不同生态恢复措施对宁夏黄土丘陵区典型草原植物群落特征的影响
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摘要
以宁夏黄土丘陵区典型草原为对象,研究了封育、水平沟和鱼鳞坑3种生态恢复措施实施0年(1年)、3年、6年、10年和15年的草地植物群落组成、多样性、稳定性等,并采用RDA排序结合Pearson相关分析探讨了植物群落特征与土壤理化因子间的关系。结果表明:3种措施的多年生草本物种数、物种及重要值比例、多样性均在10年时达到最高。随恢复年限延长,封育草地植被盖度、高度及地上生物量呈上升趋势(P <0.05),水平沟和鱼鳞坑盖度呈增加趋势(P <0.05)。相近恢复年限下,植被盖度、高度及地上生物量为封育最高,放牧地高度及生物量最低;丰富度、多样性和均匀度指数为封育草地较低。各措施下群落均处在不稳定的演替阶段,水平沟和鱼鳞坑间群落相似性较高,土壤含水率是影响研究区植物特征的主要因子。研究认为,封育有利于多年生草本物种数、植被盖度和地上生物量的增加,水平沟和鱼鳞坑措施增加了物种多样性,长期封育会使物种多样性降低。
This study investigated the effects of ecological restoration strategies on characteristic of typical grassland communities in the Ningxia loess hilly region.The changes of the composition,diversity and stability of the grassland plant community in the implementation of three ecological restoration measures including enclosure,contour trench and fish-scale pitswere studied after 0,3,6,10 and 15years.The relationship between plant community characteristics and edaphic physico chemical factors soil physical and chemical characteristics was analyzed by RDA sequencing and Pearson correlation analysis.Results showed that the number of perennial herbaceous species,the proportion of species and important values,and the diversity were the highest at 10 years.with the prolongation of restoration period,the overall vegetation coverage,height and above ground biomass of species in the enclosed grassland showed an increasetrend(P<0.05)while the coverage of both contour trench and fish-scale pits showed an increasing trend(P <0.05).Under the similar recovery years,the vegetation coverage,height and above ground biomass were the highest in enclosure,the height of grazing land and biomass were the lowest;the index of richness,diversity and evenness was lower in enclosed grassland.The plant communities under each measure were in an unstable succession stage,the community similarity between the contour trench and the fish-scale pits was higher,and the soil moisture content was the main factor affecting the plant characteristics in this area.This study believes that the enclosure was beneficial to the increase of perennial herb species,vegetation coverage and above-ground biomass.Contour trench and fish-scale pits increased species diversity,and long-term enclosure will reduce species diversity.
This study investigated the effects of ecological restoration strategies on characteristic of typical grassland communities in the Ningxia loess hilly region.The changes of the composition,diversity and stability of the grassland plant community in the implementation of three ecological restoration measures including enclosure,contour trench and fish-scale pitswere studied after 0,3,6,10 and 15years.The relationship between plant community characteristics and edaphic physico chemical factors soil physical and chemical characteristics was analyzed by RDA sequencing and Pearson correlation analysis.Results showed that the number of perennial herbaceous species,the proportion of species and important values,and the diversity were the highest at 10 years.with the prolongation of restoration period,the overall vegetation coverage,height and above ground biomass of species in the enclosed grassland showed an increasetrend(P<0.05)while the coverage of both contour trench and fish-scale pits showed an increasing trend(P <0.05).Under the similar recovery years,the vegetation coverage,height and above ground biomass were the highest in enclosure,the height of grazing land and biomass were the lowest;the index of richness,diversity and evenness was lower in enclosed grassland.The plant communities under each measure were in an unstable succession stage,the community similarity between the contour trench and the fish-scale pits was higher,and the soil moisture content was the main factor affecting the plant characteristics in this area.This study believes that the enclosure was beneficial to the increase of perennial herb species,vegetation coverage and above-ground biomass.Contour trench and fish-scale pits increased species diversity,and long-term enclosure will reduce species diversity.
引文
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[10] Garcia B N R,Vieira T A,Oliveira F D A.Tree and shrub diversity in agroforestry homegardens in rural community in Eastern Amazon[J].Floresta,2017,47(4):543.
[11]周瑶,马红彬,贾希洋,等.封育和水平沟生态恢复措施对宁夏黄土丘陵区典型草原土壤生物学特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):263-270.Zhou Yao,Ma Hongbin,Jia Xiyang,et al.Effects of enclosure and horizontal furrow ecological restoration measures on soil biological characteristics of typical steppe in loess hilly region of Ningxia[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,31(3):263-270.
[12]马红彬,沈艳,谢应忠,等.不同恢复措施对宁夏黄土丘陵区典型草原植物群落特征的影响[J].西北农业学报,2013,22(1):200-206.Ma Hongbin,Shen Yan,Xie Yingzhong,et al.Effects of different restoration measures on plant community characteristics of typical grassland in loess hilly region of Ningxia[J].Northwest Agricultural Sciences,2013,22(1):200-206.
[13]周瑶,马红彬,贾希洋,等.不同生态恢复措施下宁夏黄土丘陵典型草原土壤质量评价[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(18):102-110.Zhou Yao,Ma Hongbin,Jia Xiyang,et al.Soil quality assessment under different ecological restoration measures in typical steppe in loess hilly area in Ningxia[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(18):102-110.
[14]刘光崧.土壤理化分析与剖面描述[M].第一版.北京:中国标准出版社,1996.Liu Guangqi.Soil physical and chemical analysis and profile description[M].First edition.Beijing:China Standard Press,1996.
[15]康洁,张维江,李娟,等.TRIME-T3管式TDR土壤水分测定系统在宁夏泾源地区的标定研究[J].宁夏工程技术,2015,14(2):146-148.Kang Jie,Zhang Weijiang,Li Juan,et al.The calibration of TRIME-T3tubular TDR for measurement of soil water content in Jingyuan Region[J].Ningxia Engineering Technology,2015,14(2):146-148.
[16] Cornelis J,Hermy M.Biodiversity relationships in urban and suburban parks in Flanders[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,2004,69(4):385-401.
[17]罗琰,苏德荣,纪宝明,等.辉河湿地不同草甸植被群落特征及其与土壤因子的关系[J].草业学报,2018,27(3):33-43.Luo Yan,Su Derong,Ji Baoming,et al.Community characteristics of different meadow vegetations in Huihe Wetland and their relationship with soil factors[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2018,27(3):33-43.
[18]谷长磊,刘琳,邱扬,等.黄土丘陵区生态退耕对草本层植物多样性的影响[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(5):99-103.Gu Changlei,Liu Lin,Qiu Yang,et al.Effects of ecological cropping on the diversity of herbaceous plants in hilly loess hilly region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,20(5):99-103.
[19]郝文芳.陕北黄土丘陵区撂荒地恢复演替的生态学过程及机理研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010.Hao Wenfang.Study on ecological process and mechanism of restoration succession of abandoned land in loess hilly region of northern Shan Xi[D].Yang ling:Northwest A&F University,2010.
[20]张海涛,梁继业,周正立,等.塔里木河中游荒漠河岸林土壤理化性质分布特征与植被关系[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(2):6-12.Zhang Haitao,Liang Jiye,Zhou Zhengli,et al.Distribution characteristics of soil physical and chemical properties and vegetation in desert river banks in the middle reaches of Tarim River[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(2):6-12.
[2]陈文思.陕北黄土区自然恢复植物群落的结构及多样性特征[D].北京:北京林业大学,2016.Chen Wensi.The structure and diversity of natural restoration plant communities in loess area of northern Shan Xi[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2016.
[3]贾希洋,马红彬,周瑶,等.不同生态恢复措施下宁夏黄土丘陵区典型草原植物群落数量分类和演替[J].草业学报,2018,27(2):15-25.Jia Xiyang,Ma Hongbin,Zhou Yao,et al.Floristic quantitative classification and succession characteristics of typical grassland under different ecological restoration methods in Loess Hilly Region of Ningxia[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2018,27(2):15-25.
[4]白天晓,刘安娜,郝匕台,等.刈割制度下羊草草原地上生物量的动态变化机制[J].中国草地学报,2017,39(6):65-71.Bai Tianxiao,Liu Anna,Hao Yitai,et al,The dynamic mechanism of above-ground biomass in the Leymus chinensis steppe under the castration system[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2017,39(6):65-71.
[5]贾晓妮.云雾山25年本氏针茅草地群落特征及演替的研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2008.Jia Xiaoni.Community characteristics and succession of Stipa baicalensis community in Yunwu Mountain in 25years[D].Beijing:Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2008.
[6]陶利波,于双,王国会,等.封育对宁夏东部风沙区荒漠草原植物群落特征及其稳定性的影响[J].中国草地学报,2018,40(2):67-74.Tao Libo,Yu Shuang,Wang Guohui,et al.Effects of fencing on plant community characteristics and stability of desert steppe in windy and sandy areas of eastern Ningxia[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2018,40(2):67-74.
[7]赵成章,樊胜岳,殷翠琴,等.祁连山区退化草地植被群落结构特征的研究[J].中国草地学报,2004,26(2):26-30.Zhao Chengzhang,Fan Shengyue,Yin Cuiqin,et al.Studies on vegetation community structure of degraded grassland in Qilian Mountains[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2004,26(2):26-30.
[8]丛日慧,刘思齐,朱羚,等.短期放牧下典型草原草畜生产和转化效率研究[J].中国草地学报,2017,39(6):47-53.Cong Rihui,Liu Siqi,Zhu Ling,et al.Study on the foragelivestock production and conversion efficiency under short-term grazing on typical steppe[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2017,39(6):47-53.
[9]赵凌平,白欣,王占彬,等.火烧对黄土高原典型草原地上植被和繁殖更新的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(1):108-116.Zhao Linping,Bai Xin,Wang Zhanbin,et al.Effects of fire on vegetation and reproductive update of typical grassland on the Loess Plateau[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(1):108-116.
[10] Garcia B N R,Vieira T A,Oliveira F D A.Tree and shrub diversity in agroforestry homegardens in rural community in Eastern Amazon[J].Floresta,2017,47(4):543.
[11]周瑶,马红彬,贾希洋,等.封育和水平沟生态恢复措施对宁夏黄土丘陵区典型草原土壤生物学特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):263-270.Zhou Yao,Ma Hongbin,Jia Xiyang,et al.Effects of enclosure and horizontal furrow ecological restoration measures on soil biological characteristics of typical steppe in loess hilly region of Ningxia[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,31(3):263-270.
[12]马红彬,沈艳,谢应忠,等.不同恢复措施对宁夏黄土丘陵区典型草原植物群落特征的影响[J].西北农业学报,2013,22(1):200-206.Ma Hongbin,Shen Yan,Xie Yingzhong,et al.Effects of different restoration measures on plant community characteristics of typical grassland in loess hilly region of Ningxia[J].Northwest Agricultural Sciences,2013,22(1):200-206.
[13]周瑶,马红彬,贾希洋,等.不同生态恢复措施下宁夏黄土丘陵典型草原土壤质量评价[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(18):102-110.Zhou Yao,Ma Hongbin,Jia Xiyang,et al.Soil quality assessment under different ecological restoration measures in typical steppe in loess hilly area in Ningxia[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(18):102-110.
[14]刘光崧.土壤理化分析与剖面描述[M].第一版.北京:中国标准出版社,1996.Liu Guangqi.Soil physical and chemical analysis and profile description[M].First edition.Beijing:China Standard Press,1996.
[15]康洁,张维江,李娟,等.TRIME-T3管式TDR土壤水分测定系统在宁夏泾源地区的标定研究[J].宁夏工程技术,2015,14(2):146-148.Kang Jie,Zhang Weijiang,Li Juan,et al.The calibration of TRIME-T3tubular TDR for measurement of soil water content in Jingyuan Region[J].Ningxia Engineering Technology,2015,14(2):146-148.
[16] Cornelis J,Hermy M.Biodiversity relationships in urban and suburban parks in Flanders[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,2004,69(4):385-401.
[17]罗琰,苏德荣,纪宝明,等.辉河湿地不同草甸植被群落特征及其与土壤因子的关系[J].草业学报,2018,27(3):33-43.Luo Yan,Su Derong,Ji Baoming,et al.Community characteristics of different meadow vegetations in Huihe Wetland and their relationship with soil factors[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2018,27(3):33-43.
[18]谷长磊,刘琳,邱扬,等.黄土丘陵区生态退耕对草本层植物多样性的影响[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(5):99-103.Gu Changlei,Liu Lin,Qiu Yang,et al.Effects of ecological cropping on the diversity of herbaceous plants in hilly loess hilly region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,20(5):99-103.
[19]郝文芳.陕北黄土丘陵区撂荒地恢复演替的生态学过程及机理研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010.Hao Wenfang.Study on ecological process and mechanism of restoration succession of abandoned land in loess hilly region of northern Shan Xi[D].Yang ling:Northwest A&F University,2010.
[20]张海涛,梁继业,周正立,等.塔里木河中游荒漠河岸林土壤理化性质分布特征与植被关系[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(2):6-12.Zhang Haitao,Liang Jiye,Zhou Zhengli,et al.Distribution characteristics of soil physical and chemical properties and vegetation in desert river banks in the middle reaches of Tarim River[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(2):6-12.