不同利用程度对典型草原植被空间异质性的影响
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摘要
在生态学研究中,植被空间异质性一直是众多研究者关心的主要问题之一。但是不同植被指数空间异质性的多尺度效应尚未引起人们的重视。因此,文中采用Mann-Kendall秩次相关法在内蒙古鄂温克旗对典型草原不同利用程度的植被空间异质性进行了分析。研究结果表明:Mann-kendal秩次相关法用于植被异质性分析可解释异质性的多尺度特征。禁牧可导致典型草原NDVI的异质性增加,在50m的样线内出现显著性变化的拐点5次,从禁牧到重牧过程异质性呈降低趋势。轻度放牧可促进植物种丰富空间异质性增加,在样线内出现显著性变化的拐点2次,高于其他放牧强度。过度放牧使植被的丰富度和均匀度异质性程度极大降低,使植被特质趋向均质化。不同放牧强度对植物多样性空间异质性影响较小,在样线内都未出现显著性的拐点。
In ecological research,spatial heterogeneity of vegetation has been one of the main issues that many researchers are concerned. But the multi-scale effect of different vegetation index spatial heterogeneity has not caused enough attention. Therefore,this paper uses Mann-Kendall method to analyze the vegetation spatial heterogeneity with different levels of use of typical steppe in Inner Mongolia Ewenki Autonomous Banner. The results show that using Mann-Kendall method to analyze the vegetation spatial heterogeneity can explain the multi-scale characteristic of heterogeneity. Grazing can increased the heterogeneity of NDVI in typical steppe. Inflection point with significant changes in 50 m line transect appeared 5 times,and the heterogeneity decreased from light grazing to heavy grazing. Light grazing promoted the spatial heterogeneity of plant species richness and the inflection point with significant changes in line transect appeared 2 times,higher than other grazing intensity.Overgrazing reduced the richness and evenness of vegetation greatly and made the plant specialty homogenize.However,different grazing intensity had little effect on the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation,and no inflection point with significant change appeared.
In ecological research,spatial heterogeneity of vegetation has been one of the main issues that many researchers are concerned. But the multi-scale effect of different vegetation index spatial heterogeneity has not caused enough attention. Therefore,this paper uses Mann-Kendall method to analyze the vegetation spatial heterogeneity with different levels of use of typical steppe in Inner Mongolia Ewenki Autonomous Banner. The results show that using Mann-Kendall method to analyze the vegetation spatial heterogeneity can explain the multi-scale characteristic of heterogeneity. Grazing can increased the heterogeneity of NDVI in typical steppe. Inflection point with significant changes in 50 m line transect appeared 5 times,and the heterogeneity decreased from light grazing to heavy grazing. Light grazing promoted the spatial heterogeneity of plant species richness and the inflection point with significant changes in line transect appeared 2 times,higher than other grazing intensity.Overgrazing reduced the richness and evenness of vegetation greatly and made the plant specialty homogenize.However,different grazing intensity had little effect on the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation,and no inflection point with significant change appeared.
引文
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[16]吴艳玲,陈立波,卫智军,等.不同放牧压短花针茅荒漠草原群落植物种的空间异质特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(7):110-115.
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[20]He Z,Zhao W,Chang X,et al. Scale dependence in desert plant diversity[J]. Biodiversity&Conservation,2006,15(9):3055-3064.
[21]Anderson T M,Mcnaughton S J,Ritchie M E. Scale-dependent relationships between the spatial distribution of a limiting resource and plant species diversity in an African grassland ecosystem[J]. Oecologia,2004,139(2):277-287.
[22]Rayburn A P,Schupp E W. Effects of community-and neighborhood-scale spatial patterns on semi-arid perennial grassland community dynamics[J]. Oecologia,2013,172(4):1137.
[2]Robertson G P. Geostatistics in ecology:Interpolating with Known Variance[J]. Ecology,1987,68(3):744-748.
[3]祖元刚,马克明,张喜军.植被空间异质性的分形分析方法[J].生态学报,1997,17(3):333-337.
[4]陈玉福,董鸣.生态学系统的空间异质性[J].生态学报,2003,23(2):346-352.
[5]白永飞,许志信,李德新.内蒙古高原针茅草原群落土壤水分和碳、氮分布的小尺度空间异质性[J].生态学报,2002,22(8):1215-1223.
[6]Kunin W E. Extrapolating species abundance across spatial scales[J]. Science,1998,281(5382):1513-1515.
[7]Maynard J J,Johnson M G. Scale-dependency of Li DAR derived terrain attributes in quantitative soil-landscape modeling:Effects of grid resolution vs. neighborhood extent[J]. Geoderma,2014(230):29-40.
[8]Koerner S E,Collins S L. Small-scale patch structure in North American and South African grasslands responds differently to fire and grazing[J]. Landscape Ecology,2013,28(7):1293-1306.
[9]Rosenzweig M L. Species Diversity in Space and Time[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1995:16-20.
[10]Stohlgren T J,Dan B,Chong G W,et al. Exotic plant species invade hot spots of native plant diversity[J]. Ecological Monographs,1999,69(1):25-46.
[11]Zuo X,Zhao X,Wang S,et al. Influence of dune stabilization on relationship between plant diversity and productivity in Horqin Sand Land,Northern China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2012,67(5):1547-1556.
[12]Carr J R. Comment on"book review:An Introduction to Applied Geostatistics"[J]. Mathematical Geology,1991,23(4):679-681.
[13]Phinn S,Franklin J,Hope A,et al. Biomass distribution mapping using airborne digital video imagery and spatial statistics in a semi-arid environment[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,1996,47(2):139-164.
[14]Crawley M J,Harral J E. Scale dependence in plant biodiversity[J]. Science,2001,291(5505):864-868.
[15]李岩,尚士友,王晓娟,等.西乌珠穆沁典型草原植被盖度空间异质性研究[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(22):283-288.
[16]吴艳玲,陈立波,卫智军,等.不同放牧压短花针茅荒漠草原群落植物种的空间异质特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(7):110-115.
[17]李晓光.基于MODIS-NDVI的内蒙古植被覆盖变化及其驱动因子分析[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2014:33-39.
[18]邓兴耀,姚俊强,刘志辉.基于GIMMS NDVI的中亚干旱区植被覆盖时空变化[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(1):10-19.
[19]Sun Y,Guo Q,Liu J,et al. Scale effects on spatially varying relationships between urban landscape patterns and water quality[J]. Environmental Management,2014,54(2):272-287.
[20]He Z,Zhao W,Chang X,et al. Scale dependence in desert plant diversity[J]. Biodiversity&Conservation,2006,15(9):3055-3064.
[21]Anderson T M,Mcnaughton S J,Ritchie M E. Scale-dependent relationships between the spatial distribution of a limiting resource and plant species diversity in an African grassland ecosystem[J]. Oecologia,2004,139(2):277-287.
[22]Rayburn A P,Schupp E W. Effects of community-and neighborhood-scale spatial patterns on semi-arid perennial grassland community dynamics[J]. Oecologia,2013,172(4):1137.