梁平柚主要产区土壤养分状况及肥力评价
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摘要
采集梁平柚主要产区土壤样品,分析土壤养分质量分数及综合肥力情况,为指导梁平柚果园合理施肥提供科学依据.结果表明:1)大部分产区土壤pH值呈微酸性或中性,基本在梁平柚生长的适宜范围内,仅大观和金带两地土壤pH值小于5,已严重偏酸; 2)结合全国第二次土壤普查养分质量分数分级标准,梁平柚主要产区土壤有机质质量分数总体上处于中等及以下水平; 3)土壤全氮、碱解氮、速效钾质量分数总体处于中下及更低水平,全磷、有效磷质量分数总体达到中上及更高水平; 4)土壤有效态钙、镁、铁、铜、钼均处于中等及较高水平,锰、锌、硼质量分数处于中等及以下水平; 5)采用改进后的内梅罗综合指数法分析得出,梁平柚主要产区土壤综合肥力均为Ⅲ级,属一般肥力水平,且有机质、氮和钾是限制其土壤肥力的主要因子.因此,建议梁平柚果园施肥偏重氮肥与钾肥,同时与有机肥、锰、锌、硼等微肥进行配施,并结合各产区实际情况,进行土壤酸碱调节,以达到培肥土壤和促进柚树生长结果的双重良好作用.
In order to provide a scientific guidance for fertilizer application in Liangping pomelo orchards, soil samples in the major producing areas of Liangping pomelo were collected to analyse their nutrient content and fertility status. The results obtained were as follows. Soil pH in most pomelo-producing areas was shown to be in the desirable range for pomelo production, being slightly acidic or neutral, which could satisfy the growth of pomelo trees in Liangping, The two towns of Daguan and Jindai were the only exception, where soil was seriously acidic(pH<5). Based on the classification standard of soil nutrients in the Second National Soil Survey of China, the content of soil organic matter in the major pomelo-producing areas in Liangping was, on the whole, at a moderate level or below; the contents of total nitrogen, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen and available potassium were at a mid-low level or below; total phosphorus and available phosphorus were at a mid-high level or higher; the contents of available calcium, magnesium, iron, copper and molybdenum were all at a mid-high level or higher; and the contents of manganese, zinc and boron were at a moderate level or below. An analysis based on the improved Nemerow synthesis index method showed that the soil comprehensive fertility of the major producing areas of Liangping pomelo were all in Grade Ⅲ, which only reached general fertility level, and soil organic matter, nitrogen, and potassium were the main limiting factors of soil fertility. Accordingly, we suggest that aiming at fertilization in Liangping pomelo orchards, more nitrogenous fertilizer and potassium fertilizer should be applied in combination with organic fertilizer and micro-fertilizers(manganese, zinc and boron), and that soil pH should be adjusted based on the actual situation of each producing area so as to improve soil fertility and promote the growth and fruiting of Liangping pomelo.
In order to provide a scientific guidance for fertilizer application in Liangping pomelo orchards, soil samples in the major producing areas of Liangping pomelo were collected to analyse their nutrient content and fertility status. The results obtained were as follows. Soil pH in most pomelo-producing areas was shown to be in the desirable range for pomelo production, being slightly acidic or neutral, which could satisfy the growth of pomelo trees in Liangping, The two towns of Daguan and Jindai were the only exception, where soil was seriously acidic(pH<5). Based on the classification standard of soil nutrients in the Second National Soil Survey of China, the content of soil organic matter in the major pomelo-producing areas in Liangping was, on the whole, at a moderate level or below; the contents of total nitrogen, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen and available potassium were at a mid-low level or below; total phosphorus and available phosphorus were at a mid-high level or higher; the contents of available calcium, magnesium, iron, copper and molybdenum were all at a mid-high level or higher; and the contents of manganese, zinc and boron were at a moderate level or below. An analysis based on the improved Nemerow synthesis index method showed that the soil comprehensive fertility of the major producing areas of Liangping pomelo were all in Grade Ⅲ, which only reached general fertility level, and soil organic matter, nitrogen, and potassium were the main limiting factors of soil fertility. Accordingly, we suggest that aiming at fertilization in Liangping pomelo orchards, more nitrogenous fertilizer and potassium fertilizer should be applied in combination with organic fertilizer and micro-fertilizers(manganese, zinc and boron), and that soil pH should be adjusted based on the actual situation of each producing area so as to improve soil fertility and promote the growth and fruiting of Liangping pomelo.
引文
[1] 周心智, 文家富, 张云贵, 等. 重庆市梁平区梁平柚产业发展成效 [J]. 南方农业, 2017, 11(31): 10-12.
[2] 张丹, 张进忠, 汤民, 等. 山地果园土壤肥力调查与评价——以重庆市金果园为例 [J]. 中国农学通报, 2011, 27(31): 290-295.
[3] 李梅, 张学雷. 基于GIS的农田土壤肥力评价及其与土体构型的关系 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(1): 129-136.
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[9] 周伟, 王文杰, 张波, 等. 长春城市森林绿地土壤肥力评价 [J]. 生态学报, 2017, 37(4): 1211-1220.
[10] 包耀贤, 徐明岗, 吕粉桃, 等. 长期施肥下土壤肥力变化的评价方法 [J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(20): 4197-4204.
[11] 鲁剑巍, 曹卫东. 肥料使用技术手册 [M]. 北京: 金盾出版社, 2010.
[12] 李柳霞, 沈方科, 赵凤芝, 等. 柚子园主要土壤肥力属性空间变异及合理取样数研究 [J]. 南方农业学报, 2007, 38(4): 433-436.
[13] 范业宽. 土壤肥料学 [M]. 武汉: 武汉大学出版社, 2002.
[14] 杨皓, 胡继伟, 黄先飞, 等. 喀斯特地区金刺梨种植基地土壤肥力研究 [J]. 水土保持研究, 2015, 22(3): 50-55.
[15] 杨柳青, 杨超, 白百一, 等. 不同碳氮比有机肥对烤烟生长和土壤肥力的影响 [J]. 西南大学学报(自然科学版), 2011, 33(7): 87-92.
[16] 郭莉莉, 袁珍贵, 朱伟文, 等. 土壤酸化对土壤生物学特性影响的研究进展 [J]. 湖南农业科学, 2014(24): 30-32, 35.
[17] 李荣林, 黄继超, 黄欣卫, 等. 生物炭对茶园土壤酸性和土壤元素有效性的调节作用 [J]. 江苏农业科学, 2012, 40(12): 345-347.
[18] 刘永红, 倪中应, 谢国雄, 等. 浙西北丘陵区农田土壤微量元素空间变异特征及影响因子 [J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(6): 1710-1718.
[19] 邓邦良, 袁知洋, 李真真, 等. 武功山草甸土壤有效态微量元素与有机质和pH的关系 [J]. 西南农业学报, 2016, 29(3): 647-650.
[20] 马芬, 马红亮, 魏春兰, 等. 模拟氮沉降对中亚热带森林土壤Ni、 Cu、 Zn含量的影响 [J]. 广西植物, 2013, 12(2): 620-626.
[21] 张钧恒, 马乐乐, 李建明. 全有机营养肥水耦合对番茄品质、 产量及水分利用效率的影响 [J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(14): 2788-2798.
[22] 马俊英, 青长乐, 张学良, 等. 重庆土壤有效态微量元素的含量与分布 [J]. 西南农业大学学报, 1989, 11(3): 221-228.
[23] 徐岩. 有机肥优化土壤微域环境的机制研究 [D]. 长春: 吉林农业大学, 2003.
[24] 庄伊美, 谢志南, 王仁玑, 等. 有机-无机肥料配施对红壤柑桔园土壤性状的影响 [J]. 亚热带植物通讯, 1990(2): 11-16.
[25] 叶荣生, 石孝均, 周鑫斌. 有机肥对柑橘苗期生物学特性的影响 [J]. 西南大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 36(10): 12-18.
[2] 张丹, 张进忠, 汤民, 等. 山地果园土壤肥力调查与评价——以重庆市金果园为例 [J]. 中国农学通报, 2011, 27(31): 290-295.
[3] 李梅, 张学雷. 基于GIS的农田土壤肥力评价及其与土体构型的关系 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(1): 129-136.
[4] FIDALSKI J, AULER P A M, TORMEM V. Relations among Valencia Orange Yields with Soil and Leaf Nutrients in Northwestern Parana, Brazil [J]. Braz Arch Biol Technol, 2000, 43(4): 387-391.
[5] SRIVASTAVA A K, SINGH S, HUCHCHE A D, et al. Yeild-based Leaf and Soil Test Interpretations for Nagpur Mandarin in Central India [J]. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal, 2001, 32(3-4): 585-599.
[6] 姚丽贤, 周修冲, 彭智平, 等. 广东省柑桔园土壤养分肥力研究 [J]. 土壤通报, 2006, 37(1): 42-44.
[7] 姜远茂, 彭福田, 张宏彦, 等. 山东省苹果园土壤有机质及养分状况研究 [J]. 土壤通报, 2001, 32(4): 167-169.
[8] 鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析 [M]. 3版. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000.
[9] 周伟, 王文杰, 张波, 等. 长春城市森林绿地土壤肥力评价 [J]. 生态学报, 2017, 37(4): 1211-1220.
[10] 包耀贤, 徐明岗, 吕粉桃, 等. 长期施肥下土壤肥力变化的评价方法 [J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(20): 4197-4204.
[11] 鲁剑巍, 曹卫东. 肥料使用技术手册 [M]. 北京: 金盾出版社, 2010.
[12] 李柳霞, 沈方科, 赵凤芝, 等. 柚子园主要土壤肥力属性空间变异及合理取样数研究 [J]. 南方农业学报, 2007, 38(4): 433-436.
[13] 范业宽. 土壤肥料学 [M]. 武汉: 武汉大学出版社, 2002.
[14] 杨皓, 胡继伟, 黄先飞, 等. 喀斯特地区金刺梨种植基地土壤肥力研究 [J]. 水土保持研究, 2015, 22(3): 50-55.
[15] 杨柳青, 杨超, 白百一, 等. 不同碳氮比有机肥对烤烟生长和土壤肥力的影响 [J]. 西南大学学报(自然科学版), 2011, 33(7): 87-92.
[16] 郭莉莉, 袁珍贵, 朱伟文, 等. 土壤酸化对土壤生物学特性影响的研究进展 [J]. 湖南农业科学, 2014(24): 30-32, 35.
[17] 李荣林, 黄继超, 黄欣卫, 等. 生物炭对茶园土壤酸性和土壤元素有效性的调节作用 [J]. 江苏农业科学, 2012, 40(12): 345-347.
[18] 刘永红, 倪中应, 谢国雄, 等. 浙西北丘陵区农田土壤微量元素空间变异特征及影响因子 [J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(6): 1710-1718.
[19] 邓邦良, 袁知洋, 李真真, 等. 武功山草甸土壤有效态微量元素与有机质和pH的关系 [J]. 西南农业学报, 2016, 29(3): 647-650.
[20] 马芬, 马红亮, 魏春兰, 等. 模拟氮沉降对中亚热带森林土壤Ni、 Cu、 Zn含量的影响 [J]. 广西植物, 2013, 12(2): 620-626.
[21] 张钧恒, 马乐乐, 李建明. 全有机营养肥水耦合对番茄品质、 产量及水分利用效率的影响 [J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(14): 2788-2798.
[22] 马俊英, 青长乐, 张学良, 等. 重庆土壤有效态微量元素的含量与分布 [J]. 西南农业大学学报, 1989, 11(3): 221-228.
[23] 徐岩. 有机肥优化土壤微域环境的机制研究 [D]. 长春: 吉林农业大学, 2003.
[24] 庄伊美, 谢志南, 王仁玑, 等. 有机-无机肥料配施对红壤柑桔园土壤性状的影响 [J]. 亚热带植物通讯, 1990(2): 11-16.
[25] 叶荣生, 石孝均, 周鑫斌. 有机肥对柑橘苗期生物学特性的影响 [J]. 西南大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 36(10): 12-18.
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