浅谈仪器烈度在地震烈度评定中的应用
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摘要
地震仪器烈度是通过记录到地震动参数,利用特定滤波器和算法计算出来的烈度值。首先介绍了美国和日本仪器烈度的使用情况,进而介绍中国台湾地区和中国内地地区仪器烈度的使用情况。结合近几年来我国地震仪器烈度与实际烈度的差异,指出目前我国仪器烈度算法需要进行完善之处。通过文献查阅,指出仪器烈度与地震动参数相关研究存在的问题,即多集中研究地震动特性与烈度之间的关系而忽视了建筑结构的地震易损性的影响。通过分析发现,地震动特性、建筑结构的地震易损性和烈度之间的关系是呈"三角分布"的。鉴于建筑结构易损性的地区差异性、年代差异性等原因,通过讨论分析,建议了地震动参数的选择策略。最后指出关于考虑结构易损性的仪器烈度的研究刚起步,成果比较少,这部分内容仍然需要进一步研究。
Instrumental intensity is the calculated intensity by special filters and algorithms using ground motion parameters of the records. The application of instrumental intensity in the United States and Japan was first introduced,then in China Taiwan and Mainland China. It is found that the algorithm of instrumental intensity in Mainland China is still needed improvement based on the differences between instrumental intensities and macroseismic intensities recently. Based on literature review,the problems of related studies on instrument intensity and ground motion parameters are concluded,namely most of the studies were focus on the relationship of earthquake ground motion and intensity without concern of the seismic fragility of building structures. It is found that the relationship of earthquake ground motion,seismic fragility of building structures and seismic intensity is triangle relation. Based on discussion, the regional and chronological differences of seismic fragility of building structures are emphasized,and then the strategy of selecting earthquake ground motion is suggested. Finally,it is point out that the further researches are needed for consideration of seismic fragility of building structures on instrumental intensity.
Instrumental intensity is the calculated intensity by special filters and algorithms using ground motion parameters of the records. The application of instrumental intensity in the United States and Japan was first introduced,then in China Taiwan and Mainland China. It is found that the algorithm of instrumental intensity in Mainland China is still needed improvement based on the differences between instrumental intensities and macroseismic intensities recently. Based on literature review,the problems of related studies on instrument intensity and ground motion parameters are concluded,namely most of the studies were focus on the relationship of earthquake ground motion and intensity without concern of the seismic fragility of building structures. It is found that the relationship of earthquake ground motion,seismic fragility of building structures and seismic intensity is triangle relation. Based on discussion, the regional and chronological differences of seismic fragility of building structures are emphasized,and then the strategy of selecting earthquake ground motion is suggested. Finally,it is point out that the further researches are needed for consideration of seismic fragility of building structures on instrumental intensity.
引文
[1]李明.近断层地震动对结构抗震设计的影响研究[D].中国地震局工程力学研究所,2010.
[2]金星,张红才,李军,等.地震仪器烈度标准初步研究[J].地球物理学进展,2013,28(5):2336-2351.
[3]马强,李水龙,李山有,等.不同地震动参数与地震烈度的相关性分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2014,1(4):83-92.
[4]丁宝荣,孙景江,李小东,等.地震烈度和地震动参数相关性研究进展及讨论[J].地震工程与工程振动,2014,1(5):7-20.
[5]林淋,孙景江,廖洁,等.地震动参数与地震烈度的多元回归研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2011,31(3):33-38.
[6]李敏.地震动加速度反应谱与地震烈度的关系研究[D].中国地震局工程力学研究所,2010.
[7]郝敏.地震烈度物理标准及地震动破坏势研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2006.
[8]王玉石,周正华,兰日清.利用修正谱烈度确定我国西部地区仪器烈度的建议方法[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2010(S1):119-129.
[9]冯蔚,姜立新,杨天青,等.芦山7. 0级地震强震台仪器烈度与调查点烈度的对比分析[J].地震地质,2014,36(1):222-229.
[10] TRIFUNAC M D. On the correlation of seismic intensity scales with the peaks of recorded strong ground motion[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1975,65(1):139-162.
[11] MCCANN M W,SAUTER F,SHAH H C. A technical note on PGA-intensity relations with applications to damage estimation[J]. Bulletin of the SeismologicalSociety of America,1980,70(2):631-637.
[12] KARIM K R, YAMAZAKI F. Correlation of JMA instrumental seismic intensity with strong motion parameters[J]. Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,2010,31(5):1191-1212.
[13] ATKINSON G M,KAKA S L I. Relationships between felt intensity and instrumental ground motion in the central United States and California[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 2007,97(2):497-510.
[14] FUJIMOTO K,MIDORIKAWA S. Empirical relationship between JMA instrumental seismic intensity and ground motion parameters considering the effect of earthquake magnitude[J]. Journal of Jaee,2010,10(2):1-11.
[15] KAKA S I. Relationships between instrumental groundmotion parameters and modified Mercalli intensity in eastern North America[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2004,94(5):1728-1736.
[16] ATKINSON G M. Empirical relationships between modified Mercalli intensity and response spectra[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2000,90(2):537-544.
[17]袁一凡.由地震动三要素确定地震动强度(烈度)的研究[R].中国地震局工程力学研究所,1998.
[18]中国地震局工程力学研究所. 2017年8月8日四川九寨沟7. 0级地震强震动观测简报V2[EB/OL].(2017-08-13)[2018-03-30]. http://www. iem. net.cn/detail. html? id=880.
[19]中国地震局.中国地震局发布四川九寨沟7. 0级地震烈度图[EB/OL].(2017-08-12)[2018-03-30].http://www. cea. gov. cn/publish/dizhenj/464/478/20170812211337414565961/index. heml.
[20]陈达生,卢荣俭,谢礼立.抗震建筑的设计反应谱[R]//中国科学院工程力学研究所.地震工程研究报告集:第三集.北京:科学出版社,1977:73-94.
[21] WALD D J,QUITORIANO V,HEATON T H,et al.Relationships between peak ground acceleration,peak ground velocity and modified mercalli intensity in California[J]. Earthquake Spectra,1999,15(3):557-564.
[22] BEAUDUCEL F,SARA B,MENDY B V,et al.Empirical model for rapid macroseismic intensities prediction in Guadeloupe and Martinique[J]. Comptes Rendus Géoscience,2011,343(11-12):717-728.
[23] DAVENPORT P N. Instrumental measures of earthquake intensity in New Zealand[C]∥Proceedings of 2003Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Christchurch,2003.
[24] SOURIAU A. Quantifying felt events:a joint analysis of intensities,accelerations and dominant frequencies[J].Journal of Seismology,2006,10(1):23-38.
[25] FACCIOLI E,CAUZZI C. Macroseismic intensities for seismic scenarios,estimated from instrumentally based correlations[C]∥Proceedings of the First European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology.Geneva,2006:569.
[26] LINKIMER L. Relationship between peak ground acceleration and modified mercalli intensity in costa rica[J]. Revista Geológica De America Central,2008,38:81-94.
[27] FAENZA L,MICHELINI A. Regression analysis of MCS intensity and ground motion parameters in Italy and its application in Shake Map[J]. Geophysical Journal International,2010,180(3):1138-1152.
[28] SAMAN Y S, TSANG H H, NELSON T K L.Conversion between peak ground motion parameters and modified mercalli intensity values[J]. Journal of Earthquake Engineering,2011,15:1138-1155.
[29] DANGKUA D T,CRAMER C H. Felt intensity versus instrumental ground motion:A difference between California and Eastern North America?[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2011,101(4):1847-1858.
[30] WORDEN C B,GERSTENBERGER M C,RHOADES D A,et al. Probabilistic relationships between groundmotion parameters and modified Mercalli intensity in California[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2012,102(1):204-221.
[31] ALVAREZ D A. HURTADO J E,BEDOYA-RUíZ D A.Prediction of modified Mercalli intensity from PGA,PGV,moment magnitude,and epicentral distance using several nonlinear statistical algorithms[J]. Journal of Seismology,2012,16(3):489-511.
[32] PAILOPLEE S. Relationship between modified mercalli intensity and peak ground acceleration in Myanmar[J].Natural Science,2012,4:624-630.
[33] BILAL M,ASKAN A. Relationships between felt intensity and recorded ground-motion parameters for Turkey[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2014,104(1):484-496.
[34] KAKA S I,ATKINSON G M. Relationships between instrumental ground-motion parameters and modified Mercalli intensity in Eastern North America[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2004,94(5):1728-1736.
[35]胡少卿,孙柏涛,王东明.基于建筑物易损性分类的群体震害预测方法研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2010,30(3):96-101.
[36]孙得璋.建筑物单体震害预测新方法探讨[D].中国地震局工程力学研究所,2008.
[37]蔡银亮.仪器地震烈度与砌体房屋震害相关性初步研究[D].中国地震局工程力学研究所,2015.
[38]孙柏涛,胡少卿.基于已有震害矩阵模拟的群体震害预测方法研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(6):102-108.
[2]金星,张红才,李军,等.地震仪器烈度标准初步研究[J].地球物理学进展,2013,28(5):2336-2351.
[3]马强,李水龙,李山有,等.不同地震动参数与地震烈度的相关性分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2014,1(4):83-92.
[4]丁宝荣,孙景江,李小东,等.地震烈度和地震动参数相关性研究进展及讨论[J].地震工程与工程振动,2014,1(5):7-20.
[5]林淋,孙景江,廖洁,等.地震动参数与地震烈度的多元回归研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2011,31(3):33-38.
[6]李敏.地震动加速度反应谱与地震烈度的关系研究[D].中国地震局工程力学研究所,2010.
[7]郝敏.地震烈度物理标准及地震动破坏势研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2006.
[8]王玉石,周正华,兰日清.利用修正谱烈度确定我国西部地区仪器烈度的建议方法[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2010(S1):119-129.
[9]冯蔚,姜立新,杨天青,等.芦山7. 0级地震强震台仪器烈度与调查点烈度的对比分析[J].地震地质,2014,36(1):222-229.
[10] TRIFUNAC M D. On the correlation of seismic intensity scales with the peaks of recorded strong ground motion[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1975,65(1):139-162.
[11] MCCANN M W,SAUTER F,SHAH H C. A technical note on PGA-intensity relations with applications to damage estimation[J]. Bulletin of the SeismologicalSociety of America,1980,70(2):631-637.
[12] KARIM K R, YAMAZAKI F. Correlation of JMA instrumental seismic intensity with strong motion parameters[J]. Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,2010,31(5):1191-1212.
[13] ATKINSON G M,KAKA S L I. Relationships between felt intensity and instrumental ground motion in the central United States and California[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 2007,97(2):497-510.
[14] FUJIMOTO K,MIDORIKAWA S. Empirical relationship between JMA instrumental seismic intensity and ground motion parameters considering the effect of earthquake magnitude[J]. Journal of Jaee,2010,10(2):1-11.
[15] KAKA S I. Relationships between instrumental groundmotion parameters and modified Mercalli intensity in eastern North America[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2004,94(5):1728-1736.
[16] ATKINSON G M. Empirical relationships between modified Mercalli intensity and response spectra[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2000,90(2):537-544.
[17]袁一凡.由地震动三要素确定地震动强度(烈度)的研究[R].中国地震局工程力学研究所,1998.
[18]中国地震局工程力学研究所. 2017年8月8日四川九寨沟7. 0级地震强震动观测简报V2[EB/OL].(2017-08-13)[2018-03-30]. http://www. iem. net.cn/detail. html? id=880.
[19]中国地震局.中国地震局发布四川九寨沟7. 0级地震烈度图[EB/OL].(2017-08-12)[2018-03-30].http://www. cea. gov. cn/publish/dizhenj/464/478/20170812211337414565961/index. heml.
[20]陈达生,卢荣俭,谢礼立.抗震建筑的设计反应谱[R]//中国科学院工程力学研究所.地震工程研究报告集:第三集.北京:科学出版社,1977:73-94.
[21] WALD D J,QUITORIANO V,HEATON T H,et al.Relationships between peak ground acceleration,peak ground velocity and modified mercalli intensity in California[J]. Earthquake Spectra,1999,15(3):557-564.
[22] BEAUDUCEL F,SARA B,MENDY B V,et al.Empirical model for rapid macroseismic intensities prediction in Guadeloupe and Martinique[J]. Comptes Rendus Géoscience,2011,343(11-12):717-728.
[23] DAVENPORT P N. Instrumental measures of earthquake intensity in New Zealand[C]∥Proceedings of 2003Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Christchurch,2003.
[24] SOURIAU A. Quantifying felt events:a joint analysis of intensities,accelerations and dominant frequencies[J].Journal of Seismology,2006,10(1):23-38.
[25] FACCIOLI E,CAUZZI C. Macroseismic intensities for seismic scenarios,estimated from instrumentally based correlations[C]∥Proceedings of the First European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology.Geneva,2006:569.
[26] LINKIMER L. Relationship between peak ground acceleration and modified mercalli intensity in costa rica[J]. Revista Geológica De America Central,2008,38:81-94.
[27] FAENZA L,MICHELINI A. Regression analysis of MCS intensity and ground motion parameters in Italy and its application in Shake Map[J]. Geophysical Journal International,2010,180(3):1138-1152.
[28] SAMAN Y S, TSANG H H, NELSON T K L.Conversion between peak ground motion parameters and modified mercalli intensity values[J]. Journal of Earthquake Engineering,2011,15:1138-1155.
[29] DANGKUA D T,CRAMER C H. Felt intensity versus instrumental ground motion:A difference between California and Eastern North America?[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2011,101(4):1847-1858.
[30] WORDEN C B,GERSTENBERGER M C,RHOADES D A,et al. Probabilistic relationships between groundmotion parameters and modified Mercalli intensity in California[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2012,102(1):204-221.
[31] ALVAREZ D A. HURTADO J E,BEDOYA-RUíZ D A.Prediction of modified Mercalli intensity from PGA,PGV,moment magnitude,and epicentral distance using several nonlinear statistical algorithms[J]. Journal of Seismology,2012,16(3):489-511.
[32] PAILOPLEE S. Relationship between modified mercalli intensity and peak ground acceleration in Myanmar[J].Natural Science,2012,4:624-630.
[33] BILAL M,ASKAN A. Relationships between felt intensity and recorded ground-motion parameters for Turkey[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2014,104(1):484-496.
[34] KAKA S I,ATKINSON G M. Relationships between instrumental ground-motion parameters and modified Mercalli intensity in Eastern North America[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2004,94(5):1728-1736.
[35]胡少卿,孙柏涛,王东明.基于建筑物易损性分类的群体震害预测方法研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2010,30(3):96-101.
[36]孙得璋.建筑物单体震害预测新方法探讨[D].中国地震局工程力学研究所,2008.
[37]蔡银亮.仪器地震烈度与砌体房屋震害相关性初步研究[D].中国地震局工程力学研究所,2015.
[38]孙柏涛,胡少卿.基于已有震害矩阵模拟的群体震害预测方法研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(6):102-108.
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