IQBAL M.Assessment of cadmium accumulation,toxicity,and tolerance in Brassicaceae and Fabaceae plants:implications for phytoremediation[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2014,21(17):10286-10293.
[2]李晓婧,郑向群,郑顺安.叶菜对Cd的富集特征及敏感性分布[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(5):720-727.LI Xiaojing,ZHENG Xiangqun,ZHENG Shun'an.Accumulation and sensitivity distribution of cadmium in leafy vegetables[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2017,30(5):720-727.
[3]ZHUANG P,YANG Q W,WANG H B,et al.Phytoextraction of heavy metals by eight plant species in the field[J].Water,Air&Soil Pollution,2007,184(1234):235-242.
[4]黄占斌,孙在金.环境材料在农业生产及其环境治理中的应用[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(1):88-95.HUANG Zhanbin,SUN Zaijin.Application of environmental materials in agricultural production and environmental treatment[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2013,21(1):88-95.
[5]CHERIAN S,OLIVEIRA M M.Transgenic plants in phytoremediation:recent advances and new possibilities[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2005,39(24):9377-9390.
[6]OKUFOH V,TROIS C,WORKNEH T,et al.The potential of cassava biomass and applicable technologies for sustainable biogas production in South Africa:a review[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2014,39(6):1035-1052.
[7]JORGETTOA A O,SILVAA R I V,SARKI M J,et al.Cassava root husks powder as green adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II)from natural river water[J].Applied Surface Science,2014,288(1):356-362.
[8]陈秀玲,张磊.小麦花生不同间作方式对花生吸收积累Cd的影响[J].环境化学,2014,33(9):1469-1475.CHEN Xiuling,ZHANG Lei.Influence on cadmium uptake by peanut of wheatpeanut intercropping mods[J].Environmental Chemistry,2014,33(9):1469-1475.
[9]唐秀梅,钟瑞春,揭红科,等.间作花生对木薯碳氮代谢产物及关键酶活性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(3):94-98.TANG Xiumei,ZHONG Ruichun,JIE Hongke,et al.Effect of interplanting peanut on metabolites and key enzyme activities of carbon-nitrogen metabolism of cassava[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(3):94-98.
[10]LIN Hongxin,YUAN Zhanqi,LIU Rengen,et al.Effect of different intercropping modes on growth,yields and economic benefit of cassava and peanut in symbiotic period[J].Agricultural Science&Technology,2016(9):2017-2021.
[11]韩全辉,黄洁,刘子凡,等.木薯花生间作对花生光合性能、产量和品质的影响[J].广东农业科学,2014(13):13-16.HAN Quanhui,HUANG Jie,LIU Zifan,et al.Effects of cassavapeanut intercroping on photosynthetic characters,yield and quality of peanut[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2014(13):13-16.
[12]BETENCOURT E,DUPUTEL M,COLOM B,et al.Intercropping promotes the ability of durum wheat and chickpea to increase rhizosphere phosphorus availability in a low P soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2012,46(3):181-190.
[13]KORZENIOWSKA J,STANISLAWSKA-GLUBIAK E.Phytoremediation potential of Miscanthus×giganteus and Spartina pectinata in soil contaminated with heavy metals[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22:11648-11657.
[14]聂发辉.关于超富集植物的新理解[J].生态环境,2005,14(1):136-138.NIE Fahui.New comprehensions of hyperaccumulator[J].Ecology and Environment,2005,14(1):136-138.
[15]WILLEY R W.Intercropping-its importance and research needs:Part II.agronomy and research approaches[J].Field Crops Abstract,1979,32:73-85.
[16]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:42-107.
[17]胡飞龙,高倩圆,房静,等.木薯花生间作系统的生态稳定性研究[J].土壤,2012,44(2):338-344.HU Feilong,GAO Qianyuan,FANG Jing,et al.Study on ecological stability of cassava-peanut intercropping[J].Soils,2012,44(2):338-344.
[18]熊军,闫海锋,韦绍丽,等.木薯+花生间作对作物光合特性、农艺性状和产量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(6):165-168.
[19]安玲瑶.作物间作对重金属吸收的影响及其机制的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.
[20]吴华杰,李隆,张福锁.水稻小麦间作中种间相互作用对镉吸收的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2003(5):43-47.WU Huajie,LI Long,ZHANG Fusuo.The influence of interspecific interactions on Cd uptake by rice and wheat intercropping[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2003(5):43-47.
[21]刘领.种间根际相互作用下植物对土壤重金属污染的响应特征及其机理研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2011.
[22]申时立,黎华寿,夏北成,等.大生物量植物治理重金属重度污染废弃地可行性的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(3):572-578.SHEN Shili,LI Huashou,XIA Beicheng,et al.A field experiment on phytoextraction of heavy metals from highly contaminated soil using big biomass plants of Sauropus androgynus and Manihot sp.[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2013,32(3):572-578.
[23]罗子峰,周峰平,高岐.花生农作物对污染土壤中重金属镉的富集研究[J].广州化工,2016,44(2):132-133.LUO Zifeng,ZHOU Fengping,GAO Qi.Research on the enrichment of cadmium in contaminated soil by peanut crops[J].Guangzhou Chemical Industry,2016,44(2):132-133.
[24]唐秀梅,钟瑞春,蒋菁,等.木薯花生间作对根际土壤微生态的影响[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2015,34(1):117-124.TANG Xiumei,ZHONG Ruichun,JIANG Jing,et al.The effect of cassavapeanut intercropping on microecology in rhizosphere soil[J].Genomics and Applied Biology,2015,34(1):117-124.
[25]谭建波,湛方栋,刘宁宁,等.续断菊与蚕豆间作下土壤部分化学特征与Cd形态分布状况研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(1):53-60.TAN Jianbo,ZHAN Fangdong,LIU Ningning,et al.Soil chemical properties and Cd form distribution in Vicia faba and Sonchus asper intercropping system[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2016,35(1):53-60.
[26]INAL A,GUNES A,ZHANG F,et al.Peanutmaize intercropping induced changes in rhizosphere and nutrient concentrations in shoots[J].Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2007,45(5):350-356.
[27]LI Long,LI Shumin,SUN Jianhao,et al.Diversity enhance agricultural productivity via rhizophere phosphorus facilitation on phosphorus-deficient soils[J].Proceedings of the National Acadmy of Science of the United States of America,2007,104(27):11192-11196.
[28]古一帆,何明,李进玲,等.上海奉贤区土壤理化性质与重金属含量的关系[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学),2009,28(6):601-605.GU Yifan,HE Ming,LI Jinling,et al.Correlation between contents of heavy metals and physical-chemical properties of agricultural soils in Fengxian,Shanghai[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Agricultural Science),2009,28(6):601-605.
[29]王宇蕴,郑毅,汤利.不同抗性小麦品种与蚕豆间作对小麦根际速效养分含量的影响[J].土壤通报,2012,43(2):466-471.WANG Yuyun,ZHENG Yi,TANG Li.Effects of intercropping with different risistant whest varieties and faba beans on available nutrient concent in the rhizosphere[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2012,43(2):466-471.
[30]DAHMARDEH M,GHANBARI A,SYAHSAR B A,et al.The role of intercropping maize(Zea mays L.)and Cowpea(Vigna unguiculata L.)on tield and soil chemical properties[J].African Journal of Agricultural Research,2010,5(8):631-636.
[31]滕维超.油茶农作物间作系统生理生态及经济效益评价[D].南京:南京林业大学,2013.
[32]赵志强,牛军峰,全燮.环境中有害金属植物修复的生理机制及进展[J].环境科学研究,2000,13(5):54-57.ZHAO Zhiqiang,NIU Junfeng,QUAN Xie.Progress in phytoremediation of toxic metals from the environment[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2000,13(5):54-57.
[33]ANJUM N A,UMAR S,IQBAL M.Assessment of cadmium accumulation,toxicity,and tolerance in Brassicaceae and Fabaceae plants:implications for phytoremediation[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2014,21(17):10286-10293.