种粮大户环境友好型技术选择的关联效应与决策机制——基于联立双变量Probit模型的实证分析
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摘要
近年来,鄱阳湖流域的农业面源污染呈加剧趋势,研究鄱阳湖流域种粮大户对环境友好型技术选择的关联效应与决策机制,对于促进农业绿色发展行动、实施乡村振兴战略具有重要意义。以测土配方施肥和秸秆还田技术为例,构建联立双变量Probit模型,对鄱阳湖流域333个种粮大户样本进行了实证分析。研究结果表明:种粮大户对测土配方施肥和秸秆还田技术两种环境友好型技术之间的选择存在显著的互补效应;相比个人特征和家庭特征变量,社会资本变量和技术信息变量对种粮大户采用环境友好型技术的影响更显著,其中拥有非农就业经历和村干部身份的种粮大户对环境友好型技术的概率会增加;容易获取农技员的技术指导服务,或者从电视、网络等渠道获取农业技术信息均对种粮大户采用环境友好型技术具有促进作用;土地经营面积对种粮大户选择测土配方施肥技术具有显著影响,但影响并非单调一致的,而是呈现显著的倒"U"型关系。为此,提出在环境友好型技术推广过程中需要考虑技术选择之间的互补性以及土地规模边界问题,同时注重利用农户间的社会关系网络,调动种粮大户在环境友好型技术推广中的示范作用,提高环境友好型技术推广政策的精准性和效率。
In recent years,agricultural non-point source pollution in Poyang Lake Basin has been aggravating.Studying the correlation effects and decision-making mechanisms of large scale grain producers' adoption of environmental-friendly technologies is of great significance to the promotion of green agricultural development and the implementation of rural revitalization strategy.Taking formula fertilization and straw returning technology for example,aBivariateProbit model is used to empirically analyze the data of 333 large scale grain producers in Poyang Lake Basin in Jiangxi province.Results show thatlarge scale grain producers' adoption decisions of environmental-friendly technologies are interrelated.There aresignificant complementary relationships between formula fertilization and straw returning technology.Compared with personal characteristics and family characteristics variables,social capital variables and technological information variables have more significant impacts on large scale grain producers' adoption of environmental-friendly technologies.Among which,large scale grain producers with non-agricultural employment experience and village cadre status are more likely to select environmental-friendly technologies.Technical guidance services from agricultural technicians,or acquiring agricultural technical information from TV,Internet,and other channels,have positive effects on large scale grain producers' adoption of environmental-friendly technologies.Operated farm size has a significant impact on large scale grain producers' adoption of cultivated land protection technologies,and the impact is not monotonous.Operated farm size shows a significant inverted "U" relationship with formula fertilization technology.It is proposed that the complementarity of environmental-friendly technologies and the issue of farm size boundaries need to be considered in the process of extending environmental-friendly technologies.At the same time,it should focus on utilizing the social network among farmers and mobilize the demonstration role of large scale grain producers in the promotion of environmental-friendly technologies.Additionally,emphasis should be placed onimproving the accuracy and efficiency of environmental-friendly technology extension policies.
In recent years,agricultural non-point source pollution in Poyang Lake Basin has been aggravating.Studying the correlation effects and decision-making mechanisms of large scale grain producers' adoption of environmental-friendly technologies is of great significance to the promotion of green agricultural development and the implementation of rural revitalization strategy.Taking formula fertilization and straw returning technology for example,aBivariateProbit model is used to empirically analyze the data of 333 large scale grain producers in Poyang Lake Basin in Jiangxi province.Results show thatlarge scale grain producers' adoption decisions of environmental-friendly technologies are interrelated.There aresignificant complementary relationships between formula fertilization and straw returning technology.Compared with personal characteristics and family characteristics variables,social capital variables and technological information variables have more significant impacts on large scale grain producers' adoption of environmental-friendly technologies.Among which,large scale grain producers with non-agricultural employment experience and village cadre status are more likely to select environmental-friendly technologies.Technical guidance services from agricultural technicians,or acquiring agricultural technical information from TV,Internet,and other channels,have positive effects on large scale grain producers' adoption of environmental-friendly technologies.Operated farm size has a significant impact on large scale grain producers' adoption of cultivated land protection technologies,and the impact is not monotonous.Operated farm size shows a significant inverted "U" relationship with formula fertilization technology.It is proposed that the complementarity of environmental-friendly technologies and the issue of farm size boundaries need to be considered in the process of extending environmental-friendly technologies.At the same time,it should focus on utilizing the social network among farmers and mobilize the demonstration role of large scale grain producers in the promotion of environmental-friendly technologies.Additionally,emphasis should be placed onimproving the accuracy and efficiency of environmental-friendly technology extension policies.
引文
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[15]韩洪云,杨增旭.农户测土配方施肥技术采纳行为研究——基于山东省枣庄市薛城区农户调研数据[J].中国农业科学,2011(4):4962-4970.
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[19]褚彩虹,冯淑怡,张蔚文.农户采用环境友好型农业技术行为的实证分析——以有机肥与测土配方施肥技术为例[J].中国农村经济,2012(3):68-77.
[20]农业部.全国承包耕地流转比例已超过三分之一[EB/OL].http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2016-11/17/ c_1119933443.htm
[21]Greene W H.Econometric analysis[M].Granite Hill Publishers,2008.
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[23]Khanna M.Sequential adoption of site-specific technologies and its implication for nitrogen productivity:a double selectivity model[J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2001,83(1):35-51.
[24]林毅夫.制度、技术与农业发展[M].上海:上海三联书店,1994:159-178.
[25]刘乐,张娇,张崇尚,等.经营规模的扩大有助于农户采取环境友好型生产行为吗?——以秸秆还田为例[J].农业技术经济,2017(5):17-26.
[26]郭铖,魏枫.社会资本对农户技术采纳行为的影响[J].管理学刊,2015,28(6):30-38.
[27]Nowak P J.The adoption of agricultural conservation technologies:economic and diffusion explanations[J].Rural Sociology,1987,52(2):208-220.
[28]Thangata P H,Alavalapati J R.Agroforestry adoption in southern Malawi:the case of mixed intercropping of gliricidiasepium and maize[J].Agricultural Systems,2003,78:57-71.
[29]高启杰.农业技术推广中的农民行为研究[J].农业科技管理,2000(1):28-30.
[30]秦明,范焱红,王志刚.社会资本对农户测土配方施肥技术采纳行为的影响——来自吉林省703份农户调查的经验证据[J].湖南农业大学学报:社会科学版,2016,17(6):14-20.
[31]Bourdieu P.The social space and the genesis of groups[J].Theory & Society,1985,14(6):723-744.
(1)注:参照各省对种粮大户的认定标准,本研究的种粮大户的划分标准是粮食种植面积等于或者超过50亩。
(2)注:由于每个村庄的种粮大户数量较少,所以本次调研并未在样本乡(镇)下面抽取样本村庄,而是直接抽取种粮大户样本。
[2]Guo J H,Liu X J,Zhang Y,et al.Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands[J].Nature,2010,327:1008-1010.
[3]赵其国,吴志东,张桃林.我国东南红壤丘陵地区农业持续发展和生态坏境建设:Ⅰ.优势、潜力和问题[J].土壤,1998,113(3):113-120.
[4]于天一,孙秀山,石程仁,等.土壤酸化危害及防治技术研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(11):3137-3143.
[5]郭朝晖,黄昌勇,廖柏寒.模拟酸雨对污染土壤中Cd、Cu和Zn释放及其形态转化的影响[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(9):1547-1550.
[6]蔡荣.农业化学品投入状况及其对环境的影响[J].中国人口、资源与环境,2010,20(3):107-110.
[7]农业部.关于全国耕地质量等级情况的公报(农业部公报[2014]1号)[R].2014年12月17日.
[8]农业部.耕地轮作休耕制度试点进展情况发布会[EB/OL].http://www.moa.gov.cn/hdllm/zbft/gdhzxzdsdjz/.
[9]我国耕地基础地力下降明显[N].中国农资,2014-05-23(3).
[10]高云宪,高贤彪,梁晓辉.肥料施用技术与农业可持续发展[J].中国农村经济,1999(10):28-33.
[11]闫湘,金继运,何萍,梁鸣早.提高肥料利用率技术研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(2):450-459.
[12]李太平,张锋,胡浩.中国化肥面源污染EKC验证及其驱动因素[J].中国人口、资源与环境,2011,21(11):118-123.
[13]Nunez J,Mccann L.Crop Farmers’ Willingness to Use Manure[C].selected paper for American Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting,Denver,Colorado,2004.
[14]陈美球,冯黎妮,周丙娟,等.农户耕地保护性投入意愿的实证分析[J].中国农村观察,2008(5):23-29.
[15]韩洪云,杨增旭.农户测土配方施肥技术采纳行为研究——基于山东省枣庄市薛城区农户调研数据[J].中国农业科学,2011(4):4962-4970.
[16]颜廷武,张童朝,何可,张俊彪.作物秸秆还田利用的农户决策行为研究——基于皖鲁等七省的调查[J].农业经济问题,2017(4):39-50.
[17]杨志海,王雅鹏,麦尔旦·吐尔孙.农户耕地质量保护性投入行为及其影响因素分析——基于兼业分化视角[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,12(25):105-112.
[18]李卫,薛彩霞,姚顺波,朱瑞祥.农户保护性耕作技术采用行为及其影响因素——基于黄土高原476户农户的分析[J].中国农村经济,2017(1):44-59.
[19]褚彩虹,冯淑怡,张蔚文.农户采用环境友好型农业技术行为的实证分析——以有机肥与测土配方施肥技术为例[J].中国农村经济,2012(3):68-77.
[20]农业部.全国承包耕地流转比例已超过三分之一[EB/OL].http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2016-11/17/ c_1119933443.htm
[21]Greene W H.Econometric analysis[M].Granite Hill Publishers,2008.
[22]Burton R J.The influence of farmer demographic characteristics on environment behavior:a review[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2014,135(3):19-26.
[23]Khanna M.Sequential adoption of site-specific technologies and its implication for nitrogen productivity:a double selectivity model[J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2001,83(1):35-51.
[24]林毅夫.制度、技术与农业发展[M].上海:上海三联书店,1994:159-178.
[25]刘乐,张娇,张崇尚,等.经营规模的扩大有助于农户采取环境友好型生产行为吗?——以秸秆还田为例[J].农业技术经济,2017(5):17-26.
[26]郭铖,魏枫.社会资本对农户技术采纳行为的影响[J].管理学刊,2015,28(6):30-38.
[27]Nowak P J.The adoption of agricultural conservation technologies:economic and diffusion explanations[J].Rural Sociology,1987,52(2):208-220.
[28]Thangata P H,Alavalapati J R.Agroforestry adoption in southern Malawi:the case of mixed intercropping of gliricidiasepium and maize[J].Agricultural Systems,2003,78:57-71.
[29]高启杰.农业技术推广中的农民行为研究[J].农业科技管理,2000(1):28-30.
[30]秦明,范焱红,王志刚.社会资本对农户测土配方施肥技术采纳行为的影响——来自吉林省703份农户调查的经验证据[J].湖南农业大学学报:社会科学版,2016,17(6):14-20.
[31]Bourdieu P.The social space and the genesis of groups[J].Theory & Society,1985,14(6):723-744.
(1)注:参照各省对种粮大户的认定标准,本研究的种粮大户的划分标准是粮食种植面积等于或者超过50亩。
(2)注:由于每个村庄的种粮大户数量较少,所以本次调研并未在样本乡(镇)下面抽取样本村庄,而是直接抽取种粮大户样本。