采用ASPEX和旋弯疲劳法表征GCr15轴承钢夹杂物
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摘要
为了探索ASPEX检测法与旋弯疲劳试验法的最佳适用条件,全面了解轴承钢中夹杂物的信息,对真空脱气冶金工艺制备的GCr15轴承钢分别应用上述两种方法对试验钢中夹杂物进行了类型、形状、尺寸、分布方面的表征。结果表明,在夹杂物类型检测方面,两种检测方法结果基本一致。该轴承钢中富含钙、铝、硫等元素的球型复合夹杂物,同时也存在少部分边缘锋利的TiN型夹杂物;利用ASPEX进行多面多次扫描,发现检测出的最大球型B类氧化铝夹杂物大小分布结果基本与旋弯疲劳法符合。根据试验结果以及两种检测方法的原理得出,ASPEX法对钢中夹杂物的尺寸、形状、类型、分布等信息的整体分析更为有效,而应用疲劳法对大尺寸刚性夹杂物的检测更为有利。
In order to explore the best application conditions of those two methods and understand the information of inclusions in bearing steel the ASPEX test and rotating-bending fatigue test of GCr15 bearing steel under vacuum degassing process was investigated. The information of the inclusions including type,shape,size and distribution was analyzed. It was found that using these two methods the inclusion types were found almost same with the spherical inclusions in the GCr15 were rich in Ca,Al and S,and also a small number of sharp TiN inclusions with sharp edges. Using ASPEX for multi-faceted multiple scanning,it was found that the distribution of the maximum size spheroidal B-type alumina inclusions was basically in accord with the result of the rotating-bending fatigue test. According to the test results and the principle of two detection methods,the ASPEX method is more effective for the overall analysis of inclusions in steel,such as inclusion size,shape,type,distribution,etc,meanwhile the application of fatigue method is more advantageous for the detection of large-sized rigid inclusions.
In order to explore the best application conditions of those two methods and understand the information of inclusions in bearing steel the ASPEX test and rotating-bending fatigue test of GCr15 bearing steel under vacuum degassing process was investigated. The information of the inclusions including type,shape,size and distribution was analyzed. It was found that using these two methods the inclusion types were found almost same with the spherical inclusions in the GCr15 were rich in Ca,Al and S,and also a small number of sharp TiN inclusions with sharp edges. Using ASPEX for multi-faceted multiple scanning,it was found that the distribution of the maximum size spheroidal B-type alumina inclusions was basically in accord with the result of the rotating-bending fatigue test. According to the test results and the principle of two detection methods,the ASPEX method is more effective for the overall analysis of inclusions in steel,such as inclusion size,shape,type,distribution,etc,meanwhile the application of fatigue method is more advantageous for the detection of large-sized rigid inclusions.
引文
[1]刘浏.高品质特殊钢关键生产技术[J].钢铁,2018,53(4):1.(LIU Liu. Key production-technology for high-quality special steels[J]. Iron and Steel,2018,53(4):1.)
[2]勾新勇.低磷低钛低硫钢冶炼工艺技术创新集成和应用[J].中国冶金,2018,28(3):46.(GOU Xin-yong. Innovative integration and application of low-phosphor low-titanium low-sulfur steel smelting process technology[J]. China Metallurgy,2018,28(3):46.)
[3]李永德,杨振国,李守新,等. GCr15轴承钢超高周疲劳性能与夹杂物相关性[J].金属学报,2008(8):968.(LI Yong-de,YANG Zhen-guo,LI Shou-xin,et al. Correlations between vary high cycle fatigue properties and inclusions of GCr15 bearing steel[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2008(8):968.)
[4]黄永生,孙光涛,顾超,等.铝脱氧轴承钢GCr15精炼渣最优成分的分析与实践[J].中国冶金,2017,27(12):44.(HUANG Yong-sheng,SUN Guang-tao,GU Chao,et al. Technical practice and research on optimal composition of refining slag of aluminium deoxidation bearing steel GCr15[J]. China Metallurgy,2017,27(12):44.)
[5]惠卫军,董瀚,陈思联.非金属夹杂物和表面状态对高强度弹簧钢疲劳性能的影响[J].特殊钢,1998(6):8.(HUI Wei-jun,DONG Han,CHEN Si-lian. Influence of non-metallic inclusion and surface condition on fatigue property of high strength spring steel[J]. Special Steel,1998(6):8.)
[6]马超,罗海文.扫描电镜和电解萃取法用于超洁净钢中夹杂物的表征[J].冶金分析,2017,37(8):1.(MA Chao,LUO Haiwen. Characterization of inclusions in ultra clean steel by SEM and electrolytic extraction[J]. Metallurgical Analysis,2017,37(8):1.)
[7]方克明,王国承.钢中的夹杂物研究从表征到改性[C]//2006年全国冶金物理化学学术会议.济南:中国金属学会,2006:451.(FANG Ke-ming,WANG Guo-cheng. Study of inclusions in steel from characterization to modification[C]//National Symposium on Physical and Chemical Metallurgy of Metallurgy in2006. Jinan:The Chinese Society for Metals,2006:451.)
[8]方克明,尚德礼,王存.钢中夹杂物检测及纳米相应用技术前景探索[J].鞍钢技术,2012(2):1.(FANG Ke-ming,SHANG De-li,WANG Cun,et al. Detection of inclusion in steel and discuss on application prospect of nano-phase technologies[J]. Angang Technology,2012(2):1.)
[9]张立峰,杨文,张学伟,等.钢中夹杂物的系统分析技术[J].钢铁,2014,49(2):1.(ZHANG Li-feng,YANG Wen,ZHANG Xue-wei,et al. Systematic analysis of non-metallic inclusion in steel[J]. Iron and Steel,2014,49(2):1.)
[10]田超,刘剑辉,董瀚.进口与国产轴承钢夹杂物特征的对比研究[J].热加工工艺,2017(24):58.(TIAN Chao,LIU Jian-hui,DONG Han. Comparative study on inclusion characteristic of imported and domestic bearing steel[J]. Hot Working Technology,2017(24):58.)
[11]于会香,邵肖静,张静,等.采用ASPEX扫描电镜研究钢中总氧和非金属夹杂物的定量关系[J].工程科学学报,2015(s1):35.(YU Hui-xiang,SHAO Xiao-jing,ZHANG Jing,et al. Study on the qualitative relationship between total oxygen content and non-metallic inclusion in steel with ASPEX SEM[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering,2015(s1):35.)
[12]朱苏敏. ASPEX全自动夹杂物分析技术在优化炼钢工艺上的成功应用[C]//2014年全国炼钢-连铸生产技术会.唐山:中国金属学会,2014:603.(ZHU Su-min. ASPEX automated analysis technology for non-metallic inclusion and its successful application in optimizing steel making[C]//2014 National Steelmaking and Continuous Casting Technology Association. Tangshan:The Chinese Society for Metals,2014:603.)
[13]史智越,徐海峰,许达,等.冶金工艺对GCr15高周旋转弯曲疲劳性能的影响[J].钢铁,2018,53(11):85.(SHI Zhi-yue,XU Hai-feng,XU Da,et al. Effects of metallurgical craftwork on high bending fatigue performance of GCr15 steel during high cycle rotation[J]. Iron and Steel,2018,53(11):85.).
[14] Shiozawa K,Lu L,Ishihara S. S-N curve characteristics and subsurface crack initiation behaviour in ultra-long life fatigue of a high carbon-chromium bearing steel[J]. Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures,2010,24(12):781.
[15]马惠霞,李文竹,黄磊,等.轴承钢中硫化物夹杂诱发疲劳裂纹的微观分析[J].金属热处理,2012(3):119.(MA Hui-xia,LI Wen-zhu,HUANG Lei,et al. Analysis of sulphide inclusion induced fatigue crack in bearing steel[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals,2012(3):119.)
[16]车晓健,杨卯生,唐海燕,等.高性能GCr15轴承钢中夹杂物控制与疲劳性能[J].钢铁,2018,53(5):76.(CHE Xiao-jian,YANG Mao-sheng,TANG Hai-yan,et al. Inclusion control and fatigue performance in high performance GCr15 bearing steel[J]. Iron and Steel,2018,53(5):76.)
[17] Ciavarella M,Papangelo A. On the distribution and scatter of fatigue lives obtained by integration of crack growth curves:Does initial crack size distribution matter[J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2018,191:111.
[18] JIANG H,LUO T,LI G,et al. Fatigue life assessment of electromagnetic riveted carbon fiber reinforce plastic/aluminum alloy lap joints using Weibull distribution[J]. International Journal of Fatigue,2017,105:180.
[2]勾新勇.低磷低钛低硫钢冶炼工艺技术创新集成和应用[J].中国冶金,2018,28(3):46.(GOU Xin-yong. Innovative integration and application of low-phosphor low-titanium low-sulfur steel smelting process technology[J]. China Metallurgy,2018,28(3):46.)
[3]李永德,杨振国,李守新,等. GCr15轴承钢超高周疲劳性能与夹杂物相关性[J].金属学报,2008(8):968.(LI Yong-de,YANG Zhen-guo,LI Shou-xin,et al. Correlations between vary high cycle fatigue properties and inclusions of GCr15 bearing steel[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2008(8):968.)
[4]黄永生,孙光涛,顾超,等.铝脱氧轴承钢GCr15精炼渣最优成分的分析与实践[J].中国冶金,2017,27(12):44.(HUANG Yong-sheng,SUN Guang-tao,GU Chao,et al. Technical practice and research on optimal composition of refining slag of aluminium deoxidation bearing steel GCr15[J]. China Metallurgy,2017,27(12):44.)
[5]惠卫军,董瀚,陈思联.非金属夹杂物和表面状态对高强度弹簧钢疲劳性能的影响[J].特殊钢,1998(6):8.(HUI Wei-jun,DONG Han,CHEN Si-lian. Influence of non-metallic inclusion and surface condition on fatigue property of high strength spring steel[J]. Special Steel,1998(6):8.)
[6]马超,罗海文.扫描电镜和电解萃取法用于超洁净钢中夹杂物的表征[J].冶金分析,2017,37(8):1.(MA Chao,LUO Haiwen. Characterization of inclusions in ultra clean steel by SEM and electrolytic extraction[J]. Metallurgical Analysis,2017,37(8):1.)
[7]方克明,王国承.钢中的夹杂物研究从表征到改性[C]//2006年全国冶金物理化学学术会议.济南:中国金属学会,2006:451.(FANG Ke-ming,WANG Guo-cheng. Study of inclusions in steel from characterization to modification[C]//National Symposium on Physical and Chemical Metallurgy of Metallurgy in2006. Jinan:The Chinese Society for Metals,2006:451.)
[8]方克明,尚德礼,王存.钢中夹杂物检测及纳米相应用技术前景探索[J].鞍钢技术,2012(2):1.(FANG Ke-ming,SHANG De-li,WANG Cun,et al. Detection of inclusion in steel and discuss on application prospect of nano-phase technologies[J]. Angang Technology,2012(2):1.)
[9]张立峰,杨文,张学伟,等.钢中夹杂物的系统分析技术[J].钢铁,2014,49(2):1.(ZHANG Li-feng,YANG Wen,ZHANG Xue-wei,et al. Systematic analysis of non-metallic inclusion in steel[J]. Iron and Steel,2014,49(2):1.)
[10]田超,刘剑辉,董瀚.进口与国产轴承钢夹杂物特征的对比研究[J].热加工工艺,2017(24):58.(TIAN Chao,LIU Jian-hui,DONG Han. Comparative study on inclusion characteristic of imported and domestic bearing steel[J]. Hot Working Technology,2017(24):58.)
[11]于会香,邵肖静,张静,等.采用ASPEX扫描电镜研究钢中总氧和非金属夹杂物的定量关系[J].工程科学学报,2015(s1):35.(YU Hui-xiang,SHAO Xiao-jing,ZHANG Jing,et al. Study on the qualitative relationship between total oxygen content and non-metallic inclusion in steel with ASPEX SEM[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering,2015(s1):35.)
[12]朱苏敏. ASPEX全自动夹杂物分析技术在优化炼钢工艺上的成功应用[C]//2014年全国炼钢-连铸生产技术会.唐山:中国金属学会,2014:603.(ZHU Su-min. ASPEX automated analysis technology for non-metallic inclusion and its successful application in optimizing steel making[C]//2014 National Steelmaking and Continuous Casting Technology Association. Tangshan:The Chinese Society for Metals,2014:603.)
[13]史智越,徐海峰,许达,等.冶金工艺对GCr15高周旋转弯曲疲劳性能的影响[J].钢铁,2018,53(11):85.(SHI Zhi-yue,XU Hai-feng,XU Da,et al. Effects of metallurgical craftwork on high bending fatigue performance of GCr15 steel during high cycle rotation[J]. Iron and Steel,2018,53(11):85.).
[14] Shiozawa K,Lu L,Ishihara S. S-N curve characteristics and subsurface crack initiation behaviour in ultra-long life fatigue of a high carbon-chromium bearing steel[J]. Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures,2010,24(12):781.
[15]马惠霞,李文竹,黄磊,等.轴承钢中硫化物夹杂诱发疲劳裂纹的微观分析[J].金属热处理,2012(3):119.(MA Hui-xia,LI Wen-zhu,HUANG Lei,et al. Analysis of sulphide inclusion induced fatigue crack in bearing steel[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals,2012(3):119.)
[16]车晓健,杨卯生,唐海燕,等.高性能GCr15轴承钢中夹杂物控制与疲劳性能[J].钢铁,2018,53(5):76.(CHE Xiao-jian,YANG Mao-sheng,TANG Hai-yan,et al. Inclusion control and fatigue performance in high performance GCr15 bearing steel[J]. Iron and Steel,2018,53(5):76.)
[17] Ciavarella M,Papangelo A. On the distribution and scatter of fatigue lives obtained by integration of crack growth curves:Does initial crack size distribution matter[J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2018,191:111.
[18] JIANG H,LUO T,LI G,et al. Fatigue life assessment of electromagnetic riveted carbon fiber reinforce plastic/aluminum alloy lap joints using Weibull distribution[J]. International Journal of Fatigue,2017,105:180.