高海拔双向行车公路隧道火灾控烟风速研究
|
摘要
雀儿山隧道为高海拔双向行车公路隧道,发生火灾后需要兼顾火灾点两侧人员的疏散,烟气控制较单向行车隧道复杂。采用FDS软件对雀儿山隧道进行火灾三维数值模拟,研究了高海拔双向行车公路隧道火灾时的烟气流动规律和能见度分布规律。研究结果表明:高海拔隧道火灾烟气流动比低海拔隧道速度快;纵坡隧道发生火灾时,若不采取任何控烟措施,烟流在火风压效应的作用下会从高洞口排出,而烟流沿下坡方向的蔓延距离仅在10 m左右,火灾烟气沿火灾点两侧蔓延极不对称;当隧道高洞口控制风速过大或横通道内控制风速过小时,易出现烟气蔓延对称性不佳或烟气窜入横通道,故二者应合理取值;当隧道高洞口施加0.5 m/s的风速、横通道施加1.0 m/s的风速时,烟气在火灾点两侧基本呈对称蔓延,且火灾两侧的能见度也基本对称;建议类似于依托工程的单洞双向行车公路隧道火灾疏散救援阶段,隧道高洞口风速控制在0.5 m/s左右、横通道内风速控制在1.0 m/s左右,以利于人员逃生。
The Queershan Tunnel is a two-direction road tunnel with high altitude. Due to the evacuation needed in both directions,the smoke controlling is more complicated than the one-direction tunnels. The FDS software is used to simulate the fire in the Queershan tunnel,and the law of smoke flow movement and the distribution of the visibility in the two-direction road tunnel with high altitude were studied. The results show that the smoke flows faster in high altitude tunnel than that in low altitude tunnel. The smoke flow will be discharged from the high side under the action of the fire pressure effect,while the distance of the smoke flow along the downhill direction is only about 10 m,and the smoke spreads along both sides of the fire spot asymmetrically if no smoke controlling measures are taken in the tunnel fire. When the controlling velocity at the high side is too large or controlling velocities at transverse alleyways are too small,it will be prone to the phenomenon that smoke spreading symmetry is poor or smoke flees into transverse alleyways,so the controlling velocities at the high side and transverse alleyways should be the reasonable value. When the controlling velocity is 0.5 m/s at the tunnel entrance and the controlling velocities are 1.0 m/s at the transverse alleyways,the smoke spread and the visibility are symmetrical on both sides of the fire source. It is suggested that the velocity of high side should be controlled at 0.5 m/s,and the velocities in transverse alleyways should be controlled at1.0 m/s,so it is the most reasonable situation to escape.
The Queershan Tunnel is a two-direction road tunnel with high altitude. Due to the evacuation needed in both directions,the smoke controlling is more complicated than the one-direction tunnels. The FDS software is used to simulate the fire in the Queershan tunnel,and the law of smoke flow movement and the distribution of the visibility in the two-direction road tunnel with high altitude were studied. The results show that the smoke flows faster in high altitude tunnel than that in low altitude tunnel. The smoke flow will be discharged from the high side under the action of the fire pressure effect,while the distance of the smoke flow along the downhill direction is only about 10 m,and the smoke spreads along both sides of the fire spot asymmetrically if no smoke controlling measures are taken in the tunnel fire. When the controlling velocity at the high side is too large or controlling velocities at transverse alleyways are too small,it will be prone to the phenomenon that smoke spreading symmetry is poor or smoke flees into transverse alleyways,so the controlling velocities at the high side and transverse alleyways should be the reasonable value. When the controlling velocity is 0.5 m/s at the tunnel entrance and the controlling velocities are 1.0 m/s at the transverse alleyways,the smoke spread and the visibility are symmetrical on both sides of the fire source. It is suggested that the velocity of high side should be controlled at 0.5 m/s,and the velocities in transverse alleyways should be controlled at1.0 m/s,so it is the most reasonable situation to escape.
引文
[1]张廷彪,张祉道.高海拔公路隧道运营通风卫生标准初探[J].现代隧道技术,2014,51(3):23-29.(Zhang Tingbiao,Zhang Zhidao.Exploration of hygienic standards for operation ventilation of a highway tunnel in high-altitude area[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2014,51(3):23-29.(in Chinese))
[2]刘帅,陈建忠,王芳其.公路隧道纵向通风对火灾烟气分层影响研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2018,14(5):1419-1423.(Liu Shuai,Chen Jianzhong,Wang Fangqi.Influences study of longitudinal ventilation on smoke stratification in tunnel fires[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2018,14(5):1419-1423.(in Chinese))
[3]Nakamura H,Yamana T,Matshushita T,et al.Research on smoke control in underground structures[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1992,7(4):325-333.
[4]白赟.铁路隧道救援站火灾特性及烟气控制试验研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2014.(Bai Yun.Study on fire characteristics and smoke control of rescue station test in railway tunnel[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2014.(in Chinese))
[5]蔡加发.公路隧道火灾分析及救灾预案研究[D].重庆:重庆交通大学,2008.(Cai Jiafa.The study on the fire analysis and the fire rescue preplan of highway tunnel[D].Chongqing:Chongqing Jiaotong University,2008.(in Chinese))
[6]严涛,王明年,舒东利,等.高海拔单洞+服务隧道横通道间距设置研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(6):1608-1615.(Yan Tao,Wang Mingnian,Shu Dongli,et al.Research on interval of transverse gallery in the single and service tunnel construction form with high altitude[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(6):1608-1615.(in Chinese))
[7]Roh J S,Ryou H S,Kim D H,et al.Critical velocity and burning rate in pool fire during longitudinal ventilation[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2007,22(3):262-271.
[8]赵红莉,徐志胜,王闪,等.公路隧道纵向诱导风速对火灾烟气控制效果影响分析[J].安全与环境学报,2012,12(5):160-164.(Zhao Hongli,Xu Zhisheng,Wang Shan,et al.Analysis of the affecting factors of the longitudinally induced velocity on the smoke control in highway tunnels[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2012,12(5):160-164.(in Chinese))
[9]易亮,李沿宗,徐志胜.半横向排烟下隧道火灾烟气控制效果试验研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2011,31(1):85-90.(Yi Liang,Li Yanzong,Xu Zhisheng.Experimental study on effect of semi-horizontal extraction on tunnel fire[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2011,31(1):85-90.(in Chinese))
[10]彭伟,霍然,李元洲,等.二郎山公路隧道火灾排烟及人车疏散应急方案研究[J].安全与环境学报,2007,7(5):113-116.(Peng Wei,Huo Ran,Li Yuanzhou,et al.On scheme of smoking control and evacuation for extremely long highway tunnels[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2007,7(5):113-116.(in Chinese))
[11]曾艳华,胡百万,黎旭,等.大纵坡双向行车公路隧道火灾控制风速研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2013,9(4):959-964.(Zeng Yanhua,Hu Baiwan,Li Xu,et al.Study on wind flow velocity under fire control in two-direction road tunnel with large longitudinal slope[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2013,9(4):959-964.(in Chinese))
[12]徐志胜,李冬,姜学鹏,等.纵向通风隧道内火灾温度场分布规律研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2010,20(3):51-56.(Xu Zhisheng,Li Dong,Jiang Xuepeng,et al.Study on fire temperature field distribution in longitudinal ventilation tunnel[J].China Safety Science Journal,2010,20(3):51-56.(in Chinese))
[13]安永林,彭立敏,雷明锋.雪峰山公路隧道火灾CO-能见度-温度横向分布[J].土木工程学报,2009,42(6):115-120.(An Yonglin,Peng Limin,Lei Mingfeng.Transverse distribution of co,visibility and temperature during fire in the Xuefengshan Highway Tunnel[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2009,42(6):115-120.(in Chinese))
[14]Mc Grattan K,Mcdermott R,Hostikka S,et al.Fire dynamics simulator(version 5)user’s guide[M].National Institute of Standards and Techno-logy,2008.
[2]刘帅,陈建忠,王芳其.公路隧道纵向通风对火灾烟气分层影响研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2018,14(5):1419-1423.(Liu Shuai,Chen Jianzhong,Wang Fangqi.Influences study of longitudinal ventilation on smoke stratification in tunnel fires[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2018,14(5):1419-1423.(in Chinese))
[3]Nakamura H,Yamana T,Matshushita T,et al.Research on smoke control in underground structures[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1992,7(4):325-333.
[4]白赟.铁路隧道救援站火灾特性及烟气控制试验研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2014.(Bai Yun.Study on fire characteristics and smoke control of rescue station test in railway tunnel[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2014.(in Chinese))
[5]蔡加发.公路隧道火灾分析及救灾预案研究[D].重庆:重庆交通大学,2008.(Cai Jiafa.The study on the fire analysis and the fire rescue preplan of highway tunnel[D].Chongqing:Chongqing Jiaotong University,2008.(in Chinese))
[6]严涛,王明年,舒东利,等.高海拔单洞+服务隧道横通道间距设置研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(6):1608-1615.(Yan Tao,Wang Mingnian,Shu Dongli,et al.Research on interval of transverse gallery in the single and service tunnel construction form with high altitude[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(6):1608-1615.(in Chinese))
[7]Roh J S,Ryou H S,Kim D H,et al.Critical velocity and burning rate in pool fire during longitudinal ventilation[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2007,22(3):262-271.
[8]赵红莉,徐志胜,王闪,等.公路隧道纵向诱导风速对火灾烟气控制效果影响分析[J].安全与环境学报,2012,12(5):160-164.(Zhao Hongli,Xu Zhisheng,Wang Shan,et al.Analysis of the affecting factors of the longitudinally induced velocity on the smoke control in highway tunnels[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2012,12(5):160-164.(in Chinese))
[9]易亮,李沿宗,徐志胜.半横向排烟下隧道火灾烟气控制效果试验研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2011,31(1):85-90.(Yi Liang,Li Yanzong,Xu Zhisheng.Experimental study on effect of semi-horizontal extraction on tunnel fire[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2011,31(1):85-90.(in Chinese))
[10]彭伟,霍然,李元洲,等.二郎山公路隧道火灾排烟及人车疏散应急方案研究[J].安全与环境学报,2007,7(5):113-116.(Peng Wei,Huo Ran,Li Yuanzhou,et al.On scheme of smoking control and evacuation for extremely long highway tunnels[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2007,7(5):113-116.(in Chinese))
[11]曾艳华,胡百万,黎旭,等.大纵坡双向行车公路隧道火灾控制风速研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2013,9(4):959-964.(Zeng Yanhua,Hu Baiwan,Li Xu,et al.Study on wind flow velocity under fire control in two-direction road tunnel with large longitudinal slope[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2013,9(4):959-964.(in Chinese))
[12]徐志胜,李冬,姜学鹏,等.纵向通风隧道内火灾温度场分布规律研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2010,20(3):51-56.(Xu Zhisheng,Li Dong,Jiang Xuepeng,et al.Study on fire temperature field distribution in longitudinal ventilation tunnel[J].China Safety Science Journal,2010,20(3):51-56.(in Chinese))
[13]安永林,彭立敏,雷明锋.雪峰山公路隧道火灾CO-能见度-温度横向分布[J].土木工程学报,2009,42(6):115-120.(An Yonglin,Peng Limin,Lei Mingfeng.Transverse distribution of co,visibility and temperature during fire in the Xuefengshan Highway Tunnel[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2009,42(6):115-120.(in Chinese))
[14]Mc Grattan K,Mcdermott R,Hostikka S,et al.Fire dynamics simulator(version 5)user’s guide[M].National Institute of Standards and Techno-logy,2008.