春季石家庄市水体浮游植物群落结构调查与分析
|
摘要
为探索春季石家庄市水体浮游植物群落组成与结构特点,及其主要环境影响因素,对水体中浮游植物的种类组成、细胞密度、环境因子等指标进行了调查,分析了其物种优势度、多样性指数,并对各水体的浮游植物组成与环境因子进行了聚类分析和相关性分析。结果发现:在春季的石家庄市水体中,共检出浮游植物7门47属76种,以绿藻门种类最多,约占总数的39.47%,其次为硅藻和蓝藻,裸藻、金藻、黄藻和甲藻种类很少且仅在个别采样点位出现。水体中硅藻细胞密度最高,平均为1.0×10~7 cells/L,占丰度组成的61.84%,其次为绿藻和蓝藻。值得注意的是,岗南水库是所有水体中仅有的金藻丰富型水体,它的金藻细胞密度高达4.5×10~6 cells/L。物种优势度分析和多样性指数分析显示,石家庄市水体中以中度富营养型指示藻类为优势类群,基本处于中度污染水平;水体聚类分析表明,石家庄市水体的浮游植物组成受整体水环境因素影响不明显;而单环境因子数据及其与浮游植物的相关性分析表明,石家庄市水质酸化严重(pH值低于6.0),除科大牧星湖和岗南水库外,多数水体处于劣V类水平,主要超标物为pH值、总磷、总氮和COD,而这可能是导致蓝藻、绿藻等耐污性种类大量繁殖的主要因素。因此,对石家庄市水体中浮游植物群落组成与结构变化的生物学监测,是进行石家庄市地表水水质监测及生态保护的重要途径。
In order to explore the community composition, structure characteristics and its main environmental factors of phytoplankton of Shijiazhuang waters in spring, the species composition, cell density of phytoplankton and environmental factors in the water body are investigated, and the species dominance, diversity index, cluster analysis and correlation analysis of phytoplankton composition and environmental factors are conducted. During the spring season, 76 phytoplankton species belonging to 47 genera and 6 phyla are identified in Shijiazhuang waters.The largest proportion is the species of Chlorophyta, which accounts for 39.47% of the total species, followed by diatom and cyanobacteria, and the species of Euglenophyta, Chrysophyta, Xanthophyta and Dinophyta are few at some sampling sites during this season.The highest density is from the diatom cells, which is averagely 1.0×10~7 cells/L, accounting for 61.84% of the total abundance, followed by Chlorophyta and cyanobacteria in Shijiazhuang waters. It is worth noting that the cell density of the Chrysophyta in the Gangan reservoir could reach up to 4.5 ×10~6 cells/L, and it is the only Chrysophyta rich water of all waters. The analysis of species dominance and diversity index shows that the Shijiazhuang waters are in the middle level of pollution, with the eutrophic indicator algas as the dominant groups. The water body cluster analysis shows that the phytoplankton composition in Shijiazhuang is not affected by the overall water environment factors. The water quality index data and Pearson correlation analysis show that Shijiazhuang waters are in serious acidification(pH<6.0). Except for the Muxing lake of HEBUST(Hebei University of Science and Technology) and Gangnan reservoir, most of the waters are at the level of lower V. The main excess materials are pH, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and COD, which might be the main factor leading to mass reproduction of pollution resistant species such as cyanobacteria and Chlorophyta. The study show that biological monitoring of the composition and structural changes of phytoplankton community in Shijiazhuang water body is an important way to monitor and protect the water quality of the surface water in Shijiazhuang.
In order to explore the community composition, structure characteristics and its main environmental factors of phytoplankton of Shijiazhuang waters in spring, the species composition, cell density of phytoplankton and environmental factors in the water body are investigated, and the species dominance, diversity index, cluster analysis and correlation analysis of phytoplankton composition and environmental factors are conducted. During the spring season, 76 phytoplankton species belonging to 47 genera and 6 phyla are identified in Shijiazhuang waters.The largest proportion is the species of Chlorophyta, which accounts for 39.47% of the total species, followed by diatom and cyanobacteria, and the species of Euglenophyta, Chrysophyta, Xanthophyta and Dinophyta are few at some sampling sites during this season.The highest density is from the diatom cells, which is averagely 1.0×10~7 cells/L, accounting for 61.84% of the total abundance, followed by Chlorophyta and cyanobacteria in Shijiazhuang waters. It is worth noting that the cell density of the Chrysophyta in the Gangan reservoir could reach up to 4.5 ×10~6 cells/L, and it is the only Chrysophyta rich water of all waters. The analysis of species dominance and diversity index shows that the Shijiazhuang waters are in the middle level of pollution, with the eutrophic indicator algas as the dominant groups. The water body cluster analysis shows that the phytoplankton composition in Shijiazhuang is not affected by the overall water environment factors. The water quality index data and Pearson correlation analysis show that Shijiazhuang waters are in serious acidification(pH<6.0). Except for the Muxing lake of HEBUST(Hebei University of Science and Technology) and Gangnan reservoir, most of the waters are at the level of lower V. The main excess materials are pH, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and COD, which might be the main factor leading to mass reproduction of pollution resistant species such as cyanobacteria and Chlorophyta. The study show that biological monitoring of the composition and structural changes of phytoplankton community in Shijiazhuang water body is an important way to monitor and protect the water quality of the surface water in Shijiazhuang.
引文
[1] 章宗涉,黄祥飞.淡水浮游生物研究方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[2] 胡鸿钧,魏印心.中国淡水藻类[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[3] 况琪军,毕永红,周广杰,等.三峡水库蓄水前后浮游植物调查及水环境初步分析[J].水生生物学报,2005,29(4):353-358.KUANG Qijun,BI Yonghong,ZHOU Guangjie,et al.Study on the phytoplankton in the three gorges reservoir before and after sluice and the protection of water quality [J].ACTA Hydrobiologica Sinica,2005,29(4):353-358.
[4] 柴毅,彭婷,郭坤,等.2012年夏季长湖浮游植物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].植物生态学报,2014,38 (8):857-867.CHAI Yi,PENG Ting,GUO Kun,et al.Community characteristics of phytoplankton in Lake Changhu and relationships with environmental factors in the summer of 2012 [J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2014,38 (8):857-867.
[5] 袁宇翔,田雪,姜明.2014年7月小兴凯湖浮游植物群落结构及其影响因素[J].湿地科学,2017,15(2):221-228.YUAN Yuxiang,TIAN Xue,JIANG Ming.Structure of phytoplankton community in Xiaoxingkai Lake in July 2014 and its influence factors [J].Wetland Science,2017,15(2):221-228.
[6] KIM H,SPIVACK A J,MENDEN-DEUER S.pH alters the swimming behaviors of the raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo:Implications for bloom formation in an acidified ocean [J].Harmful Algae,2013,26:1-11.
[7] 胡俊,杨玉霞,池仕运,等.邙山提灌站浮游植物群落结构空间变化对环境因子的响应[J].生态学报,2017,37(3):1054-1062.HU Jun,YANG Yuxia,CHI Shiyun,et al.Spatial variation of phytoplankton community structure and its relationship with environmental factors at the Mangshan pumping station [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(3):1054-1062.
[8] 徐兴华,陈椽,龙胜兴,等.玉舍水库浮游植物的调查及水质评价[J].贵州农业科学,2012,40(6):227-230.XU Xinghua,CHEN Chuan,LONG Shengxing,et al.Phytoplankton survey and water quality evaluation in Yushe Reservoir [J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(6):227-230.
[9] 沈会涛,刘存歧.白洋淀浮游植物群落及其与环境因子的典范对应分析[J].湖泊科学,2008,20(1):773-779.SHEN Huitao,LIU Cunqi.Canonical correspondence analysis of phytoplankton community and its environmental factors in the Lake Baiyangdian [J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2008,20(1):773-779.
[10] 代龚圆,李杰,李林,等.滇池北部湖区浮游植物时空格局及相关环境因子[J].水生生物学报,2012,36(5):946-956.DAI Gongyuan,LI Jie,LI Lin,et al.The spatio-temporal pattern of phytoplankton in the north basin of Lake Dianchi and related environmental factors [J].ACTA Hydrobiologica Sinica,2012,36(5):946-956.
[11] 王璐璐,董芳,李芳芳,等.大辽河水系夏季后生浮游动物群落结构及水生态评价[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(2):389-395.WANG Lulu,DONG Fang,LI Fangfang,et al.Metazoan zooplankton community structure and aquatic ecology of Daliaohe River,North China in summer [J].Chinese Journal of Ecology ,2013,32(2):389-395.
[12] 潘晓洁,朱爱民,郑志伟,等.汉江中下游春季浮游植物群落结构特征及其影响因素[J].生态学杂志,2014,33 (1) :33-40.PAN Xiaojie,ZHU Aimin,ZHENG Zhiwei,et al.Structural characteristics and influencing factors of phytoplankton community in the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River during spring season [J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33 (1):33-40.
[13] 况琪军,胡征宇,周广杰,等.香溪河流域浮游植物调查与水质评价[J].武汉植物学研究,2004,22(6):507-513.KUANG Qijun,HU Zhengyu ,ZHOU Guangjie,et al.Investigation on phytoplankton in Xiangxi River watershed and the evaluation of its water quality [J].Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,2004,22(6):507-513.
[14] 李晶,祁佩时,马云,等.扎龙湿地夏秋季浮游植物群落结构[J].东北林业大学学报,2012,40(5):86-90.LI Jing,QI Peishi,MA Yun,et al.Seasonal fluctuation of phytoplankton community structure in Zhalong wetland [J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2012,40(5):86-90.
[15] 肖小雨,龙婉婉,柳正葳,等.吉安地区典型景观湖泊浮游植物群落特征及其与水环境因子的关系[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(4):934-941.XIAO Xiaoyu,LONG Wanwan,LIU Zhengwei,et al.Community structure of phytoplankton and its relationship with aquatic environmental factors in typical landscape lakes of Ji’an,Jiangxi Province [J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2016,35(4):934-941.
[16] 杨华,傅志茹,李春艳,等.天津市河流和水库浮游植物群落与水环境因子关系的研究[J].淡水渔业,2012,42(6):33-37.YANG Hua,FU Zhiru,LI Chunyan,et al.Studies on relationships between phytoplankton community and environment factors of rivers and reservoirs in Tianjin [J].Freshwater Fisheries,2012,42 (6):33-37.
[17] 王玮.石家庄市水资源污染解析及综合治理新思路[J].环境与可持续发展,2015,40(3):163-165.WANG Wei.New thinking on comprehensive control of water pollution in Shijiazhuang [J].Environment and Sustainable Development,2015,40(3):163-165.
[18] 魏敬池.洨河流域地表水质与地下水质污染研究[J].河北工业科技,2014,31(5):407-411.WEI Jingchi.Study of surface water and underground waterpollution in the Xiao River basin [J].Hebei Journal of Industrial Science and Technology,2014,31(5):407-411.
[19] 黄群贤,刘红梅,李海燕,等.石家庄市多年降水分析及雨水利用研究[J].河北科技大学学报,2006,27(4):332-336.HUANG Qunxian,LIU Hongmei,LI Haiyan,et al.Analysis of rainfall and study on utilizing rainwater in Shijiazhuang city[J].Journal of Hebei University of Science and Technology,2006,27(4):332-336.
[20] 翁建中,徐恒省.中国常见淡水浮游藻类图谱[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2010.
[21] GB/T 11914—1989,水质化学需氧量的测定重铬酸盐法[S].
[22] HJ 535—2009,水质氨氮的测定纳氏试剂分光光度法[S].
[23] GB/T 11893—1989,水质总磷的测定钼酸铵分光光度法[S].
[24] GB/T 11894—1989,水质总氮的测定碱性过硫酸钾消解紫外分光光度法[S].
[25] 国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2008.
[26] 郑琳琳,唐厚全,王兆军,等.济南大明湖景观水体浮游植物调查及水质评价[J].山东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,32(1):135-138.ZHENG Linlin,TANG Houquan,WANG Zhaojun,et al.Phytoplankton investigation and water quality evaluation in the landscape water of Daming Lake in Jinan [J].Journal of Shandong Normal University (Natural Science),2017,32(1):135-138.
[27] JACOBY J M,COLLIER D C,WELCH E B,et al.Environmental factors associated with a toxic bloom of Microcystis aeruginosa[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2000,57(1):231-240.
[28] ORTEGA-MAYAGOITIA E,ROJO C,RODRIGO M A.Controlling factors of phytoplankton assemblages in wetlands:An experimental approach [J].Hydrobiologia,2003,502(1/2/3):177-186.
[2] 胡鸿钧,魏印心.中国淡水藻类[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[3] 况琪军,毕永红,周广杰,等.三峡水库蓄水前后浮游植物调查及水环境初步分析[J].水生生物学报,2005,29(4):353-358.KUANG Qijun,BI Yonghong,ZHOU Guangjie,et al.Study on the phytoplankton in the three gorges reservoir before and after sluice and the protection of water quality [J].ACTA Hydrobiologica Sinica,2005,29(4):353-358.
[4] 柴毅,彭婷,郭坤,等.2012年夏季长湖浮游植物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].植物生态学报,2014,38 (8):857-867.CHAI Yi,PENG Ting,GUO Kun,et al.Community characteristics of phytoplankton in Lake Changhu and relationships with environmental factors in the summer of 2012 [J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2014,38 (8):857-867.
[5] 袁宇翔,田雪,姜明.2014年7月小兴凯湖浮游植物群落结构及其影响因素[J].湿地科学,2017,15(2):221-228.YUAN Yuxiang,TIAN Xue,JIANG Ming.Structure of phytoplankton community in Xiaoxingkai Lake in July 2014 and its influence factors [J].Wetland Science,2017,15(2):221-228.
[6] KIM H,SPIVACK A J,MENDEN-DEUER S.pH alters the swimming behaviors of the raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo:Implications for bloom formation in an acidified ocean [J].Harmful Algae,2013,26:1-11.
[7] 胡俊,杨玉霞,池仕运,等.邙山提灌站浮游植物群落结构空间变化对环境因子的响应[J].生态学报,2017,37(3):1054-1062.HU Jun,YANG Yuxia,CHI Shiyun,et al.Spatial variation of phytoplankton community structure and its relationship with environmental factors at the Mangshan pumping station [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(3):1054-1062.
[8] 徐兴华,陈椽,龙胜兴,等.玉舍水库浮游植物的调查及水质评价[J].贵州农业科学,2012,40(6):227-230.XU Xinghua,CHEN Chuan,LONG Shengxing,et al.Phytoplankton survey and water quality evaluation in Yushe Reservoir [J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(6):227-230.
[9] 沈会涛,刘存歧.白洋淀浮游植物群落及其与环境因子的典范对应分析[J].湖泊科学,2008,20(1):773-779.SHEN Huitao,LIU Cunqi.Canonical correspondence analysis of phytoplankton community and its environmental factors in the Lake Baiyangdian [J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2008,20(1):773-779.
[10] 代龚圆,李杰,李林,等.滇池北部湖区浮游植物时空格局及相关环境因子[J].水生生物学报,2012,36(5):946-956.DAI Gongyuan,LI Jie,LI Lin,et al.The spatio-temporal pattern of phytoplankton in the north basin of Lake Dianchi and related environmental factors [J].ACTA Hydrobiologica Sinica,2012,36(5):946-956.
[11] 王璐璐,董芳,李芳芳,等.大辽河水系夏季后生浮游动物群落结构及水生态评价[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(2):389-395.WANG Lulu,DONG Fang,LI Fangfang,et al.Metazoan zooplankton community structure and aquatic ecology of Daliaohe River,North China in summer [J].Chinese Journal of Ecology ,2013,32(2):389-395.
[12] 潘晓洁,朱爱民,郑志伟,等.汉江中下游春季浮游植物群落结构特征及其影响因素[J].生态学杂志,2014,33 (1) :33-40.PAN Xiaojie,ZHU Aimin,ZHENG Zhiwei,et al.Structural characteristics and influencing factors of phytoplankton community in the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River during spring season [J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33 (1):33-40.
[13] 况琪军,胡征宇,周广杰,等.香溪河流域浮游植物调查与水质评价[J].武汉植物学研究,2004,22(6):507-513.KUANG Qijun,HU Zhengyu ,ZHOU Guangjie,et al.Investigation on phytoplankton in Xiangxi River watershed and the evaluation of its water quality [J].Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,2004,22(6):507-513.
[14] 李晶,祁佩时,马云,等.扎龙湿地夏秋季浮游植物群落结构[J].东北林业大学学报,2012,40(5):86-90.LI Jing,QI Peishi,MA Yun,et al.Seasonal fluctuation of phytoplankton community structure in Zhalong wetland [J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2012,40(5):86-90.
[15] 肖小雨,龙婉婉,柳正葳,等.吉安地区典型景观湖泊浮游植物群落特征及其与水环境因子的关系[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(4):934-941.XIAO Xiaoyu,LONG Wanwan,LIU Zhengwei,et al.Community structure of phytoplankton and its relationship with aquatic environmental factors in typical landscape lakes of Ji’an,Jiangxi Province [J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2016,35(4):934-941.
[16] 杨华,傅志茹,李春艳,等.天津市河流和水库浮游植物群落与水环境因子关系的研究[J].淡水渔业,2012,42(6):33-37.YANG Hua,FU Zhiru,LI Chunyan,et al.Studies on relationships between phytoplankton community and environment factors of rivers and reservoirs in Tianjin [J].Freshwater Fisheries,2012,42 (6):33-37.
[17] 王玮.石家庄市水资源污染解析及综合治理新思路[J].环境与可持续发展,2015,40(3):163-165.WANG Wei.New thinking on comprehensive control of water pollution in Shijiazhuang [J].Environment and Sustainable Development,2015,40(3):163-165.
[18] 魏敬池.洨河流域地表水质与地下水质污染研究[J].河北工业科技,2014,31(5):407-411.WEI Jingchi.Study of surface water and underground waterpollution in the Xiao River basin [J].Hebei Journal of Industrial Science and Technology,2014,31(5):407-411.
[19] 黄群贤,刘红梅,李海燕,等.石家庄市多年降水分析及雨水利用研究[J].河北科技大学学报,2006,27(4):332-336.HUANG Qunxian,LIU Hongmei,LI Haiyan,et al.Analysis of rainfall and study on utilizing rainwater in Shijiazhuang city[J].Journal of Hebei University of Science and Technology,2006,27(4):332-336.
[20] 翁建中,徐恒省.中国常见淡水浮游藻类图谱[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2010.
[21] GB/T 11914—1989,水质化学需氧量的测定重铬酸盐法[S].
[22] HJ 535—2009,水质氨氮的测定纳氏试剂分光光度法[S].
[23] GB/T 11893—1989,水质总磷的测定钼酸铵分光光度法[S].
[24] GB/T 11894—1989,水质总氮的测定碱性过硫酸钾消解紫外分光光度法[S].
[25] 国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2008.
[26] 郑琳琳,唐厚全,王兆军,等.济南大明湖景观水体浮游植物调查及水质评价[J].山东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,32(1):135-138.ZHENG Linlin,TANG Houquan,WANG Zhaojun,et al.Phytoplankton investigation and water quality evaluation in the landscape water of Daming Lake in Jinan [J].Journal of Shandong Normal University (Natural Science),2017,32(1):135-138.
[27] JACOBY J M,COLLIER D C,WELCH E B,et al.Environmental factors associated with a toxic bloom of Microcystis aeruginosa[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2000,57(1):231-240.
[28] ORTEGA-MAYAGOITIA E,ROJO C,RODRIGO M A.Controlling factors of phytoplankton assemblages in wetlands:An experimental approach [J].Hydrobiologia,2003,502(1/2/3):177-186.